混合型反相微乳体系萃取茶渣蛋白的工艺优化

使用双（2-乙基己基）磺基琥珀酸钠（AOT）、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（CTAB）、十二烷基硫酸钠（SDS）分别和吐温80（Tween80）混合制备了三种反相微乳体系,并通过单因素实验研究了表面活性剂浓度、离子型表面活性剂含量、水分含量（W₀）、水相pH、萃取温度和萃取时间等因素对蛋白质前萃率和KCl浓度、水相pH和萃取温度对蛋白质后萃率的影响,然后通过正交试验得到了最佳萃取条件。结果表明,Tween80-CTAB微乳体系对茶渣蛋白的提取效果较好,在表面活性剂浓度0.10 mol/L,离子型表面活性剂含量70%,水相pH13.0,W₀ 25,萃取温度40 ℃,萃取时间为40 min的最佳条件下,茶渣蛋白的前萃率达到最大值16.17%,其后萃率在KCl浓度为1.2 mol/L,pH7.0,提取温度40 ℃的最佳条件下可达到94.78%。SDS-PAGE电泳图的结果表明,反相微乳萃取得到的茶渣蛋白分子条带较小,即能够选择性的萃取小分子蛋白。     

浓缩- 结晶法制备辣椒碱类化合物工艺

以辣椒油树脂为原料,研究浓缩、皂化和结晶条件对辣椒碱类化合物提取率和纯度的影响。采用单因素和正交试验设计优化辣椒油树脂浓缩和辣椒碱类化合物的提取工艺。结果表明：影响辣椒油树脂浓缩效果的4 个因素是甲醇体积分数＞浸提温度＞甲醇溶液用量＞浸提时间,影响辣椒碱类化合物提取率的4个因素依次为皂化时间＞pH 值＞结晶温度＞ NaOH 质量分数;获得最佳工艺条件：质量分数1.5% 的辣椒油树脂用体积分数80% 甲醇浓缩得到质量分数36% 的辣椒提取物,直接用质量分数10% NaOH 溶液在50℃条件下皂化4h,然后在5℃用稀盐酸调节pH7.0,静置结晶,提取率为86.67%。产品经HPLC 分析,纯度达97.87%。     

Extraction of immunoglobulin-G from colostral whey by reverse micelles

Separation of immunoglobulin G (IgG) from the other colostral whey proteins was carried out by reversed micellar extraction. The colostral whey was diluted to 5 times its original volume with 50 mM phosphate buffer at pH 6.35 containing 100 mM of sodium chloride. The aqueous solution was then mixed with an equal volume of isooctane containing 50 mM bis-(2-ethylhexyl) sodium sulfosuccinate (AOT), and shaken at 200 rpm and 25 degrees C for 10 min. After extraction, the mixture was separated to the aqueous phase and the reversed micellar phase by centrifugation. This procedure extracted most of the non-IgG proteins to the reversed micellar phase and recovered more than 90% of the IgG in the aqueous phase. The IgG in the aqueous phase had a purity of 90%, and still possessed immunological activity. AOT was not detectable in the aqueous phase.     

Optimization of a novel backward extraction of defatted wheat germ protein from reverse micelles

In this work, a novel backward extraction procedure of defatted wheat germ protein (DWGP) from reverse micelles was explored. Isooctane was recovered by vaporization firstly. Then the remained residue was dissolved in a small amount of KCl solution. The recovery of DWGP was easily performed by the ternary liquid system (acetone: deionized water: isooctane = 15:5:1) precipitation, while most of sulphosuccinic acid bis (2-ethylhexyl) ester sodium salt (AOT) remained in the ternary liquid system. In the end, the precipitation of DWGP was washed with 65% ethanol solution to further remove any residual AOT. The effects of KCl concentration, the amount of KCl solution and pH on the backward extraction efficiency of DWGP were tested. On the basis of single-factor experiments, the optimum backward extraction was achieved by response surface methodology (RSM). When the operation ran under optimized conditions, the backward extraction efficiency of DWGP achieved 80% and the end protein product was completely free of AOT.Industrial relevanceThis experimental result confirmed that this novel backward extraction method had many advantages on the extraction of protein compared to the traditional backward extraction method (changing the conditions of pH and ionic strength in a fresh aqueous phase). This method increased the backward extraction efficiency of defatted wheat germ protein (DWGP) from 57% to 80%, saved the water resource and offered the possibility of precipitating nearly pure DWGP, completely free of surfactant. On the basis of these advantages, it appears that this novel backward extraction technique may have great potential for being scaled-up to a commercially extraction process of protein.     

