爆轰波碰撞聚能效应及其数值分析

为了掌握爆轰波碰撞时的爆压和能量汇聚的规律,对爆轰波各种碰撞的爆压变化进行研究。首先基于爆轰波碰撞理论分析.得出爆轰波在正碰撞、斜碰撞和马赫反射三种条件下的爆压变化,确定马赫反射发生的条件,然后绘制入射角、偏离角和反射角间的关系曲线。应用Ls-dyna数值软件对爆轰波碰撞产生马赫反射的过程进行模拟。对比模拟和理论计算结果得知.对于多方指数为2.4的铵油炸药,马赫反射发生在斜爆轰波入射角为46.4°时,此时马赫波后压强达到最大值13.2 GPa,并在马赫波后形成高压区域。     

爆轰波碰撞聚能效应及其数值分析

为了掌握爆轰波碰撞时的爆压和能量汇聚的规律,对爆轰波各种碰撞的爆压变化进行研究。首先基于爆轰波碰撞理论分析.得出爆轰波在正碰撞、斜碰撞和马赫反射三种条件下的爆压变化,确定马赫反射发生的条件,然后绘制入射角、偏离角和反射角间的关系曲线。应用Ls-dyna数值软件对爆轰波碰撞产生马赫反射的过程进行模拟。对比模拟和理论计算结果得知.对于多方指数为2.4的铵油炸药,马赫反射发生在斜爆轰波入射角为46.4°时,此时马赫波后压强达到最大值13.2 GPa,并在马赫波后形成高压区域。     

粉状乳化炸药粒度对其爆轰性能的影响

粉状乳化炸药兼具了乳化炸药和粉状工业炸药的优点,其特殊的微观结构使得粒度对爆轰性能的影响,与粉状工业炸药既相似又有差别。出于提高粉状炸药爆炸威力和对爆轰机理认识的目的,将同一粉状乳化炸药筛分、制备了四种不同粒度的试验样品,分别进行爆速和猛度测试。结果表明:在实验条件下,随着炸药粒径的减小,爆速和猛度呈近似直线趋势增大,并从理论上解释了粒度对粉状乳化炸药爆轰性能的影响。     

粉状乳化炸药粒度对其爆轰性能的影响

粉状乳化炸药兼具了乳化炸药和粉状工业炸药的优点,其特殊的微观结构使得粒度对爆轰性能的影响,与粉状工业炸药既相似又有差别。出于提高粉状炸药爆炸威力和对爆轰机理认识的目的,将同一粉状乳化炸药筛分、制备了四种不同粒度的试验样品,分别进行爆速和猛度测试。结果表明:在实验条件下,随着炸药粒径的减小,爆速和猛度呈近似直线趋势增大,并从理论上解释了粒度对粉状乳化炸药爆轰性能的影响。     

爆炸焊接条件下炸药爆速的探针法测定

用探针法测量了几种混合炸药的爆速 ,绘制了它们沿爆轰方向的分布曲线 ,分析和讨论了试验结果。指出 ,炸药的爆轰和它的传播 (爆速 )有一个发生、发展、持续和消亡的过程 ,研究这个过程对于爆炸焊接来说有重要的理论和实际意义     

爆炸焊接条件下炸药爆速的探针法测定

用探针法测量了几种混合炸药的爆速 ,绘制了它们沿爆轰方向的分布曲线 ,分析和讨论了试验结果。指出 ,炸药的爆轰和它的传播 (爆速 )有一个发生、发展、持续和消亡的过程 ,研究这个过程对于爆炸焊接来说有重要的理论和实际意义     

添加AP的乳化炸药爆轰参数的理论研究

利用零氧平衡理论,分别设计出不含高氯酸铵(AP)的典型乳化炸药,以及分别含3%、5%、10%AP的乳化炸药配方。采用B-W法则分别预测其爆炸产物,并运用盖斯定律、热力学定律及C-J爆轰理论对这些炸药配方的爆轰参数进行理论计算,并进行比较。结果表明:在一定范围内AP可以提高乳化炸药的爆炸性能。     

爆轰合成用的乳化炸药制备工艺与爆轰特性

制备了一种用于爆轰合成纳米MnFe2O4颗粒的新型乳化炸药,并对其制备工艺及爆轰特性进行探讨,确定了其制备工艺参数,通过爆速测量实验及爆轰产物检测,获得了该炸药的爆速,并研究了其爆轰状态.结果表明,该乳化炸药的制备工艺比传统炸药要求更加严格.纯净乳化基质不具备爆轰感度,添加RDX后,其爆轰参数与传统乳化炸药相近(或略低...     

