增强增韧PA6复合材料共混工艺与结构性能的研究

研究共混挤出温度、螺杆转速、螺杆组合三大因素对增强增韧PA6复合材料的结构与性能的影响。发现采用合适的挤出温度、螺杆转速及螺杆组合可制备高强度、高韧性PA6复合材料,其缺口冲击强度可达35 kJ/m2,拉伸强度达到130 MPa。     

挤出工艺及螺杆组合对膨胀阻燃PP性能的影响

利用无卤膨胀阻燃剂对聚丙烯(PP)进行改性,研究了不同挤出工艺参数(温度、螺杆转速、喂料量)及螺杆组合对无卤膨胀阻燃PP材料性能[熔体流动速率(MFR)、力学性能、阻燃性能、颜色等]的影响。结果表明,随着喂料量的增加,材料的MFR、断裂伸长率和缺口冲击强度总体呈下降趋势,适宜的喂料量为60 kg/h;随着螺杆转速的增加,材料的MFR逐渐提高,断裂伸长率、缺口冲击强度和极限氧指数呈现先增加后降低的趋势,材料颜色逐渐变黄;随着挤出温度升高,材料的断裂伸长率和缺口冲击强度呈现先升高后降低的趋势;使用弱剪切螺杆组合时阻燃剂分散性能较差,使用集中强剪切螺杆组合时容易导致材料降解,使用分散多段剪切的螺杆组合时,材料的断裂伸长率、缺口冲击强度提升显著,分别比弱剪切螺杆组合生产的材料提高了80%和40.5%。当喂料量为60 kg/h、螺杆转速为500 r/min、挤出温度为180~200℃并采用分散多段剪切的螺杆组合时,无卤膨胀阻燃PP材料的综合性能最优。     

PET瓶片反应挤出后的特性黏度变化

研究了聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)瓶片在熔融挤出过程中取样时间、螺筒温度、螺杆转速、缩聚段真空度、扩链剂用量、瓶片含水量等对挤出产物特性黏度(η)的影响。结果表明:提高螺杆转速、降低螺筒温度、提高缩聚段真空度,都有利于提高挤出产物的η;填加少量的扩链剂均苯四甲酸二酐,可以使挤出产物的η达到0.83dL/g;当瓶片含水量低于2.0%时,使用该试验型反应挤出机不影响挤出产物的η,瓶片含水量高时会略微降低产物的η。     

销钉机筒单螺杆挤出机功耗的模拟研究

采用流体力学计算软件Fluent，在对销钉机筒冷喂料挤出机熔融段和计量段的胶料进行三维流动数值模拟的基础上，考察螺杆转速、反向压差、销钉数量、销钉排间距和螺槽深度对挤出量和螺杆转矩的影响。结果表明，螺杆转速是影响挤出机功耗的首要因素，随着转速增大，挤出量增大，功耗和功耗比（螺杆转矩与挤出量之比）下降；反向压差对挤出量、螺杆转矩和功耗比有一定影响，反向压差越大，功耗比越大；每排销钉数量对对功耗比影响不大；销钉排间距对挤出机功耗比有较为明显的影响，若只考虑产量和功耗，则销钉排间距越大越好。     

螺杆转速对热熔挤出吲哚美辛混合性能的影响

热熔挤出技术已成为一种制备药物固体分散体的新方法，螺杆转速作为挤出过程中的工艺参数对药物的混合具有重要影响。以吲哚美辛(INM)和聚乙二醇(PEG10000)为原料，设计了挤出机混合段螺杆构型，采用Polyflow进行数值模拟，基于加权平均剪切应力、累积最大剪切应力分布、累计停留时间分布和平均回流系数，分析螺杆转速对INM混合性能的影响。同时，以INM为原料药，采用热熔挤出技术制备了不同螺杆转速下的挤出样品，使用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和溶出实验对样品进行表征。结果表明，在一定范围内，随着螺杆转速的增大，药物的分散混合和分布混合性能增强，但是，螺杆转速较大会导致药物分布混合性能降低，不利于药物的混合。     

工艺条件对沥青炭纤维/ABS树脂复合材料导电性及力学性能的影响

研究了单螺杆挤出机挤出温度及螺杆转速对沥青炭纤维填充ＡＢＳ树脂复合材料导电性及力学性能的影响。结果表明,纤维经挤出后,纤维长度有不同程度的降低,长径比减小,随着挤出的升高及螺杆转速的降低,纤维长径比增大,挤出条件对复合材料电性能及力学性能的影响主要可归结为长径比对材料的影响,随着长径比增加,复合材料的导电性及拉伸强度均有增大。此外,复合材料导电性及拉伸强度随复合材料中纤维填加量的增多而增大。     

