WZ003090 感应熔炼炉的节能

简述了铸铁熔炼用工频感应炉与中频感应熔炼炉的特点，熔化电力单耗、热平衡计算与发展前景。重点介绍了工频感应熔炼炉与中频感应熔炼炉的种种节能举措。给出了工频感应熔炼炉与中频感应熔炼炉的性能指标。图5表2参2     

铸铁熔炼用工频炉

工频感应熔炼炉分坩埚式和熔沟式两种。工频坩埚式熔炼炉工艺转换灵活,电效率低(75～83％),主要适于铁系金属及易产生熔渣的青铜、铝等金属的熔炼。目前世界上最大的工频坩埚式熔炼炉是美国的60t/21MW炉。熔沟式工频熔炼炉电效率高(90～96％),炉     

冲天炉与工频感应熔炼炉的现状及其今后的动向

文章概述了冲天炉与工频感应熔炼炉的发展现状,以对比形式阐述了冲天炉与工频感应熔炼炉各自长处与不足。冲天炉在熔炼成本上比工频熔炼炉优越,但在冶炼质量、劳动强度、耗费人力、环境公害等方面还存在一定问题。现在,中小型冲天炉正在开发高温出铁,     

工频感应熔炼炉的计算机辅助设计

本文介绍工频感应熔炼炉优化设计的编程。     

有心铸钢熔炼炉

本文介绍有效容量为１ｔ的工频有心感应铸钢熔炼炉的结构，主要技术参数，以及熔沟结构。较详细地阐述了熔池、熔沟的耐火材料组成、配比、筑炉和烘炉工艺。该炉经二年多运行，熔沟平均寿命达１００～１２０炉次；该炉在运行最佳状态的中期，电耗为５７５ＫＷ·ｈ／ｔ。     

电炉文摘WJ85579—85598

WJ85579 工频无心感应熔炼炉节能操作1984年,Vol36,No5, (日文) 日本东洋工业株式会社炉容量为12吨铸铁熔化用工频无心感应熔炼炉采用严格控制炉子通电时间,在不影响产品质量的前题条件下,有效利用浇注设备的升温,降低熔炼炉的出铁温度,降低保温功率等措施,取得了单位电耗降低10％的节能效果。本文重点介绍了日本东洋工业株式会社工频无心感应熔炼炉的节能操作试验。图14幅,表2个。 [陈留根摘]     

国外有色金属用工频有心感应熔炼炉的进展

本文阐述了国外对工频有心感应熔炼炉的炉体结构、工艺操作等方面的改进和发展,为我国在有色金属加工中经常应用的工频有心感应熔炼炉的提高和改进提供了努力的方向。     

有心工频感应熔炼炉在铝工业上的应用与推广

论述用有心工频感应熔炼炉熔铝及其合金的优点,并根据近年来我国熔铝有心工频感应炉的发展及耐火材料的研究成果,说明有心炉在铝工业生产中有值得推广的价值。     

总结经验,振奋精神、扎实工作,搞好改革

我厂是一个历史悠久的工业电炉制造厂,是机械工业部重点企业之一,工艺装备齐全,技术力量雄厚,主要产品有各种热处理电炉、真空电阻炉、真空中频感应熔炼炉、工频无心感应熔炼炉以及特种电炉等。 “六五”期间,我厂完成了工业总产值     

炼钢用小容量无芯感应炉工频供电与中频供电的比较

近几年来,随着机械制造等部门的迅速发展,无芯工频感应熔炼炉在全国各地普遍地出现了,特别是适合中、小型机械、铸造厂使用的750公斤以下炼钢用的小容量炉子的发展尤为迅速,这是由于与电弧炉相比,工频炉具有电能消耗少,耐火材料用量少,钢的成分易于控制,炼钢的成本低,操作简便,劳动条件好等一系列优越性的缘故。但是,从炉子操作运行的经济性和最小的设备投资费用等准则来考虑,750公斤以下的小容量炉子采用工频供电是     

New capability of graphene as hydrogen storage by Si and/or Ge doping: Density functional theory

We studied the adsorption of water molecules via the density functional theory on the pure and silicon and/or germanium doped graphene. We investigated the electrostatic surface potential of the structures to predict the possible interactions. Also, we examined the interaction between every possible side of the water molecule and possible sites of the pure and doped graphene. There was no interaction between the water molecule and the graphene. The only interaction was between the oxygen atom of the water molecule and the doped atoms. We also studied the decomposition of the water molecule on these doped graphene sheets and the possible intermediates and transition states and reaction pathway for the decomposition process. We calculated the interaction energies for the adsorption steps and the thermodynamic parameters for all steps of reaction pathway. The results showed that the adsorption of the water molecule on silicon and/or germanium doped graphene. Also, the decomposition of one of the hydrogen atoms of water molecule was thermodynamically favored at room temperature.     

