基于改进KNN算法的AVS到H.264/AVC 快速转码方法

尽管音视频编码标准(Audio and Video Coding Standard,AVS)的编码性能可以与H.264相媲美,但是H.264的应用范围更加广泛,因此视频由AVS标准转码成H.264标准具有很大的应用前景.目前,主流的转码方法是将AVS的分块模式与H.264的分块模式映射的方式降低转码复杂度,但是技术之间的差异导致这两种标准之间的分块模式并不是一一映射的关系,因此会导致编码效率大幅度降低.提出一种基于改进KNN(K最邻近节点)算法的AVS到H.264/AVC快速转码方法.充分利用了AVS码流中的各种信息,通过改进的KNN算法建立了中间信息和H.264分块模式之间的映射模型.根据AVS中运动矢量信息的差异自适应确定H.264可能的分块模式,实验结果表明上述问题得到有效解决,该算法在保证H.264编码效率的前提下大幅降低了转码复杂度.     

H.264/AVC解码器亚象素点插值滤波优化

亚象素点插值滤波是H.264/AVC解码过程中计算量比较大的步骤之一,大约占全部解码计算量的25%左右.通过分析插值滤波操作的计算复杂度,从算法级和结构级对亚象素点插值滤波进行了改进,对软件或硬件的实现都有较大的指导意义.在ARM9实验平台上进行了性能分析,实验表明,经过优化的亚象素点插值滤波比直接实现大约有43%的性能提高.     

H.264中一种基于矩阵分解的变换算法及硬件实现

H.264是新一代的视频编码标准，具有优秀的压缩性能。其获得优越性能的代价是运算复杂度的大幅增加，因此在实际应用上存在困难。使用专门的硬件设备是解决这个问题的方法之一。H．264标准中的整数变换运算适合使用硬件实现。首先对H，264标准中的整数变换运算进行介绍，针对H．264中的变换运算提出一种基于矩阵分解的快速并行算法。分析了该算法的结构，表明是符合H.264标准的一种快速算法。并对变换算法的硬件寡现进行了分析，表明这种硬件算法结构适合在实时编解码中应用。     

AVS解码器中帧内预测算法的硬件实现

概述了AVS视频编解码标准的帧内预测技术,重点分析了帧内预测各种预测模式的算法,并将AVS的帧内预测技术和H.264/AVC标准的帧内预测技术进行了算法复杂度和性能的比较.在此基础上,设计了一种AVS帧内预测模块的硬件实现.并提出了一种可并行处理的计算单元结构.     

H.264运动补偿插值算法的优化及硬件设计

运动补偿是H.264/AVC视频编码标准中重要的组成部分,而分数像素的运动补偿是其中最复杂的部分.因此提高分数像素的运算时间,减小运算的复杂度尤为重要.对原始的分数像素的插值算法进行了改进,将计算半像素所用传统的6阶滤波器改进为4阶滤波器,并使用了并行流水线的输入的方式,一次性可以处理输入的12个像素.该硬件结构采用Verilog进行描述并综合到Xilinx Virtex6FPGA器件.结果表明,所设计的半像素插值算法的硬件实现,其工作频率为213MHz,时钟周期数减少到36个,且硬件复杂度有所降低.     

基于快速预测映射的H.264到AVS转码

对H.264和AVS标准进行了比较,在总结几种通用的模式和运动矢量复用方法基础上,提出一种更简单也略微提高效率的H.264到AVS的快速预测转码方案,可有效降低算法复杂度.实验证明,此转码方案可以在PSNR损失极少的前提下提高编码效率.     

AVS和H.264通用IDCT模块的建模与验证

H.264和AVS协议在算法上有一定的相似性,IDCT算法的特性说明它适合被用来硬件加速.使用ARM的ESL工具SoC Designer,对AVS和H.264的算法模块IDCT进行复用建模,设计出一个能同时解码AVS和H.264码流的通用解码器的验证模型.     

