吹塑工艺对改性共聚尼龙/高密度聚乙烯中空吹塑瓶阻隔性能的影响

将由乙烯-丙烯酸酯-马来酸酐共聚物(CP)与共聚尼龙(PA-54)在双螺杆挤出机中反应共混制得的改性共聚尼龙(MCOPA)与高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)通过层状共混工艺制备高阻隔性中空吹塑瓶。研究表明,吹塑工艺对阻隔瓶的阻隔性能具有很大的影响。     

共混型阻隔容器专用料配方及成型工艺的研究

将高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)、相容剂、尼龙以及其他助剂以适当配比干混后,在普通吹塑成型机上制得具有阻隔性能的中空制品。通过对制品阻隔性能、机械性能及制品剖面扫描电子显微照片的分析,研究了成型工艺、相容剂与尼龙的配混比例以及尼龙加入量对制品性能的影响。     

HDPE／PA共混物吹塑容器的结构与性能

利用扫描电子显微镜研究了高密度聚乙烯/尼龙共混物吹塑容器壁的形态结构。通过对阻隔容器壁的二甲苯渗透性能测定,分析了共混物组成及成型加工工艺条件对阻隔容器阻隔性能的影响。     

改性HDPE阻隔容器开发

以高密度聚乙烯和尼龙为主要原料，接枝聚乙烯为相容剂，采用吹塑成型工艺制备了具有层状结构的阻隔性容器。通过扫描电子显微镜对阻隔容器壁面的结构形态进行了分析，并对阻隔容器的阻渗性能进行了测定。尼龙分散相在基体中形成了层状分布，对二甲苯的渗透性起到明显的阻隔作用，相容剂质量分数为８％时渗透率最小。将ＨＤＰＥ、ＰＡ、相容剂等经机械混合后，直接熔融挤出吹塑成型的阻隔容器渗透率仅为０．３％。     

PA66/12 T共聚尼龙的研究

将PA66和PA12T熔融共聚,制备的共聚物可用作阻隔材料,研究了共聚物的制备和成膜工艺.试验表明,相比于单一尼龙,共聚物的熔点和黏度降低,更有利于成型加工,为后期进行阻隔性能测试以及其他性能的测试打下基础.     

偏二氯乙烯-氯乙烯共聚树脂的阻隔性

介绍了聚偏二氯乙烯-氯乙烯（VDC—VC）共聚树脂的阻隔特性及原理,分析了聚合过程、添加剂配方、成型加工工艺等对PVDC阻隔性能的影响。认为采用综合改进措施可以获得阻隔性能优异的PVDC制品。PVDC共聚树脂的未来发展将以多层共挤树脂为方向。     

PET/PET-co-PEN共混物的中空吹塑研究

介绍聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)／PET共聚聚萘二甲酸乙二酯(PET—co—PEN)共混物的成型加工特性，探讨利用加工PET的设备、两步法注射拉伸吹塑工艺，生产耐热和阻隔PET／PET-co-PEN共混物制品的可行性。结果表明，为了得到理想的制品外观和性能，需要对挤出螺杆、加工工艺参数、型坯设计和拉伸比进行改进。     

可满足新工艺要求的新材料

2012年4月,美国塑料工程师协会(SPE)在美国佛罗里达州奥兰多举办了ANTEC年度技术会议。许多会议论文探讨了针对新材料或特殊材料扩大其标准塑料加工工艺应用前景的可能性。值得关注的是5个应用实例:采用降低制品重量的新方法生产微孔发泡注射成型制品、加入机粘土和铜纳米颗粒后阻隔和抗菌性能更强的挤出吹塑薄膜、加入热塑性淀粉符合可生物再生要求的吹塑瓶、满足耐高温工程领域要求的液晶聚合物热成型、以超声波焊接为方法粘结生物复合材料。     

单体浇铸尼龙的增韧改性研究

本论文论述了单体浇铸尼龙的增韧改性制备方法，在绝热条件下通过己内酰胺与十二内酰胺活化阴离子共聚制得冲击强度显著改善的浇铸尼龙制品。探讨了增韧改性单体浇铸尼龙的合成工艺、反应条件及聚合成型过程，研究了十二内酰胺共聚单体对制品试样球晶结构和机械性能的影响。     

