脂肪醇醚的催化胺化及其季铵化衍生物的制备

描述了用带气相循环的１０Ｌ反应系统进行醇醚（ＡＥＯ３）的催化胺制备醚叔胺的工艺以及醇醚叔胺的氯甲烷季铵化反应,制得两种醇醚叔胺及其季铵化衍生物,其中双烷基醚胺含量〉７０％,单烷基醚含量〉６５％,两种季铵盐活化物浓度为４０％,未反应胺〈１．３％。     

季铵盐制备工艺评述

介绍季铵盐制备工艺,并对各种工艺的优缺点进行评述。     

酯基Gemini型季铵盐表面活性剂与AEO9的复配体系研究

通过考察酯基Gem in i型季铵盐表面活性剂Ⅱ-10-n(n=3,4,6)与十二烷基聚氧乙烯(9)醚(AEO9)的复配体系的表面活性发现,复配体系的临界胶团总浓度CMCT值介于二元复配体系中各组分的临界胶团浓度CMC01和CMC02之间。当溶液中含有少量AEO9时(在溶液体相中的摩尔分数α2=0.1),混合胶团中AEO9的摩尔分数均已超过0.35;随着溶液中AEO9含量的增大,混合胶团中逐渐以AEO9为主成分。复配体系的混合胶团聚集数介于二元复配体系中各组分的胶团聚集数之间,随着溶液中酯基Gem in i型季铵盐表面活性剂含量的增加,混合胶团聚集数逐渐减少。     

仲胺制双烷基季铵氯化物

介绍由仲胺制双烷基季铵氯化物的工业化实用技术，其中包括化学反应、设计方案及其讨论、工艺流程、主要设备、材质、技术、经济指标、投资估算。对我国相似产品现实生产具有指导意义。     

甘氨酸酯衍生物低聚季铵盐阳离子表面活性剂的研究

以氯乙酸乙二醇双酯、氯乙酸三羟甲基丙烷三酯、氯乙酸季戊四醇四酯和长链叔胺为原料 ,异丙醇为溶剂 ,合成了 3种甘氨酸酯衍生物低聚季铵盐阳离子表面活性剂 (SAA1、SAA2、SAA3) ,用IR谱、1HNMR谱表征了其结构 ,研究了其水溶液性质。结果表明 ,SAA1、SAA2、SAA3的CMC分别为 9 1× 10 -4 、6 4× 10 -4 和 1 2× 10 -4 mol/L ,低于相应的单季铵盐[H2 5C12 N(CH3 ) 2 CH2 COOC2 H5]+ Cl-(SAA0 )的CMC(8 9mmol/L) ,瞬时泡高分别为 16 2、16 7和 16 3mm ,高于SAA0的瞬时泡高 (15 7mm)。     

季铵盐及胺盐的性能与应用

本文评分论述季铵盐及胺盐型阳离子表面活性剂之特殊性能及其它们在一些领域中的应用。     

甲基碳酸酯季铵盐及其衍生物的研究进展

以碳酸二甲酯作为季铵化试剂替代传统的卤甲烷、硫酸二甲酯等有毒物质进行季铵化反应。主要介绍了各类叔胺与碳酸二甲酯进行季铵化反应的研究进展,同时对所制备的新型季铵盐类阳离子表面活性剂在制备不同阴离子季铵盐和高纯度季铵碱方面的应用进行了介绍,最后对过量的碳酸二甲酯和甲醇的回收与循环利用情况进行了说明,提出了今后研究工作的发展方向。     

十八烷基甲基二羟乙基溴化铵的应用性能研究

研究了合成的阳离子季铵盐表面活性剂十八烷基甲基二羟乙基溴化铵的乳化性能、泡沫性能、增溶性能、再润湿力、柔软性及白度、杀菌性及抗静电性等应用性能,其CMC值为3.18×10-5mol/L,表面张力为22.7 mN/m,Krafft点小于0℃。其增溶性能、杀菌性、再润湿性能优越,同时有较好的乳化性能、发泡力和柔软性能,对织物白度的影响较小。该阳离子表面活性剂可用于配置性能优良的洗涤剂、纺织助剂、杀菌剂。     

尼龙树脂高分子季铵盐的制备及其不溶性杀菌灭菌活性

尼龙6用4-溴丁酰氯活化,再与高分子聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)在有机溶剂中进行反应,使PEI共价接枝在载体上,然后用卤代烷对接枝在尼龙6上的PEI进行烷基化反应,使其形成具有杀菌功能的高分子季铵盐,制备出尼龙树脂固定化的高分子抗菌杀生剂。高分子抗菌杀生剂的抗菌灭藻性能的检测结果表明,作用30min对贵阳市雅河水中的异养菌、氨化细菌、反硝化细菌、亚硝化细菌的杀菌率在90%以上,真菌、硫酸盐还原菌的杀菌率在85%以上;对黑曲霉的杀菌率在84%,其作用24h可将小球藻基本杀灭。     