基于TIDM642的一种H．264插值快速实现方法

H.264视频编码标准正在得到越来越广泛的运用。在H.264中,插值和运动估计的计算复杂度之和大概占到整个视频编码的50%以上。因此,如何降低插值和运动估计的计算复杂度是快速实现H.264的关键所在。针对DM642的硬件架构,尝试了一种新的插值数据结构。经过优化,对于插值过程本身,以及到后来计算运动矢量时的数据缺失引起的CPU数据挂起,都降低到了比较理想的水平。     

基于ARM ESL的AVS亮度插值的软硬件协同的研究

提出一种基于ARM ESL平台的软硬件协同的设计方法,并进行了整个AVS解码系统的设计和仿真验证.在具体的软硬件划分中,通过采用硬件加速AVS亮度插值模块,合并了二分与四分之一亮度插值的软件算法, 并用DMA控制器改进插值的硬件结构,从而改善了系统的整体性能.实验中比较十帧720x576的AVS解码图像在原始纯软件环境,同软硬件协同系统的仿真结果.仿真结果说明新的AVS解码系统的体系结构提高了AVS解码系统的整体性能,为AVS系统的软硬件协同设计提供了有益的参照.     

一种具有窄带干扰抑制能力的改进型LSL插值算法

本文提出了一种基于QR分解技术的最小二乘格形插值算法-QRD-LSL插值算法来抑制直扩系统中的窄带干扰.该算法利用直扩信号、噪声信号和窄带干扰信号数据样值间相关特性的差异,通过对直扩系统接收端数据样值序列进行插值运算来估计窄带干扰信号成分,从而达到抑制直扩系统中窄带干扰的目的.由于该算法引入了QR分解过程避免了对数据矩阵求逆运算,并引用动态范围较小的新变量参与阶递推运算,极大程度上提升了算法在稳态特征、收敛速度和计算复杂度等方面的性能.仿真结果表明:QRD-LSL插值算法较LSL插值算法和LSL预测算法至少可获得4dB的处理增益,且计算量与滤波阶数呈线性关系.     

Platform-independent MB-based AVS video standard implementation

AVS1-P2 is the newest video standard of Audio Video coding Standard (AVS) workgroup of China, which provides close performance to H.264/AVC main profile with lower complexity. In this paper, a platform-independent software package with macroblock-based (MB-based) architecture is proposed to facilitate AVS video standard implementation on embedded system. Compared with the frame-based architecture, which is commonly utilized for PC platform oriented video applications, the MB-based decoder performs all of the decoding processes, except the high-level syntax parsing, in a set of MB-based buffers with adequate size for saving the information of the current MB and the neighboring reference MBs to minimize the on-chip memory and to save the time consumed in on-chip/off-chip data transfer. By modifying the data flow and decoding hierarchy, simulating the data transfer between the on-chip memory and the off-chip memory, and modularizing the buffer definition and management for low-level decoding kernels, the MB-based system architecture provides over 80% reduction in on-chip memory compared to the frame-based architecture when decoding 720p sequences. The storage complexity is also analyzed by referencing the performance evaluation of the MB-based decoder. The MB-based decoder implementation provides an efficient reference to facilitate development of AVS applications on embedded system. The complexity analysis provides rough storage complexity requirements for AVS video standard implementation and optimization.     

AVS1-P7与H.264关键技术及性能比较

AVS1-P7是中国最近自主制定的数字音视频编解码系列标准(AVS)中的第七部分移动视频编码标准.本文详细论述了AVS1-P7和H.264采用关键编码技术的异同,给出了两者的性能比较,分析和探讨了AVS1-P7的应用前景、当前存在的问题和进一步研究方向.     

多标准宏块预测与边界强度计算的VLSI架构及应用

提出一种支持H.264 High Profile 4.1和AVS JiZhun Profile 6.0的多标准宏块预测与边界滤波强度计算的VLSI架构,该架构根据解码器的算法特点,实现了H.264和AVS标准中控制占优的帧内模式预测、帧间运动矢量预测以及边界滤波强度计算算法,能应用于当前的可重构多媒体系统.对该架构进行实现后,采用TSMC 65nm工艺综合,工作频率可达到312 MHz,解码一个H.264和AVS宏块最大分别消耗351和189个时钟周期,能够满足H.264和AVS高清(1080p)实时处理的需求.     

