成核剂含量对PS发泡复合材料泡孔形态的影响

在聚苯乙烯(PS)加入不同含量的成核剂,用自行研制的动态发泡模拟机研究了成核剂含量对PS发泡复合材料泡孔形态的影响。研究发现,成核剂有助于PS发泡材料形成大量成核点,泡孔成核更容易;并且PS中成核剂的含量不同会影响泡孔的形态,在发泡过程中尽量促进成核剂的分散,使体系内聚合物熔体、发泡剂和成核剂尽量均化,可以增加成核点数量并使泡孔分布均匀,改善泡孔形态。     

成核剂对PS发泡复合材料泡孔形态的影响

在聚苯乙烯（PS）中加入不同种类的成核剂,用自行研制的动态发泡模拟机研究了不同类型成核剂（包括碳酸钙、碳黑、滑石粉、铁粉、镁铝水滑石、聚二甲基硅氧烷等）对PS发泡复合材料泡孔形态的影响。研究发现,加入一些成核剂后,PS发泡复合材料泡孔成核更容易;并且加入比热容值较大的成核剂所生成的泡孔质量比加入比热容值小的成核剂要好。     

发泡聚乳酸流变性能及泡孔结构的研究

采用偶氮二甲酰胺（AC）做为发泡剂，直接通过挤出过程制备聚乳酸（PLA）泡沫塑料，通过显微镜照片、HAKKE流变仪观察和研究了工艺条件对其泡孔结构的影响。结果表明，发泡剂与成核剂的增加能降低发泡PLA的表观密度，增加其泡孔密度。流变试验表明纯PLA与发泡PLA熔体在低剪切速率下都呈现剪切变稀现象，发泡后PLA熔体的黏度会下降10％～30％。发泡剂含量在4％以下时，泡孔直径随发泡剂含量增加而减小；发泡剂含量增加到5％及以上时，PLA熔体强度过小，泡孔会过于密集而导致塌陷和串泡。成核剂的加入能够明显降低PLA熔体强度，异相成核使得泡孔直径较均相成核大，但前者泡孔密度较后者小。     

超临界N_2微孔发泡PA6的制备及性能研究

采用超临界N2微孔发泡注射成型方法制备微孔发泡尼龙(PA)6材料,研究了注射温度、成核剂含量对泡孔密度、直径的影响。采用扫描电子显微镜考察了注射温度对泡孔大小、密度以及分布的影响。结果表明,随着注射温度的升高,泡孔直径变大,泡孔密度减小;成核剂含量增加泡孔密度变大,成核剂到达一定含量后泡孔密度增大不显著,成核剂含量对泡孔直径无显著影响。     

工艺参数对PS发泡复合材料泡孔形态的影响

在聚苯乙烯(PS)中加入成核剂,用自行研制的动态发泡模拟机研究了不同工艺参数(包括温度、压力、剪切流场等)对含有成核剂的PS发泡复合材料泡孔形态的影响。研究发现,不同的加工工艺参数对泡孔形态有很大影响,当温度、压力、转子转速等参数设定到一定值时,能得到最优的泡孔形态。     

成核剂在微孔发泡过程中复合力场下的实验研究

研究了成核剂类型、成核剂粒度、成核剂含量、振动参数对微孔发泡塑料泡孔形态的影响.通过对模拟振动挤出过程PS发泡的实验研究表明加入适当的成核剂能较好地改善泡孔形态,同时振动力场的引入有利于成核剂的均匀分散,形成均匀致密的气泡.     

中国合成树脂及塑料文摘

每期文摘的题目均按汉语拼音顺序排列,英文按其字母顺序排列在汉字之前,数字开头的排在最前面。　　ＣＯ2／ＰＳ挤出微孔发泡成核速率及其影响因素的研究／陈国华（华南理工大学工业装备及控制工程系）／中国塑料。1999,13（2）：54～59。利用气体溶解度对压力的敏感关系,快速释放压力,便能产生微孔结构。据此作者获得了泡孔直径小于10μｍ、泡孔密度大于1010孔／ｃｍ3微孔结构。研究证实了提高体系压力和ＣＯ2浓度可以提高体系的自由能和体系的不稳定性,成核速率明显提高。温度对泡孔密度和大小的影响不大,但过高的温度,会引起泡孔…     

微孔发泡塑料中成核剂的研究

介绍了发泡加工过程中成核剂的引入对泡孔特性的影响。根据成核剂影响微孔发泡的原理,同时针对目前成核剂应用的研究现状进行分析对比,列举出不同类型成核剂对泡孔形态的影响,指出理想成核剂在控制泡孔异相成核过程中的作用。重点阐述了选择成核剂的标准,并指出实际过程中面临的问题,为工业生产和科学研究提供理论指导。     

发泡工艺对超临界CO_2/PLA微孔发泡泡孔形态的影响

研究了超临界CO2/PLA微孔发泡过程中,发泡温度、饱和压力、剪切速率对聚合物PLA泡孔形态的影响。结果表明,发泡温度对泡孔形态影响很大,温度降低,熔体强度增加,泡孔塌陷和合并减少,发泡材料的泡孔密度增大,泡孔尺寸减小,但温度太低时,熔体黏度和表面张力增加,发泡样品泡孔密度较低,泡孔壁较厚;压力对发泡形态的影响也是很显著的,压力太低,CO2的溶解度小,泡孔壁厚,泡孔分布不均匀。随着压力升高,CO2的溶解度增加,发泡样品的泡孔密度增加,泡孔更加均匀;随着转子转速增加,泡孔尺寸减小,气泡成核密度增大。但是转子转速过快,泡孔沿剪切的方向被拉长,泡孔取向严重,泡体质量变差。     

纳米碳酸钙含量对PS发泡塑料泡孔形态的影响

在PS中加入不同含量的纳米碳酸钙作为成核剂,用自制的动态发泡模拟机研究了纳米碳酸钙含量对PS发泡塑料泡孔形态的影响。研究发现,加入不溶性的纳米碳酸钙后,PS泡孔成核更容易;并且PS中纳米碳酸钙含量的不同会影响泡孔的形态。当含量低于3％(质量分数,下同)时,纳米碳酸钙含量越高,越有利于气泡成核;而含量超过3％时,则泡孔分布变得严重不均,泡孔合并现象严重,减小了泡孔密度。当含量为3％时,制得的发泡塑料泡孔密度为8．3×107个/cm3,泡孔直径为20μm。在成型过程中施加振动进行初步实验,发现振动有利于成核剂在熔体中的分散。在纳米碳酸钙含量为3％、振幅为25 μm、振频为2．5 Hz时,制得了泡孔密度为8．7×107个/cm3、泡孔直径为17 μm的发泡塑料。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。