两种含羟基双季铵盐杀菌剂的合成与固定化

合成了可固定化双季铵盐1,5-双(二甲基烷基碘化铵)-3-戊醇(An,n为烷基侧链碳原子数,n=6、8、10、12、14、16、18)和4,5-双(二甲基烷基溴化铵)-1-戊醇(Bn)。通过比较性试验证明游离态A14和B12的各种抗菌特性(抗菌活性,对温度、pH等环境因素的稳定性)不但优于目前传统的单季铵盐洁尔灭(BAC)抗菌剂,而且抗真菌也优于噻苯咪唑(TBZ)。并初步证明了A14和B12的可固定性。     

Alkylation of Ammonium Salts Catalyzed by Imidazolium‐Based Ionic Liquid Catalysts

Quaternary ammonium salts were synthesized from ammonium salts and dialkyl carbonates over imidazolium ionic liquid catalysts. The reaction gave almost stoichiometric amounts of the quaternary ammonium salts for halides and nitrates. It was found that the electron‐donating property of the alkyl moieties of ammonium cations, the electrophilic nature of the alkyl group of the carbonate, the acidity of the acid that the anion of the ammonium salt corresponds to, and the steric hindrance of the ammonium salts and the dialkyl carbonates are the key factors that influence the yields of quaternary ammonium salts. Strong electron‐donating alkyl groups on the nitrogen atom of the ammonium salt, electron‐withdrawing groups on the methylene carbon of dialkyl carbonate, and weaker steric hindrance of the starting ammonium salts and dialkyl carbonates favor the alkylation reaction of ammonium salts.     

2-环氧基丙基三烷基季铵盐的合成

以高级叔胺和环氧氯丙烷为原料合成了几种阳离子季铵盐，该类季铵盐可以作为一些反应的催化剂，也可以作为一些化合物的中间体。对该类季铵盐的合成条件做了优化，得到反应的最佳条件，并应用红外光谱和元素分析对合成的化合物结构作了表证。     

黄腐酸阳离子表面活性剂的合成及性能研究

以风化煤中提取的黄腐酸为原料,进行季铵化反应制备阳离子表面活性剂。研究了投料比、反应温度、反应时间等对产品性能的影响。结果表明:黄腐酸阳离子表面活性剂合成的最佳工艺条件为黄腐酸、环氧丙基三甲基氯化铵质量比为2∶1,温度为60℃,反应时间3 h;在此条件下,黄腐酸季铵盐1%水溶液的表面张力为45.129mN/m,溶解百分比为99.3%,发泡性能具有明显改善。     

Synthesis, structure, thermal and mechanical properties of nanocomposites based on linear polymers and layered silicates modified by polymeric quaternary ammonium salts (ionenes)

Polymer–clay composites has been prepared by melt blending an organo-bentonite with linear polymers (polyamide, polysterene and polypropylene) in a disk-screw extruder. In first time organo-clay was prepared by surface treatment of Na-forms bentonite with polymeric quaternary ammonium salts (PQAS). XRD indicated that organo-bentonite layers were exfoliated and dispersed into polyamide and polystyrene. Addition of 2 wt% organo-bentonites (optimal concentration) to polyamide increased tensile strength by 53% and Sharpy impact by 140%. With the incorporation of 2 wt% organo-bentonites (optimal concentration) into polystyrene the tensile strength increased to 28% and the Sharpy impact increased to 25%. For polypropylyne–organo-bentonites composites we did not observe delamination of layered structure, and as result absence of reinforcements. TGA showed that the polyamide and polystyrene nanocomposites have higher decomposition temperature in comparison with the original polymers.     

Reactions of Living Polytetrahydrofuran with Amines V - Tertiary Amine Terminated Polybutadienes; The Synthesis of Novel Ionically Linked Block Copolymers

The reactions of mono- and difunctional tertiary amine ended polybutadienes with mono- and difunctional living cationic poly THF have been studied. It is shown that the reaction to form quaternary ammonium linking groups takes place rapidly in all cases, and AB. ABA, BAB and (AB) block copolymers have been prepared. The efficiency of the process is extremely high and the degree of conversion is essentially controlled by the efficiency with which the terminal tertiary amine groups can be introduced on to the polybutadiene. The block copolymers show anomalous behaviour on gel permeation chromatography columns and this has been related to a specific interaction of the created ionic groups with polar species on the column packing. This effect is greatest with (AB) block copolymers where substantial proportions are retained indefinitely on the columns.     

氨基磺酸水溶液中含羟基季铵盐类的缓蚀作用的研究

研究了合成的十二烷基二甲基（２－羟基）乙基氯化铵等含羟基季铵盐，对２０＾＃碳钢在１０％氨基磺酸水溶液中的缓蚀作用。结果表明：这一类季铵盐在酸性介质中有良好的缓蚀作用，随着烷基链的增长，缓蚀效率增加。