爆轰法制取氧化铝

为进一步探求纳米氧化铝的尺寸和晶型与混合炸药爆轰参数之间的有机联系,以九水硝酸铝和黑索金为原材料,按1∶8的质量比将两者均匀混合配制出密度约为0.8g/cm3的混合炸药在爆炸罐内进行爆轰实验研究,爆轰实验产物为灰色粉末。通过高分辨率透射电镜和X光衍射仪器对产物进行检测分析,分析结果表明产物为纳米氧化铝,氧化铝颗粒形状呈标准球形,大部分颗粒尺寸小于100nm,少量颗粒尺寸大于100nm,颗粒平均尺寸为30nm左右,氧化铝晶型为γ型。实验结果进一步证明了混合炸药中黑索金含量越高,爆轰合成的纳米氧化铝尺寸越大。     

重结晶对DNTF形貌和含铝炸药爆轰性能的影响

采用溶剂-非溶剂法重结晶预处理3,4－二硝基呋咱基氧化呋咱(DNTF),通过SEM及激光粒度仪分析了预处理工艺对DNTF形貌和粒度的影响,并研究了含铝炸药的撞击感度、成型性、爆热和爆速性能。结果表明,以乙酸乙酯为溶剂,水为非溶剂,DNTF经重结晶预处理后,其晶体粒度变小,粒度分布变窄,晶体外形稍好,形状规则,撞击感度降低;含重结晶DNTF的含铝炸药成型密度、爆热和爆速均高于含粗品DNTF的含铝炸药,在一定程度上提高了DNTF含铝炸药的爆轰性能。     

Preparation and magnetic behavior of carbon-encapsulated iron nanoparticles by detonation method

Carbon-encapsulated iron (Fe@C) nanoparticles with core/shell structure have been successfully synthesized by detonation method, using a homemade composite explosive precursor. The detonation reaction was ignited by a non-electric detonator in nitrogen gas in an explosion vessel. The as-prepared detonation products were characterized by X-ray Diffraction, Transmission electron Microscopy, Raman spectroscopy and X-ray fluorescence. The magnetic behavior of the Fe@C materials was measured by vibrating sample magnetometer. The results showed that the detonation products were made up of the body centered cubic iron core and the graphitic carbon shell, of which the core diameter was in the range of 15–50 nm. Raman spectroscopy indicated that both graphitic and amorphous carbon occured in the outside shell structures. The hysteresis loops showed the as-made Fe@C nanoparticles were of superparamagnetic at 300 K temperature. A detonation reaction mechanism was proposed to explain the growth process of Fe@C nanoparticles based on these results.     

深孔内含水炸药爆速和相对爆压的现场测试研究

长沙矿冶研究院和武钢大冶铁矿、本钢南芬露天铁矿合作进行了深孔内含水炸药爆速和相对爆压的测试研究。测试结果表明,运用改进的探针法—数字爆速仪和电气石压电晶体传感器－ 瞬态波形记录仪两种方法,可为改善破碎质量和大规模干扰降震提供可靠的数据     

爆炸焊接用低爆速粉状乳化炸药研究

为降低岩石粉状乳化炸药的爆速,选择了一种HW矿物粉,通过筛混方式将该分散剂与炸药混合,并测定了该分散剂加入量和布药厚度对炸药爆速的影响。结果表明,岩石粉状乳化炸药中掺入44.5%⁵0%的HW矿物粉时,爆速为1913m/s50%的HW矿物粉时,爆速为1913m/s²378m/s,经钢与不锈钢板爆炸焊接试验表明,爆炸结合率达100%,可满足金属爆炸焊接用炸药的要求。     