壳聚糖法提取乳清粉中的β-乳球蛋白

探索壳聚糖法提取乳清粉中β-乳球蛋白的工艺条件,考查影响提取效果的主要因素,通过正交试验优化提取工艺。用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法(SDS-PAGE)和紫外分光光度法对β-乳球蛋白产品进行定性及定量分析。结果表明,最佳的工艺条件为：络合时pH6.2,壳聚糖的添加量为2mg/ml乳清粉溶液,NaCl浓度为0.4mol/L,解离时pH11。在此条件下,所得最终产品的β-乳球蛋白含量可达95.12%,得率为93.65%。     

超临界CO2 反相微乳萃取人参皂甙的研究

利用萃取罐体积为1 L 的超临界CO2 萃取设备,采用琥珀酸二(2- 乙基己基)酯磺酸钠(AOT)/ 乙醇/ 水/ 超临界CO2 反相微乳对人参皂甙的萃取进行了研究。结果表明：最优萃取参数为萃取温度55℃,萃取时间3h,加水量 36ml/100g 人参,萃取压力 30MPa 和 AOT 添加量0.06mol/100g 人参,此时人参皂甙的得率为0.757%;E=0.870 ×(1 － e-0.618t)为超临界CO2 反相微乳萃取人参皂甙的具体动力学模型方程;超临界CO2 反相微乳萃取与超临界CO2 萃取人参皂甙相比是一种相对有效的萃取技术。     

不同反胶束体系后萃取花生蛋白质的比较

对AOT[二-(2-乙基己基)琥珀酸酯磺酸钠]/异辛烷,SDS(十二烷基硫酸钠)/异辛烷-正辛醇,DTAC(十二烷基三甲基氯化铵)/正庚烷-正己醇3种反胶束体系萃取花生蛋白质的后萃工艺进行研究.主要研究了缓冲溶液pH值、萃取时间、萃取温度、超声功率、KCl浓度对花生蛋白后萃率的影响,分别得到了3种反胶束体系萃取花生蛋白质的最佳后萃工艺条件,并做验证试验.在最优工艺条件下制备不同的花生蛋白样品.通过色差分析,从宏观上比较不同反胶束体系制备的花生蛋白产品色泽的差异,进一步对比不同反胶束体系制备的花生蛋白的扫描电镜(SEM)照片,分析其微观结构的差别,试验结果表明最适合萃取花生蛋白的反胶束体系是AOT反胶束体系,且该体系萃取花生蛋白的后萃率为83.17％,较另外2种体系的后萃率都高.     

One-step separation of lysozyme by reverse micelles formed by the cationic surfactant,cetyldimethylammonium bromide

Lysozyme was selectively extracted from reconstituted freeze-dried egg-white, using reverse micelles formed by the cationic surfactant, cetyldimethylammonium bromide (CDAB). The major egg-white proteins, including ovalbumin and ovotansferrin, were solubilized into the organic phase while lysozyme was recovered in the aqueous phase. The solubilization behaviours of proteins were manipulated by processing parameters, including pH and salt concentration in the aqueous phase and concentration of surfactant in the organic phase. The optimum extraction was achieved with sodium borate buffer (50 mM, pH 9, no added KCl) and organic phase containing 50 mM CDAB. After the forward extraction, 96% of total lysozyme activity was recovered. Lysozyme was efficiently purified, more than 30-fold with only a single forward extraction. The suggested extraction procedure has advantages in terms of time and cost compared to traditional reverse micellar extraction which requires both forward and backward extraction steps.     