H.264编码器中1/4像素精度插值算法的VLSI实现

H.264视频编码标准中引入了1/4像素精度插值算法,大大提高了压缩效率,但同时使运算复杂度增加、存储带宽增大。针对以上问题,从运动估计的角度出发,采用一步插值法和数据复用技术,可使带宽减少26%,处理周期可减少45%;设计了相应的硬件结构:采用了5级流水线实现一步插值算法,通过输入缓冲单元实现了参考数据的复用;针对插值过程中产生的大量数据,采用乒乓操作结构,保证数据及时传递。该结构可以显著降低带宽,提高吞吐率,完全可以应用于实时编码器中。     

Fast algorithms for designing nearly optimal lookup tables for complexity control of the H.264 encoder

The H.264/AVC standard significantly improves video compression performance over earlier standards at the cost of increased complexity. In this paper, we present two offline algorithms for generating a lookup table of parameter settings that can be used by a complexity control algorithm for controlling the speed of the H.264 encoder. Our algorithms to design the lookup table of parameter settings take fewer than 2% of the number of encodings required by an exhaustive search of all possible parameter settings and find parameter settings that offer high peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) with low encoding time at a given bitrate. Our parameter settings are fairly robust over different videos and bitrates. We focus on low-resolution videos at bitrates less than 300 kb/s. We compare the performance of our algorithms to both exhaustive search and a multiobjective optimization algorithm. Our parameter settings improve the average encoding speed over the default parameter setting of the x264 encoder on both PC and cell phone platforms by up to 37.4 and 94.1%, respectively, with PSNR difference of up to 0.3 dB.     

Perceivable artifacts in compressed video and their relation to video quality

Compressed video is degraded in quality due to the introduction of coding artifacts. A two-step subjective experiment was performed to evaluate the most visible artifacts and their relation to video quality for AVS and H.264 compressed video. In the first step, non-expert viewers were requested to score the image quality degradation as a function of compression ratio for various video sequences and to indicate which artifact was perceived during scoring. During the second step, eight trained viewers were asked to score the strength of three artifacts, i.e., blurring, blocking, and color distortion, which were reported as the most perceivable artifacts in the first step of the experiment. The quality performance between AVS and H.264 was also compared. The analysis of covariance indicated that the quality performance between AVS and H.264 was very close. A linear regression analysis showed that for the CIF videos 96% of the variance in quality degradation could be predicted by linearly combining the normalized strengths of the three most visible artifacts.     

Context-based entropy coding in AVS video coding standard

In this paper, two context-based entropy coding schemes for AVS Part-2 video coding standard are presented. One is Context-based 2D Variable Length Coding (C2DVLC) as a low complexity entropy coding scheme for AVS Part-2 Jizhun profile. C2DVLC uses multiple 2D-VLC tables to exploit the statistical features of DCT coefficients for higher coding efficiency. Exponential–Golomb codes are applied in C2DVLC to code the pairs of the run-length of zero coefficients and the non-zero coefficients for lower storage requirement. The other is Context-based Binary Arithmetic Coding (CBAC) as an enhanced entropy coding scheme for AVS Part-2 Jiaqiang profile. CBAC utilizes all previously coded coefficient magnitudes in a DCT block for context modeling. This enables adaptive arithmetic coding to exploit the redundancy of the high-order Markov process in DCT domain with a few contexts. In addition, a context weighting technique is used to further improve CBAC's coding efficiency. Moreover, CBAC is designed to be compatible to C2DVLC in coding elements which simplifies the implementations. The experimental results demonstrate that both C2DVLC and CBAC can achieve comparable or even slightly higher coding performance when compared to Context-Adaptive Variable Length Coding (CAVLC) in H.264/AVC baseline profile and Context-Based Adaptive Binary Arithmetic Coding (CABAC) in H.264/AVC main profile respectively.