碳纳米管增强氢化丁腈橡胶的性能

以碳纳米管(CNTs)为增强填料,考察了CNTs用量对氢化丁腈橡胶(HNBR)混炼胶硫化特性及硫化胶物理机械性能、高温拉伸性能和耐老化性能的影响,并研究了CNTs增强HNBR硫化胶的动态力学性能和加工性能,表征了CNTs在橡胶中的分散状况。结果表明,随着CNTs用量的增加,HNBR混炼胶的硫化效率提高,且具有优异的抗硫化返原能力,HNBR硫化胶的拉伸强度变化不大,邵尔A硬度、100%定伸应力和撕裂强度逐渐提高,扯断伸长率和回弹性减小,高温扯断伸长率减小,高温拉伸强度和100%定伸应力提高;CNTs增强HNBR硫化胶老化后的拉伸强度无明显变化,邵尔A硬度和100%定伸应力提高,扯断伸长率减小。相比未增强HNBR硫化胶,CNTs增强HNBR硫化胶的弹性模量增大,损耗因子峰值减小,加工性能得到改善;CNTs在橡胶基体中整体分散比较均匀,局部存在团聚现象。     

芳纶纳米纤维对溶聚丁苯橡胶性能的影响

制备芳纶纳米纤维(ANFs)预分散体,研究ANFs用量对溶聚丁苯橡胶(SSBR)胶料性能的影响。结果表明：随着ANFs用量的增大,SSBR混炼胶的t₁₀和t₉₀无明显变化,F_L、储能模量和损耗模量增大,Payne效应增强;SSBR硫化胶的邵尔A型硬度、100%定伸应力和撕裂强度增大,拉伸强度先减小后增大,损耗因子(tanδ)最大值减小。ANFs用量为4份的SSBR硫化胶0℃时的tanδ最大,抗湿滑性能最好。     

增强剂并用对氢化丁腈橡胶/乙烯丙烯酸酯橡胶性能的影响

采用炭黑、白炭黑、甲基丙烯酸锌（ZDMA）并用增强氢化丁腈橡胶（HNBR）/乙烯丙烯酸酯橡胶（AEM）共混胶,考察了白炭黑和ZDMA并用比例对共混胶硫化特性、物理机械性能、耐热老化性能及动态力学性能的影响。结果表明,当炭黑用量、白炭黑和ZDMA总量不变时,随着ZDMA用量的增加,HNBR/AEM共混胶的硫化速率加快,加工性能改善,拉伸强度和邵尔A硬度变化不大,撕裂强度、扯断伸长率、100%定伸应力和压缩永久变形增大;ZDMA的加入可改善HNBR/AEM共混胶的耐热老化性能和低温性能。     

S用量对HNBR共混胶力学性能及耐热油性能的影响

研究了S用量对HNBR共混胶力学性能及耐热油性能的影响,研究表明,随着S用量增加,HNBR/FKM共混胶硫化程度降低,硫化时间变短;硬度、拉伸强度、100%定伸应力均先变小后变大,扯断伸长率先变大后变小;经热空气老化后,HNBR/FKM共混胶硬度变大,拉伸强度减小,扯断伸长率基本不发生变化;经热油老化后,共混胶硬度、拉伸强度、100%定伸应力均先减小后增大,扯断伸长率先变大后变小。     

HNBR/FKM共混比对HNBR共混胶力学性能及耐热油性能的影响

研究了HNBR/FKM共混比对HNBR共混胶力学性能及耐热油性能的影响,研究表明,随着HNBR/FKM共混胶中氟橡胶共混比的增加,共混胶的硫化程度先增大后基本不变,硫化时间变长;共混胶100%定伸应力上升,硬度变大,拉伸强度先变大后变小,扯断伸长率减小;经热空气老化后,共混胶硬度明显变大,拉伸强度变大但比老化前小,扯断伸长率减小;经热油老化后,共混胶硬度变大且比老化前大,拉伸强度变大但比老化前小,扯断伸长率也降低,50%定伸应力变大,质量变化率和体积变化率为负值,且绝对值变大;共混胶的耐低温性能变差。     