Semi-analytical method for heat and moisture transfer in packed bed of silica gel

A semi-analytical model for the heat and mass transfer of adsorption and desorption processes of the vertical solid desiccant packed bed dehumidifier is presented on the basis of quasi-steady state assumption, and is solved using close form integration with the limits equivalent to bed and time increments, and numerically by Runge-Kutta Fehlberg and forward scheme finite difference techniques. The most important parameters during the dehumidifier operation, namely, (i) exit air temperature and humidity, (ii) axial temperature distribution in the bed and (iii) water content are evaluated. Stability of the semi-analytical method is investigated and found that the main parameters affecting the model stability are the bed and time increments size. A dimensionless parameter combining time and bed increments size and air velocity named velocity ratio is defined and investigated. It is found that when the velocity ratio equals the ratio of particle diameter to bed length, the method is stable, and as the velocity ratio is made smaller beyond the stable velocity ratio, the results remain unchanged. The results of semi-analytical and numerical models agree well with the experimental results for both desorption and adsorption processes. Using the proposed semi-analytical model, the minimum and maximum relative errors for exit air temperature are 2.24% and 11.78%, respectively and for exit air humidity the minimum and maximum errors are 3.79% and 27.17% respectively.     

Research progress on hydrate plugging in multiphase mixed rich-liquid transportation pipelines

The plugging mechanism of multiphase mixed rich-liquid transportation in submarine pipeline is a prerequisite for maintaining the fluid flow in the pipeline and ensuring safe fluid flow. This paper introduced the common experimental devices used to study multiphase flow, and summarized the plugging progress and mechanism in the liquid-rich system. Besides, it divided the rich-liquid phase system into an oil-based system, a partially dispersed system, and a water-based system according to the different water cuts, and discussed the mechanism of hydrate plugging. Moreover, it summarized the mechanism and the use of anti-agglomerates in different systems. Furthermore, it proposed some suggestions for future research on hydrate plugging. First, in the oil-based system, the effect factors of hydrates are combined with the mechanical properties of hydrate deposit layer, and the hydrate plugging mechanism models at inclined and elbow pipes should be established. Second, the mechanism of oil-water emulsion breaking in partially dispersed system and the reason for the migration of the oil-water interface should be analyzed, and the property of the free water layer on the hydrate plugging process should be quantified. Third, a complete model of the effect of the synergy of liquid bridge force and van der Waals force in the water-based system on the hydrate particle coalescence frequency model is needed, and the coalescence frequency model should be summarized. Next, the dynamic analysis of a multiphase mixed rich-liquid transportation pipeline should be coupled with the process of hydrate coalescence, deposition, and blockage decomposition. Finally, the effects of anti-agglomerates on the morphological evolution of hydrate under different systems and pipeline plugging conditions in different media should be further explored.     

烘焙对生物质热化学转化特性影响的研究进展

生物质是可再生能源的重要组成部分,储量巨大,但其含水量高、能量密度和热值低等缺点致使其研磨难度大、存储运输不便,难以资源化利用。本文对烘焙预处理技术的过程及特点、能耗分析和较为理想的烘焙标准进行了简述;并重点阐述了烘焙对生物质燃烧、热解和气化特性影响的研究进展。经烘焙处理后的生物质在炉膛内可快速、稳定燃烧,炉内温度迅速升高,产生的烟气量减少;热解产生的生物质焦油中水和乙酸含量明显减少,苯酚含量增加,热值总体升高;气化合成气品质明显提升,能量密度增大,总气化效率显著提高。此外,对烘焙预处理技术在城市固体废弃物处理的应用进行了简要的概述,并对其在生物质和城市固体废弃物研究方向上进行了展望。     

屋顶绿化的功能及应用现状

介绍屋顶绿化具有城市建筑节能、环境保护等多种功能,通过对国内外屋顶绿化的发展及应用现状概述,着重分析轻型屋顶绿化技术与作用,为推广轻型屋顶绿化提供理论依据,在城市建设与建筑节能领域具有一定的实用价值和理论意义。     