AOT-异辛烷反胶束萃取技术分离牛初乳IgG的研究

在一个琥珀酸二(2-乙基己基)酯磺酸钠(AOT)-异辛烷反胶束体系中，研究了水相pH值、离子强度和有机相表面活性剂AOT浓度等因素对牛初乳乳清蛋白中IgG分离效果的影响。结果表明，在以下两组优化条件：①pH值为7．668，[Na^ ]浓度为0．270mol／L，[AOT]浓度为0．088mol／L；②pH值为6524，[Na^ ]浓度为0．205mol／L，[AOT]浓度为0．175mol／L，水相IgG的残留率或纯度分别达到最大值，分别为90．23％和98．35％．RID分析表明，反胶束萃取过程对原牛初乳乳清IgG的免疫反应活性基本无影响。     

反胶束法萃取玉米胚芽蛋白及其功能性研究

研究了AOT/异辛烷反胶束法萃取玉米胚芽蛋白及玉米胚芽蛋白的加工功能性。在实验中分别考察了纤维素酶加酶量、AOT浓度、KCl浓度、缓冲液pH值、W0对玉米胚芽蛋白前萃率的影响,以及萃取时间、KCl浓度、缓冲液pH值对后萃率的影响,确定了前萃的最佳技术条件:加酶量为4 000 IU/g玉米胚芽、AOT浓度为3 g/50 mL异辛烷、萃取pH 6、KCl浓度0.1 mol/L、W0为25;后萃的最佳技术条件为:KCl浓度为0.5 mol/L、萃取pH 10.5,萃取时间40 min;对玉米胚芽蛋白的部分加工功能性进行研究,结果表明其吸油性(2.9 mL/g)、乳化性(54.5%)、乳化稳定性(86.5%)以及泡沫稳定性(58.3%)都较好,但吸水性和起泡性相对较差,玉米胚芽蛋白不但营养效价高,而且具有较好的加工功能特性,在食品工业中具有应用潜力。     

分相萃取法制备高纯度绿原酸的工艺研究

以杜仲叶为原料提取绿原酸,将大孔树脂和混合溶剂分相法相结合,对绿原酸进行精制纯化,使绿原酸的纯度达到99.5%(HPLC 法)。在萃取工艺中选定有机溶剂乙酸乙酯为萃取剂,考察萃取时间、pH 值、萃取次数对萃取率的影响,并通过响应面法建立萃取率和萃取时间、pH 值、萃取次数之间的关系,得到最佳萃取工艺 条件为萃取时间4.00min、pH2.97、萃取次数4 次,此时绿原酸萃取率达到95.1%。在分相工艺中,首先对分相剂进行筛选,选定非极性溶剂正己烷为分相剂,再对分相剂的用量进行研究,最终确定其用量为萃取液总体积的40%,绿原酸转移率达93% 以上。     

AOT反胶束体系萃取大豆蛋白质的研究

研究了AOT反胶束萃取大豆蛋白的工艺,针对影响AOT反胶束萃取大豆蛋白质的各种因素如反胶束直径、缓冲溶液pH值、离子强度、温度、萃取时间进行了研究,得出主要的影响因素为反胶束直径、缓冲溶液pH值和离子强度,并得到最佳的萃取条件为:反胶束直径为4.9nm,此时的Wo值为15.8;pH值为6.5;离子强度为0.1mol/L;萃取温度为45℃;萃取时间为20min。在此条件下蛋白质的萃取率为82.57%。     

Extraction and physicochemical properties of soya bean protein and oil by a new reverse micelle system compared with other extraction methods

Reverse micelle extraction is a novel technology for the separation of plant components such as proteins and oil. In this study, sodium bis(2‐ethylhexyl) sulphosuccinate (AOT) reverse micelle system and AOT/Tween 85 reverse micelle system were used to extract soya bean protein and oil from soya bean flour. The physicochemical properties of the protein and oil extracted were investigated and compared with traditional extraction methods. The results showed that the efficiency of forward extraction of soya bean protein using an AOT/Tween 85 reverse micelle system was superior to that using an AOT reverse micelle system at the optimal extraction conditions. In addition, soya bean proteins extracted using reverse micelle extraction had no unordered structure under Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The acid and peroxide values of oil products from two reverse micelle extractions were lower than that from immersion. The results indicated that AOT/Tween 85 reverse micelle system is effective in extracting soya bean protein and oil.     