硫化剂DCP用量对NBR/EVM并用胶交联密度及力学性能的影响

研究了硫化剂DCP(过氧化二异丙苯)用量对丁腈橡胶(NBR)/乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯橡胶(EVM)共混胶的硫化特性、两相交联密度、物理力学性能以及热空气老化性能的影响。结果表明,随着硫化剂DCP用量的增大,NBR/EVM共混胶的硫化速度和交联密度逐渐增大。与老化前相比,经热空气老化后硫化胶的交联密度增大,经125℃热空气老化后硫化胶的交联密度增大速率逐渐变大,且在DCP用量为1.5份时老化后的硫化胶交联密度增大一倍多。随着硫化剂DCP用量的增大,NBR/EVM硫化胶中NBR相的交联密度逐渐增大、EVM相的交联密度微降,在DCP用量为1.5份时两相交联密度相差最大。与老化前相比,经过热空气老化后硫化胶中NBR相的交联密度明显增大,EVM相的交联密度则变化不大。随着硫化剂DCP用量的增大,NBR/EVM硫化胶的拉伸强度基本保持不变,硬度和100%定伸应力均逐渐增大,拉断伸长率和压缩永久变形均逐渐减小。与老化前相比,经70℃、100℃热空气老化后硫化胶的硬度、拉伸强度、100%定伸应力均增大,而拉断伸长率基本保持不变。经125℃热空气老化后硫化胶的100%定伸应力明显变大,拉伸强度和拉断伸长率均明显减小。     

EPDM/PA配比对硫化胶老化性能及耐油性能的影响

研究了三元乙丙橡胶(EPDM)/三元尼龙(PA)配比对其硫化胶热空气老化前后和油中浸泡后物理机械性能的影响。结果表明,随着PA用量的增大,硫化胶拉伸强度下降后趋于稳定,撕裂强度变化不大,100%定伸应力和DIN磨耗均呈上升趋势,拉断伸长率、浸油后的质量变化率和体积变化率均下降,正硫化时间变长。热空气老化后,硫化胶拉伸强度、硬度、100%定伸应力和拉断伸长率变化趋势同常温下一致。浸油后,硫化胶拉伸强度、100%定伸应力均呈上升趋势,拉断伸长率先是不变然后下降。     

微观结构对丁腈橡胶硫化胶物理性能的影响

研究橡胶基体及填料微观结构对丁腈橡胶(NBR)硫化胶物理性能的影响。结果表明:随着丙烯腈质量分数的增大,炭黑补强NBR硫化胶的拉伸强度先增大后减小,拉断伸长率减小,邵尔A型硬度和撕裂强度增大;随着生胶门尼粘度的增大,炭黑补强NBR硫化胶的邵尔A型硬度基本不变,定伸应力增大,拉伸强度和拉断伸长率减小;随着炭黑粒径的减小,硫化胶的定伸应力呈增大趋势,拉伸强度和撕裂强度增大,高定伸下炭黑粒径对应力的贡献较大;随着炭黑结构度的提高,硫化胶定伸应力增大,拉伸强度和撕裂强度减小。     

双酚AF/BPP用量对HNBR共混胶力学性能及耐热油性能的影响

本文研究了双酚AF/BPP用量对 HNBR共混胶力学性能及耐热油性能的影响,研究表明,随着双酚AF/BPP用量减少,HNBR/FKM共混胶的硫化程度略微下降,硫化时间略微缩短;硬度、拉伸强度、100%定伸应力均先变小后变大,扯断伸长率先变大后变小;经热空气老化后,HNBR/FKM共混胶硬度上升,拉伸强度基本不变,扯断伸长率上升;经热油老化后,100%定伸应力和硬度减小,拉伸强度先变大后变小,扯断伸长率先变大后变小,质量变化率和体积变化率为负值,但绝对值变小。     