A primary study on a long-term vision and strategy for the realisation and the development of the Sahara Solar Breeder project in Algeria

Energy security, economic growth and environmental protection are the national energy policy drivers of any country of the world. Scientists, governments, and industries are witnessing the long-term consequences of energy consumption and foresee catastrophic outcomes if alternative methods of energy production are not developed and utilised to meet the needs of our global economy. In recent years, PV is proposed as a competitive energy policy and a step forward to the target of sustainable development and environmental friendly energy source. In this contribution a particular attention is being given to the joint event that bring together the relevant parties, the University of Sciences and Technology of Oran (USTO), Japan International Corporation and Japan Science and Technology Agencies (JICA, JST) to develop a long-term vision and strategy to boost the ideas for the realization and the development of the Sahara Solar Breeder (SSB) project. SSB advocates the view of undertaking collaborative basic, applied and development research, as well as industrial production and technical, commercial and financial support services to implement photovoltaic solar energy systems. The strategic objective is the establishment of a Global Clean Energy Superhighway as the solution to global energy challenges, water shortages, levelling of electric power supply in the world, climate change and other environmental problems arising from the current fossil-fuel heavy global energy paradigm [1]. This project will tackle the key challenges and issues related to the field of PV putting forward the USTO perspective and promoting its R/D activities by a collaborative research plan between Japan and Algeria. This event also seeks to identify the most important challenges facing both the research and economic sectors and put forward new strategies that will identify the required skills to transform the research prospects of USTO based on the analysis and prospect of elementary processes and system design.     

过热器再热器爆漏事故的原因分析及对策

过热器、再热器爆漏事故严重影响了锅炉机组的安全性和经济性,而造成过热器、再热器爆漏事故的主要因素有超温爆管、磨损、高温腐蚀、热疲劳、质量失控等。通过对这些因素的主要原因和爆口特征的分析,提出了一些过热器、再热器爆漏事故的防治措施。     

A critical review of ash slagging mechanisms and viscosity measurement for low-rank coal and bio-slags

Gasification or combustion of coal and biomass is the most important form of power generation today. However, the use of coal/biomass at high temperatures has an inherent problem related to the ash generated. The formation of ash leads to a problematic phenomenon called slagging. Slagging is the accumulation of molten ash on the walls of the furnace, gasifier, or boiler and is detrimental as it reduces the heat transfer rate, and the combustion/gasification rate of unburnt carbon, causes mechanical failure, high-temperature corrosion and on occasions, superheater explosions. To improve the gasifier/combustor facility, it is very important to understand the key ash properties, slag characteristics, viscosity and critical viscosity temperature. This paper reviews the content, compositions, and melting characteristics of ashes in differently ranked coal and biomass, and discusses the formation mechanism, characteristics, and structure of slag. In particular, this paper focuses on low-rank coal and biomass that have been receiving increased attention recently. Besides, it reviews the available methodologies and formulae for slag viscosity measurement/prediction and summarizes the current limitations and potential applications. Moreover, it discusses the slagging behavior of different ranks of coal and biomass by examining the applicability of the current viscosity measurement methods to these fuels, and the viscosity prediction models and factors that affect the slag viscosity. This review shows that the existing viscosity models and slagging indices can only satisfactorily predict the viscosity and slagging propensity of high-rank coals but cannot predict the slagging propensity and slag viscosity of low-rank coal, and especially biomass ashes, even if they are limited to a particular composition only. Thus, there is a critical need for the development of an index, or a model or even a measurement method, which can predict/measure the slagging propensity and slag viscosity correctly for all low-rank coal and biomass ashes.     

塔架对风轮旋转过程中声场及流场的影响探究

基于压力脉动与声压之间的关系,利用Fluent数值模拟平台对风力机旋转过程中整机和单转子的声场和流场进行分析。对比2种模型的最大声压级位置,发现由于塔架的介入,整个模型的声场落后于流场约30°。分析塔旁y轴负向测点处压力脉动与声压级第1个峰值对应的方位角,结果发现在y/R=0.14、y/R=0.42、y/R=0.71与y/R=1时声压级（SPL）分别落后于压力脉动22°、5°、9°与18°。分析风力机旋转过程中两种模型塔附近监测点的声压级与压力脉动的变化趋势,结果表明：声压级振幅沿展向先增大后减小,在y/R=0.71处达到最大值;同样,在y/R=0.71时压力波动幅度最大。