基于中国剩余定理的可验证理性秘密共享方案

针对目前理性秘密共享方案不能动态添加和删除参与者的问题,结合博弈论和密码学理论,提出一种动态理性秘密共享方案。方案基于中国剩余定理,在秘密重构过程,可以动态添加和删除参与者,另外方案采用可验证的随机函数,能检验参与者的欺骗行为。参与者不知当前轮是否是测试轮,偏离协议没有遵守协议的收益大,理性的参与者有动机遵守协议,最终每位参与者公平地得到秘密。方案不需要可信者参与,满足弹性均衡,能防止成员间的合谋攻击。     

常数轮公平理性秘密共享方案

在理性秘密共享方案中,公平性是所有参与者期望的目标。基于均匀分组原理研究了常数轮理性秘密共享方案,结合双线性对有关知识和双变量单向函数构造知识承诺方案,该方案是可验证的,以此来检验分发者和参与者的欺骗问题。分发者分给各组参与者的子秘密份额数量最多相差1,有效约束参与者的偏离行为。参与者按照协议执行4轮即可实现公平重构秘密,一定程度上降低了公平理性秘密共享方案的通信复杂度,具有一定应用价值。     

基于广义接入结构的可证实多秘密共享方案

针对当前多数秘密共享方案存在着增加或删除成员时必须重新计算其它成员的秘密份额等问题,提出了一个基于广义接入结构的高效的多秘密分享方案。在该方案中秘密管理者可高效地增加或删除成员,无须重新计算其它成员的秘密份额。此外,该方案不仅可高效地检测秘密管理者与参与者的欺诈行为,而且参与者可采用并行算法恢复子秘密。     

理性多秘密分享

主要研究已有的理性秘密共享方案中存在的参与者欺骗问题,在以往的理性秘密分享方案中,理性参与者为了最大化自己的利益选择发送自己的子秘密,如果存在参与者发送错误的子秘密则共享秘密不能被重构,这对其他诚实的参与者来说是不公平的;针对此问题,提出将欺骗者从参与重构的集合中排除的解决方案,以保证对其他诚实的参与者的公平性,在方案中使用承诺值来验证本轮是否为有意义轮,利用单向函数来验证参与者发送的子秘密的正确性.结合多秘密分享,提出了一个对诚实的参与者公平的理性多秘密分享方案.     

非线性一次一密(t,n)门限秘密共享方案

针对本身不安全的线性算法构造的门限秘密共享方案存在安全漏洞的问题,以及可信方的参与容易导致单点故障和不可靠情形,结合非线性算法和密码学理论,提出一种无可信方的非线性门限秘密共享方案。方案基于混沌算法和有限状态自动机两种非线性结构,子密钥的产生具有随机性和动态性,参与者可控制每一轮的子密钥来实现一次一密或N次一密安全级别。秘密恢复由拉格朗日插值公式来实现。安全多方计算使各参与者相互牵制,不需可信方参与,满足弹性均衡,可防欺骗与合谋攻击。     

一种公平的理性秘密共享方案

秘密共享交互过程中存在成员欺骗问题,现有的理性秘密共享方案的惩罚机制过于严厉,鲁棒性差。针对该问题提出一种公平的理性秘密共享方案。方案给出一种改进的惩罚机制,通过多轮交互秘密份额,能有效识别并阻止成员欺骗。与之前的理性秘密共享方案不同,改进的惩罚机制不仅能更好地保障诚实成员的利益,同时也给予欺骗者一个改过的机会,具有更好的鲁棒性和公平性。     

定期更新防欺诈的秘密共享方案

(k,n)门限秘密共享方案是在n个参与者中共享秘密K的方法，以这个方法，任何k个参与者都能计算出K的值，但少于k个参与者就不能计算出K的值，它在实际当中有广泛的应用，该文利用离散对数问题的难解性，提出了一个定期更新防欺诈的(k,n)，门限秘密共享方案，它在保持共享秘密不变的情况下定期对子秘密进行更新，每个参与者可以对自己的子秘密及其他成员出示的子秘密进行验证，不但能有效阻止敌手窃取秘密或子秘密，也能有效地防止内部成员之间的互相欺诈，由于该方案在初始化阶段和子秘密更新阶段始终有一位值得信赖的分发者参与，从而减少了数据传输量和总计算量。     

二次剩余下改进He-Dawson的多秘密共享方案

研究了He-Dawson所提出的基于单向函数的多步骤秘密共享方案,指出该方案是一次方案而且不能抵抗合谋攻击,结合基于身份验证的密码学多秘密共享方案和利用二次剩余构造的数字签名方案,提出了一种利用二次剩余构造一个多秘密共享方案,该方案功能是一种(t,n)门限的多秘密共享方案。该方案中,由秘密分发者分发秘密,但每个参与者可以验证由秘密分发者分发的秘密,可以防止秘密分发者的欺骗,并且每个参与者能够验证其他合作者的欺骗。另外,每个参与者选取的子秘密可以复用,组秘密可以以任意顺序重构,同时该方案还能够抵抗合谋攻击。其安全性是基于Shamir门限方案和RSA密钥体制。在大整数分解困难离散对数难分解等问题的假设下,证明了提出的方案是安全的。     

基于安全多方计算的数字作品所有权证明

数字作品的所有权证明允许在不泄漏任何秘密信息和防止所有者欺骗的前提下,对版权声明进行验证.提出一种基于Proactive可验证秘密共享和安全多方计算的数字作品所有权证明方案.在该方案中,可验证秘密共享,保证了所有权秘密的正确性,并防止对协议参与者的欺骗.通过Proactive安全提供自动恢复功能来保证协议生存周期内秘密的完整性和安全性.使用安全多方计算和同态承诺的零知识证明,实现了所有权验证.在不假设可信方存在的前提下,所提出方案能够在没有太多成员合谋的情况下,完成有效计算并发现不忠实成员.     

对基于单向函数的He-Dawson多步骤秘密共享方案的改进

在(t,n)门限秘密共享方案中,有n个参与者,至少t个参与者拿出自己的子秘密就能够同时重构m个秘密.He-Dawson提出了一个基于单向函数的多步骤秘密共享方案.但是他们的方案是一次方案而且不能抵抗合谋攻击.每个参与者的子秘密由参与者自己选取,所以不存在秘密分发者的欺骗.并且每个参与者能够验证其他合作者的欺骗.每个参与者选取的子秘密可以复用.并且组秘密可以以任意顺序重构.此方案还能够抵抗合谋攻击.本方案的安全是基于Shamir门限方案和RSA密钥体制.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.