高阻隔耐热PET瓶材料的制备与性能研究

分析了微观相态结构与气体阻隔性能在分散相下的关系,并比较了在不同配比成分下PET/MXD6和PET/EVOH两种共混体系的气体阻隔性,提出了优化的配方方案,制备出高阻隔耐热的PET瓶材料,并通过注射-拉伸-吹塑成型PET瓶。     

PE／PA层化阻透瓶的微观结构和渗透性能

讨论了阻透专用料中聚酰胺和相容剂含量对PE/PA层化阻透瓶微观结构和渗透性能的影响 ,结果表明 ,这两种成分对阻透瓶瓶壁的结构有显著影响 ,进而成为影响其渗透性能的关键因素。当聚酰胺含量为C ,相容剂含量为M 3时 ,可以获得良好的阻透性能。在要求长期阻透性能的场合 ,采用高聚酰胺含量 (>10 % )可以提高阻透瓶的耐渗透稳定性。     

White spirit permeation resistance of polyethylene,polyethylene/modified polyamide,and polyethylene/blends of modified polyamide and ethylene vinyl alcohol bottles

The main objective of this study was to investigate the barrier properties of polyethylene (PE), PE/modified polyamide (MPA), and PE/blends of modified polyamide and ethylene vinyl alcohol (MPAEVOH) bottles against white spirit permeation. After MPAEVOH barrier resins were blended with PE, the resistance of the PE/MPAEVOH bottles against white spirit permeation was significantly improved compared to the PE bottle. Surprisingly, with proper compositions of MPAEVOH resins, the white spirit permeation resistance of PE/MPAEVOH bottles at 40°C improved by more than 3000 times compared to the PE bottle, wherein the best permeation resistance (4200 times barrier improvement) of the PE/MPAEVOH bottles was found as the weight ratio of MPA : EVOH reached 4:1. These interesting permeation properties of PE/MPAEVOH bottles were investigated in terms of the barrier and free‐volume properties of the base resins and their corresponding morphologies in blow‐molded bottles. POLYM. ENG. SCI. 45:25–32, 2005. © 2004 Society of Plastics Engineers.     

Gasoline Permeation Resistance of Containers of Polyethylene,Polyethylene/Modified Polyamide and Polyethylene/Blends of Modified Polyamide and Ethylene Vinyl Alcohol

An investigation of the gasoline permeation resistance of polyethylene (PE), polyethylene/modified polyamide (MPA), and polyethylene/blends of modified polyamide and ethylene vinyl alcohol (MPAEVOH) bottles is reported. The gasoline permeation resistance improves slightly after blending EVOH barrier resins in PE matrices during blow‐molding, wherein only broken and less demarcated EVOH laminas were found on the fracture surfaces of the PE/EVOH bottle. In contrast, much better permeation resistance and more clearly defined MPA and MPAEVOH laminas were found for PE/MPA and PE/MPAEVOH bottles, respectively. The gasoline barrier properties and MPAEVOH laminar structures of PE/MPAEVOH bottles improve and become more demarcated, respectively, as the MPA contents present in MPAEVOH resins increase. In fact, by using the proper composition, the gasoline permeation rate of PE/MPAEVOH bottles is about 450 and 3 times slower than that of the PE and PE/MPA bottles, respectively. These interesting gasoline barrier and morphological properties of PE, PE/MPA and PE/MPAEVOH were investigated in terms of melt shear viscosities and thermal properties of the base resins, and the chemical and physical amorphous phase structure present in their corresponding bottles.     

Effects of composition of modified polyamide on barrier properties of polyethylene/modified polyamide blends

A systematic study on the effects of types and contents of compatibilizer precursors (CPs) on degrees of crystallinity (W_c), melt shear viscosities (η_s), and permeation barrier properties of modified polyamides (MPAs) and on their corresponding morphology and barrier properties of bottles blow-molded from polyethylene (PE)/MPA blends is reported. Two alkylcarboxyl-substituted polyolefins were selected as CPs to modify PA and to improve its permeation resistance to xylene by the “reactive extrusion” process. The barrier improvements of MPAs prepared in this study depend significantly on the type and content of CP present in the MPA. A maximum improvement in barrier properties of each MPA series samples were found as the contents of CP reached an “optimum” value. On the other hand, it is interesting to note that bottles blow-molded from PE/MPA series samples exhibited better barrier properties because the MPAs used were associated with better permeation resistance to xylene. The melt shear viscosities of MPAs were found to depend on the type of CP used and increase with increasing CP contents. In contrast, the W_c of MPAs decreased with increasing CP contents. Further analysis of the fracture surfaces of bottles blow-molded from PE/MPA blends also indicated that the morphology of MPA laminas depended on the type of CP present in the MPA, and these MPA laminar structures became clearer as the contents of CPs increased. Possible mechanisms accounting for the interesting behaviors described above are discussed. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 64: 1531–1540, 1997     