羊栖菜中褐藻糖胶的提取工艺

研究了从羊栖菜中提取褐藻糖胶的工艺 .采用高浓度醇溶液处理羊栖菜粉、稀酸提取、减压浓缩、乙醇分级沉淀和冷冻干燥等单元操作 ,可以获得褐藻糖胶产品 .通过正交试验 ,摸索在不同提取温度、提取时间和 pH值条件下粗褐藻糖胶产品的得率及岩藻糖的提取率     

微波法辅助反胶束技术前萃取大豆蛋白工艺

以全脂大豆为研究对象,为提高反胶束前萃取大豆蛋白的效率,利用变频微波萃取仪,辅助反胶束技术前萃取大豆蛋白。研究单因素即提取温度、pH值、液料比与时间对大豆蛋白提取率的影响,通过主要因素的响应面试验,优化提取参数,且检测了参数之间相互作用关系。利用统计分析和优化,结果显示,微波对前萃取大豆蛋白影响的相对大小依次为提取时间＞温度＞pH值。结果表明：在提取温度43.3 ℃、pH 8、萃取时间23 min时,蛋白质前萃率达到最高水平,提取率80.61%。     

反胶束溶液萃取大豆蛋白前萃工艺的研究

本文研究了AOT/异辛烷反胶束溶液萃取大豆蛋白的前萃机理和工艺,研究了pH、 W0、表面活性剂AOT的浓度、KCl的浓度、萃取时间和萃取温度对蛋白前萃取率的影响,得到了以AOT/异辛烷体系萃取低温脱脂豆粕中蛋白质的最佳前萃工艺条件。     

苦杏仁皮水不溶性膳食纤维提取工艺优化及其特性分析

以苦杏仁皮为原料,选取NaOH溶液浓度、超声时间和超声温度为试验因素,采用响应面法优化苦杏仁皮中水不溶性膳食纤维的提取工艺,并对影响其持水性和溶胀性的因素进行研究。结果表明,苦杏仁皮中水不溶性膳食纤维提取的最佳工艺条件为NaOH溶液浓度0.70 mol/L、超声时间51 min、超声温度86 ℃,此时水不溶性膳食纤维提取率为49.73%。在研究范围内,其持水性和溶胀性受葡萄糖质量分数的影响较小,受酸碱度和超声温度的影响较为显著。     

花生分离蛋白提取工艺优化研究

采用碱提酸沉方法从脱脂花生蛋白粉中提取花生分离蛋白,在单因素试验的基础上,应用响应面法优化花生分离蛋白的提取条件。结果表明：浸提时间和碱液pH 值对提取的花生分离蛋白纯度都有显著影响,且呈非线性关系,最佳提取工艺参数为浸提时间131min、浸提温度50℃、碱液pH10、料液比1:12(g/mL)。在此条件下,花生分离蛋白的纯度为95.05%、提取率71%。响应面法对花生分离蛋白提取条件的优化是可行的。     

海南蒲桃果实原花青素的提取

以八成熟的海南蒲桃果实粉末为试材,采用正丁醇-盐酸法显色、测定提取液的吸光度,研究了八成熟海南蒲桃果实原花青素的提取工艺。经单因子实验及正交实验结果表明,以体积分数60%丙酮溶液(pH=3)为浸提液、料液比1∶9(g:mL)、温度60℃及时间2 h为最适工艺参数,经2次浸提原花青素的提取率为91.52%。八成熟的海南蒲桃果实原花青素含量5.70%,为充分成熟果实的127.23%。     

Selective Precipitation of Lysozyme from Egg White Using AOT

ABSTRACT: Lysozyme from egg white was purified using the anionic surfactant, di-(2-ethylhexyl) sodium sulfosuccinate (Aerosol-OT or AOT), as a precipitating ligand. Upon addition, AOT formed an insoluble lysozyme-surfactant complex with lysozyme and precipitated from the egg white solution. The lysozyme was then recovered as a solid from the insoluble complex using acetone, while AOT remained in the acetone phase. The precipitation efficiency was highest when the pH of the egg white solution was between 6 and 9. A molar ratio of 15 between surfactant and lysozyme provided 80% precipitation efficiency. The recovered lysozyme product was free of surfactant, and retained its original enzymatic activity.