深孔内含水炸药爆速和相对爆压的现场测试研究

长沙矿冶研究院和武钢大冶铁矿、本钢南芬露天铁矿合作进行了深孔内含水炸药爆速和相对爆压的测试研究。测试结果表明,运用改进的探针法—数字爆速仪和电气石压电晶体传感器－ 瞬态波形记录仪两种方法,可为改善破碎质量和大规模干扰降震提供可靠的数据     

爆炸法合成石墨烯

以石墨氧化物为前躯体,采用爆炸法合成石墨烯.利用XRD,SEM,XPS,TEM,SAED和Raman等测试手段对石墨烯的形貌,成份和结构进行表征.结果表明,石墨氧化物在爆炸产生的热量和冲击波的作用下发生完全剥离并被还原成石墨烯.新合成的石墨烯呈透明褶皱状,含有2层～5层石墨层,并具有较好的晶体结构.

Abstract：

Graphene nanosheets were synthesized using graphite oxide as a precursor by detonation. The composition,and structure of graphene nanosheets were characterized by X-ray diffraction,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,scanning and transmission electron microscopy,selected area electron diffraction,and Raman spectroscopy. Results indicated that the as-prepared material was transparent and wrinkled,and comprised 2-5 graphenes with a highly crystalline structrue. The exfoliation and reduction of graphite oxide to graphene nanosheets was induced by the self-generated thermal energy and shockwave of detonation.     

一种低爆速粉状乳化炸药的研制

介绍了一种低爆速粉状乳化炸药制备方法,通过乳化、钢带冷却、固化、粉化的工艺流程,采用控制炸药粒度的方法得到1种低爆速炸药。该炸药外观为细颗粒状,粒度1.2～2.5mm、装药密度0.90～1.05 g/cm~3。试验证明,该低爆速炸药具有雷管起爆感度,爆速2200～2700 m/s、猛度8～12 mm、传爆长度>12 m(装药直径32mm),储存期>6个月。该低爆速炸药生产工艺简单、爆速调节方便、安全性好,可满足特殊控制爆破的需要。     

导爆索轴向爆轰波压力测试技术研究

导爆索作为传爆和引爆的一种爆破材料,其内部爆轰波的输出压力对炸药包的引爆和成型材料的作用是一个重要的参数。着重介绍了锰铜传感器的测试原理,并根据导爆索的结构设计了爆压实验,同时利用其装置对导爆索端面的压力进行了多次测量,得到了较满意的测试结果,且测试的爆压数值对导爆索的输出性能参数具有重要的参考价值。     

导爆索轴向爆轰波压力测试技术研究

导爆索作为传爆和引爆的一种爆破材料,其内部爆轰波的输出压力对炸药包的引爆和成型材料的作用是一个重要的参数。着重介绍了锰铜传感器的测试原理,并根据导爆索的结构设计了爆压实验,同时利用其装置对导爆索端面的压力进行了多次测量,得到了较满意的测试结果,且测试的爆压数值对导爆索的输出性能参数具有重要的参考价值。     

Adsorption of alkyltrimethylammonium bromides on nanodiamonds

Abstract

Adsorption of alkyltrimethylammonium bromides (DTAB, TTAB and CTAB) on detonation nanodiamonds was studied. Nanodiamonds of positive and negative zeta potentials in aqueous suspensions were used. The amount of the compound on nanodiamond surface was determined using tritium labeled surfactants. Our results suggested the same mechanism of the adsorption complex formation for nanodiamonds of total positive and negative charge.     

Preparation of hollow carbon nanospheres via explosive detonation

Hollow carbon nanospheres were prepared via a rapid detonation technique, by using negative-oxygen balance explosive trinitrotoluene and nickel powder as starting materials and inorganic acid as solvent. The carbon/metal nanocomposite particles precursor with core-shell structure was engendered firstly during detonation, and then the metal nickel core was dissolved through inorganic acid to attain the hollow carbon nanospheres. High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscope, X-ray diffraction and Raman spectrum were used to characterize the precursor and the as-synthesized samples respectively. The results show that the external diameter of the hollow carbon nanospheres is 25-150 nm and the thickness of the wall is about 2-10 nm. The surface of hollow carbon nanosphere displays multilayer wall in structure with 0.35 nm space between the layers. Based on the experimental results, possible formation mechanism was also proposed.