Oxygen permeation resistance of polyethylene,polyethylene/ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer,polyethylene/modified ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer,and polyethylene/modified polyamide–ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer bottles

The oxygen permeation resistance of polyethylene (PE), polyethylene/ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer (PE/EVOH), polyethylene/modified ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer (PE/MEVOH), and polyethylene/modified polyamide–ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer (PE/MPAEVOH) bottles was investigated. The oxygen permeation resistance improved significantly after the blending of ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer (EVOH) barrier resins in PE matrices during blow molding; less demarcated EVOH laminas were found on the fracture surfaces of the PE/EVOH bottles. Surprisingly, the oxygen permeation resistance of the PE/MEVOH bottles decreased significantly, although more clearly defined modified ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer (MEVOH) laminas were found for the PE/MEVOH bottles as the compatibilizer precursor contents present in the MEVOH resins increased. In contrast, after the blending of modified polyamide (MPA) in EVOH resins, more demarcated modified polyamide–ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer (MPAEVOH) laminar structures were observed in the PE/MPAEVOH bottles as the MPA contents present in the MPAEVOH resins increased. In fact, with proper MPAEVOH compositions, the oxygen permeation resistance of the PE/MPAEVOH bottles was even better than that of the PE/EVOH bottles. These interesting oxygen barrier and morphological properties of the PE, PE/EVOH, PE/MEVOH, and PE/MPAEVOH bottles were investigated in terms of the free volumes, barrier properties, and molecular interactions in the amorphous‐phase structures of the barrier resins present in their corresponding bottles. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 92: 2528–2537, 2004     

Gasoline Permeation Resistance of Polypropylene, Polypropylene/Ethylene Vinyl Alcohol, Polypropylene/Modified Polyamide, and Polypropylene/Blends of Modified Polyamide and Ethylene Vinyl Alcohol Containers

An investigation of the gasoline permeation resistance of the as-blow-molded polypropylene, polypropylene/ethylene vinyl alcohol (PP/EVOH), polypropylene/modified polyamide (PP/MPA) and polypropylene/blends of modified polyamide and ethylene vinyl alcohol (PP/MPAEVOH) bottles is reported. The gasoline permeation resistance improves slightly after blending EVOH barrier resins in PP matrices during blow-molding, wherein only broken and less demarcated EVOH laminas were found on the fracture surfaces of the PP/EVOH bottle. In contrast, much better permeation resistance and more clearly defined MPA and MPAEVOH laminas were found for PP/MPA and PP/MPAEVOH bottles, respectively. The gasoline barrier properties and MPAEVOH laminar structures of PP/MPAEVOH bottles improve and become more demarcated, respectively, as the MPA contents present in MPAEVOH resin increase. In fact, by using the proper composition, the gasoline permeation rate of PP/MPAEVOH bottle is about 113 and 11 times slower than that of the as-blow-molded PP and PP/MPA bottles, respectively. In order to understand these interesting gasoline barrier and morphological properties descried above, the melt shear viscosities, thermal properties, wide-angle X-ray diffraction patterns and Fourier-transform infrared spectra of the base resins used in these bottle specimens were investigated.     

Paint Solvent Permeation Resistance of Polyethylene,Polyethylene/Polyamide and Polyethylene/Modified Polyamide Bottles