粉煤灰在钢丝编织液压胶管外层胶中的应用研究

研究了粉煤灰、云母粉和炭黑N660并用对钢丝编织液压胶管外用胶氯化聚乙烯(CM)硫化特性、物理机械性能和热空气老化性能的影响。结果表明,当炭黑N660用量固定为60份时,随着粉煤灰/云母粉并用比的增大,硫化胶拉伸强度略微增大,硬度、DIN磨耗量和密度逐渐减小;老化后的拉伸强度和定伸应力均高于老化前的数据。当云母粉用量固定为40份时,随着粉煤灰/炭黑N660并用比的增大,硫化胶的硬度、拉伸强度和100%定伸应力均逐渐减小,而永久变形、DIN磨耗量、密度和拉断伸长率均逐渐增大,撕裂强度先增大后减小;热空气老化后,硫化胶的性能变化趋势与老化前相同。     

Synthesis of dysprosium/Mn–Cu ferrite binary nanocomposite: Analysis of structural,morphological, dielectric,and optomagnetic properties

Manganese–copper ferrite (MCFO) and dysprosium (Dy)-doped manganese–copper ferrite nanocomposites (Mn_0.5Cu_0.5Dy_xFe_2−xO₄) (x = 0, 0.05, 0.10, and 0.15) were synthesized by sonochemical method. Crystal structure and the structural parameters of the MCFO were analyzed based on the doping concentration of Dy ion. It was observed that the average crystalline size of the synthesized nanocomposite decreases when the concentration of Dy increases. The existing spherical surface morphology of the MCFO and Dy-doped MCFO nanocomposites were obtained through scanning electron microscopy. In the UV spectrum, the pristine MCFO sample showed an absorbance peak at 743 nm whereas the absorbance values of Dy-doped ferrite nanocomposite considerably shifted (blue) toward a lower wavelength (231–222 nm). The dielectric parameters of all ferrite nanocomposites were studied in the frequency range of 100 Hz to 5 MHz. The dielectric spectrum revealed that dielectric constant and loss tangent decreased with increased doping concentration of Dy ion. The saturation magnetization also changed with Dy doping in MCFO. The impact of Dy on manganese–copper ferrite changed the optical, dielectric and magnetic properties of the prepared binary ferrite nanocomposite, which can be used for microwave-absorbing material applications.     

Mechanical Properties of Compression Molded Banana Pseudo-stem Filled Unplasticized Polyvinyl Chloride (UPVC) Composites

Mechanical strengths of a banana pseudo-stem (BPS) fiber and unplasticized polyvinyl chloride (UPVC) composite were evaluated to assess the possibility of using it as a new material in engineering applications. Samples were fabricated by the compression molding process with reference to the effect of filler loading. The samples were submitted to mechanical tests to measure tensile, flexural, and impact properties of the composites. The nature of adhesion between the matrix and the reinforcement and information relating the structure of mechanical properties can be obtained by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) assessment of the composite fracture surface. The mechanical properties show that the composites did not have good adhesion between filler and matrix; on the other hand, the filler insertion improved the flexural modulus and the material rigidity.     

核壳型纳米粒子合成方法及其性能的研究进展

核壳纳米粒子作为复合纳米粒子一个重要的分支,由于其光、磁和催化等方面的优异性能,近年来引起了人们广泛的关注.本文主要介绍了核壳纳米粒子的制备方法及诸多性能,并对核壳纳米粒子的发展进行了展望.     