发泡工艺技术对淀粉发泡的影响

研究了烘焙发泡、挤出发泡和模压发泡成型工艺条件对淀粉发泡的影响,讨论了不同发泡温度、发泡时间、螺杆转速、模压时间及发泡剂用量对发泡倍率的影响。研究表明:在一定范围内,提高发泡温度、时间、螺杆转速及发泡剂用量,有利于淀粉的发泡倍率的增加。比较3种工艺条件,淀粉的烘焙发泡综合性能最佳。     

工艺参数对PP挤出发泡泡孔结构的影响

研究了螺杆转速、机头口模形状以及机头温度对挤出发泡聚丙烯(PP)泡孔结构的影响。结果表明：在挤出发泡过程中，一定配方、机头形状和温度下，螺杆转速存在最佳值；机头形状越有利于建立高压，制得的泡沫的泡孔越细密均匀且发泡倍率越高；机头口模温度在保证顺利挤出情况下．越低越有利于制得高发泡倍率的泡沫。     

基于BP神经网络的淀粉EVA复合材料挤出胀大比预测模型及应用

以淀粉和乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物(EVA)为原料制备生物质复合材料,研究了模口温度、螺杆转速及EVA含量对挤出胀大现象的影响,并应用人工神经网络技术建立双层BP神经网络模型,将正交实验结果作为样本带入模型进行训练。经反复训练,修正误差后对复合材料的挤出胀大比进行预测。结果表明,该神经网络模型能较为准确的预测复合材料的挤出胀大比;随着模口温度的升高,或螺杆转速的下降,或EVA含量的降低,复合材料的挤出胀大比逐渐减小。     

低发泡HIPS挤出成型工艺的研究

利用试验设计方法研究了HIPS低发泡过程中,挤出温度及螺杆转速对发泡制品的表现密度,泡孔尺寸,泡孔尺寸均匀度以及制品强度的影响,实验结果表明：随着扩是出温度的提高,制品的表观密度会有所升高;螺杆转速与挤出温度对表观密度的影响存在交互作用,在较高的温度下,螺杆转速对表观密度没有显著的景,是在较低的温度下,随着螺杆转速的提高,表观密度会有所增大,另外,螺杆转速对泡孔尺寸以及泡孔尺寸分布均匀度有较显著的影响,随着螺杆转速的扣高,泡孔尺寸大小降低,并且泡孔尺寸均匀度提高,因而制品的强度较大,温度的提高对泡孔的尺寸影响不大,但使泡孔尺寸均匀度下降,在所研究的工艺条件范围内,选择较低的挤出温度及较高的螺杆转速有利于得到性能较好的低发泡制品。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

Inorganic/organic nanocomposite coatings: The next step in coating performance

Inorganic/organic hybrid materials have considerable promise and are beginning to become a major area of research for many coating usages, including abrasion and corrosion resistance. Our primary approach is to prepare the inorganic phase in situ within the film formation process of the organic phase. The inorganic phase is introduced via sol-gel chemistry into a thermosetting organic phase. By this method, the size, periodicity, spatial positioning, and density of the inorganic phase can be controlled. An important aspect of the inorganic/organic hybrid materials is the coupling agent. The initial task of the coupling agent is to provide uniform mixing of the oligomeric organic phase with the sol-gel precursors, which are otherwise immiscible. UV-curable inorganic/organic hybrid systems have the advantages of a rapid cure and the ability to be used on heat sensitive substrates such as molded plastics. Also, it is possible to have better control of the growth of the inorganic phase using UV curing. It is our ultimate goal to completely separate the curing of inorganic and organic phases to gain complete control over the morphology, and hence optimization of “all” the coating properties. Thus far, it has been found that concomitant UV curing of the inorganic and organic phases using titanium sol-gel precursors afforded nanocomposite coatings which completely block the substrate from UV light while maintaining a transparent to visible light. Also, it has been found that the morphology of the inorganic phase is highly dependent on the concentration and reactivity of the coupling agent. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Some Large Wood-Boring Beetles in Southeastern USA

Ethanol and α-pinene were tested as attractants for large wood-boring pine beetles in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina in 2002–2004. Multiple-funnel traps baited with (−)-α-pinene (released at about 2 g/d at 25–28°C) were attractive to the following Cerambycidae: Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus rusticus nubilus, Asemum striatum, Monochamus titillator, Prionus pocularis, Xylotrechus integer, and X. sagittatus sagittatus. Buprestis lineata (Buprestidae), Alaus myops (Elateridae), and Hylobius pales and Pachylobius picivorus (Curculionidae) were also attracted to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. In many locations, ethanol synergized attraction of the cerambycids Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus r. nubilus, Monochamus titillator, and Xylotrechus s. sagittatus (but not Asemum striatum, Prionus pocularis, or Xylotrechus integer) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. Similarly, attraction of Alaus myops, Hylobius pales, and Pachylobius picivorus (but not Buprestis lineata) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene was synergized by ethanol. These results provide support for the use of traps baited with ethanol and (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common large wood-boring beetles from the southeastern region of the USA at ports-of-entry in other countries, as well as forested areas in the USA.