The main objective of this study is to investigate the barrier mechanisms and properties of polyethylene, polyethylene (PE)/polyamide (PA) and polyethylene/modified polyamide (MPA) bottles against paint solvent permeation. In addition to the paint mixed solvent, the barrier properties of these bottles against the permeation of pure main solvents contained in the paint mixed solvent were investigated to understand the permeation mechanisms of the paint solvents. The paint solvent permeation resistance improves dramatically after blending PA and MPA barrier resins in PE matrices during blow‐molding. In fact, by using proper compositions, the white spirit permeation rates of PE/MPA and PE/PA bottles at 40°C are about 360 and 50 times slower than that of the PE bottle, respectively. Further investigations showed that, after blending the MPA and PA barrier resins in PE matrices, the hydrocarbon solvents present in the white spirit were nearly blocked without permeation during the permeation tests, i. e., PE/MPA bottles inhibited the permeation of hydrocarbon solvents more successfully than PE/PA bottles. In contrast, the rates of polar solvents with ketone, ether and alcohol functional groups permeating through the PE bottles are much slower than that of the white spirit and only slightly faster than those through the PE/PA and PE/MPA bottles. On the other hand, the paint mixed solvent permeation rates of PE bottles are approximately equal to the summation of permeation rates of the solvents present in mixed solvents calculated using a simple mixing rule. Somewhat surprising, the permeation rates of mixed solvents of PE/MPA bottles are dramatically faster than those calculated using a simple mixing rule, when the polar solvent contents are in a certain range.     

Polar and Non-Polar Solvent Permeation Resistance of Blow-Molded Bottles of Polyethylene/Blends of Modified Polyamide and Polyamide 6 Clay Nanocomposite

Investigations on white spirit and acetone permeation resistance of modified polyamide and nylon 6 clay (MPANYC) blends and their corresponding polyethylene/MPANYC bottles were reported in this study. The white spirit and acetone permeation resistance of MPANYC sheets improve consistently with increasing NYC contents present in MPANYC resins after blending nylon 6 clay (NYC) in modified polyamide (MPA) resins. However, the order of barrier improvement of the PE/MPANYC and PE/NYC bottle specimens is not corresponding to the order of barrier improvement of the MPANYC and/or NYC barrier resins added in PE. The blow-molded PE/NYC bottle specimen exhibits similarly worse white spirit and acetone solvent permeation resistance as the PE bottle specimen, wherein no clearly formed NYC laminas but only dispersed NYC droplets or agglomerates were found on the fracture surfaces of the PE/NYC bottles. However, after blending optimum compositions of MPANYC in PE, the PE/MPANYC bottles with demarcated MPANYC laminas exhibit significantly better white spirit and acetone permeation resistance than the PE/MPA bottle, wherein the white spirit and acetone permeation rates of the PE/MPA₈NYC₁ bottle are about 1.3 and 1.4 times slower than those of the PE/MPA bottle, respectively. In order to understand these interesting barrier properties of PE/MPANYC and PE/NYC bottles, rheological, thermal, wide angle X-ray diffraction and morphological properties of the base MPANYC and NYC resins and their corresponding morphology present in the blow-molded bottles were investigated.     

Barrier resistance of polyethylene,polyethylene/modified polyamide,and polyethylene/blends of modified polyamide and ethylene vinyl alcohol bottles against permeation of polar and nonpolar mixed solvents

The main objective of this study is to investigate the barrier properties and mechanisms of polyethylene (PE), PE/modified polyamide (MPA), and PE/blends of MPA and ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer (MPAEVOH) bottles against permeation of polar/nonpolar (acetone/white spirit) mixed solvents. The mixed solvent permeation resistance improves dramatically after blending MPA and MPAEVOH barrier resins in PE matrices during blow molding. By using the proper MPAEVOH compositions, the white spirit permeation rate of PE/MPAEVOH bottles at 40°C can be about 145 times slower than that of the PE bottle specimen; however, it is still 2.5 times faster than that of the PE/MPA bottles. In contrast, the rate of polar acetone solvent permeation through the PE bottle is much slower than that of white spirit and only slightly faster than that through the PE/MPA and PE/MPAEVOH bottle specimens. In contrast, the permeation rates of acetone/white spirit mixed solvents into PE/MPA bottles are at least 20–60 times faster than the summation permeation rates calculated using the simple mixing rule when the acetone contents in the mixed solvents are between 10 and 70 wt %. It is somewhat interesting that, after blending the proper amounts of EVOH in MPA, the mixed solvent permeation rates of PE/MPAEVOH bottles are dramatically reduced and are very close to the summation permeation rates calculated using the simple mixing rule when the acetone contents are in the particular “window” range. These interesting barrier properties of PE/MPA and PE/MPAEVOH bottle specimens were investigated in terms of the free volumes, barrier properties, molecular interactions in the amorphous phases of the barrier resins, and their resulting morphological structures that present in their corresponding bottles. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 97: 1333–1344, 2005