单向玻璃纤维-铝合金层板的几种力学性能研究

本文用实验方法研究了单向玻璃纤维-铝合金层板的拉伸性能、疲劳性能和冲击性能。利用金属体积分数理论验证了这类层板的拉伸性能。通过对其疲劳性能的实验研究，发现裂纹扩展速率的大小及刚度的下降与加载的最大循环应力密切相关的规律。实验发现该层板具有比铝合金好得多的冲击性能。     

TMPTMA在硅橡胶中的应用研究

研究了助交联剂三羟甲基丙烷三甲基丙烯酸酯(TMPTMA)对硅橡胶硫化性能、力学性能、低温性能和粘接性能的影响。结果表明,加入少量TMPTMA能改善硅橡胶的硫化特性和工艺性,提高硫化胶的硬度,降低硅橡胶的结晶温度,并有效提高硅橡胶与金属的粘接强度;但TMPTMA用量超过一定数值后,由于TMPTMA部分自聚合,在硅橡胶内形成一定的交联网络,造成两相界面粘接力变差,致使硅橡胶的拉伸强度降低。当TMPTMA用量为1份时,硅橡胶具有最佳的综合性能。     

聚氨酯种类对机械性能以及阻尼性能影响研究

分别以聚四氢呋喃醚二醇(PTMEG)、聚氧化丙烯二醇(PPG-1000)为软段,以二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI-50、MDI-100LL),以及扩链剂1,4-丁二醇(BDO)、三羟甲基丙烷(TMP)为硬段,采用预聚体法制备了聚氨酯弹性体。并系统研究了聚氨酯体系中各组分的种类对材料机械性能和阻尼性能的影响。     

A new precursor to lightweight porous Si–Al–O–B ceramics with enhanced microwave transmissivity

Nowadays, complicated preparation processes and harsh sintering conditions wave transparent ceramics limit its further development. To solve this problem, we explore a promising precursor by adopting a polymerization-pyrolysis method to prepare porous Si–Al–O–B ceramics at a mild sintering condition (1000 °C). The porous Si–Al–O–B ceramics exhibits enhanced wave transparency at 10–16 GHz with a low dielectric constant (<3), a low loss angle tangent value (<0.01), and simultaneously, a relative high flexible strength of 82 MPa. According to the results of the XRD and FTIR analysis, porous Al₄B₂O₉ crystallization dispersed in the amorphous SiO₂ matrix constructs the main phases of the products. The changes of Al and B elements are confirmed to have an effect on the phase compositions and micro structure of the composite ceramics, which obviously affect the mechanical and dielectric properties of the derived ceramics. The as-prepared porous Si–Al–O–B ceramics could be a potential candidate for next generation electronic window materials due to its low dielectric constant and loss angle tangent value, as well as high flexible strength.     

Effects of support and additive on oxidation state and activity of Pt catalyst in propane combustion

The effects of support and additive on the oxidation state and catalytic activity of Pt catalyst in the low temperature propane combustion were systematically investigated on Pt/MgO, Pt/Al₂O₃ and Pt/SiO₂–Al₂O₃. The catalytic activity varied much with both support materials and additives. The catalyst on the more acidic support showed higher activity, and the catalytic activity on every support materials increased as the electronegativity of additives increased, while some additives decreased the activity. The oxidation state of platinum, estimated by white line intensity of Pt L_III-edge XANES spectrum, also varied with the support and additives, and additives with higher electronegativity greatly prevented the platinum from its oxidation under oxidising atmosphere. Among almost all the catalysts with various supports and various additives, a clear relationship was observed between the oxidation state of platinum and the catalytic activity; the more metallic platinum showed higher activity. Thus, it was concluded that the total electrophilic/electrophobic property derived from those of the support and additive controls the oxidation state of platinum, which intensively affects the catalytic activity; i.e. higher electrophilic property provides less oxidised platinum, resulting in high catalytic activity. The mechanism of this effect was also discussed on the basis of thermochemical data, and it was proposed that the electrophobic materials promote the noble metal oxidation since the noble metal oxo-anion such as PtO^δ− is more stabilised with electrophobic cation.     

聚丙烯基抗菌塑料的制备与性能研究

利用熔融挤出共混技术制备了聚丙烯(PP)基抗菌塑料。研究了抗菌母料Antim-PP对PP的抗菌性能和力学性能的影响。结果表明,当抗菌母料与PP的质量比为4:100时,抗菌PP塑料对大肠杆菌的抗菌率大于99%,抗菌母料的加入使共混物的冲击性能有明显改善,其他力学性能基本不受影响。