炼油厂产品深度脱硫工艺的研究进展

综述了国内外开发和应用的脱硫技术,通过一系列实例阐述了近年来催化加氢脱硫及非加氢脱硫的工艺进展。该技术主要有催化加氢脱硫（改进催化剂的合成、先进的反应器设计、蒸馏与加氢脱硫组合等）及非加氢脱硫技术（烷基化脱硫、溶剂萃取脱硫、沉淀脱硫、吸附脱硫、氧化脱硫和膜分离脱硫等）;评述了催化加氢脱硫、烷基化脱硫、吸附脱硫和氧化脱硫等脱硫技术的特点和研究应用前景。     

我国石油产品非加氢脱硫技术研究进展

综述了脱除石油产品中硫的重要性,主要的脱硫的手段,加氢脱硫的一些缺点和非加氢脱硫的一些优势。重点综述了石油产品的非加氢脱硫方法,包括:烷基化脱硫、生物脱硫、氧化脱硫、吸附脱硫、膜分离脱硫、萃取脱硫的原理及其这些技术在我国的最新研究状况,并对我国未来的非加氢脱硫技术进行了展望。     

油品非加氢脱硫技术新进展

综述了IRVAD、S-Zorb、LADS等吸附脱硫工艺,酸碱精制、有机溶剂脱硫、离子液体脱硫等萃取脱硫技术,烷基化脱硫技术,细菌脱硫、微生物脱硫、新型生物脱硫等生物脱硫技术,膜分离脱硫技术,添加剂脱硫技术,并比较了不同方法的优缺点。最后,从清洁生产的角度出发,对非加氢脱硫的前景进行了展望。     

轻质油品脱硫技术进展

随着环保法规的日益严格,对轻质油品的质量要求越来越高,油品的超深度脱硫己成为世界范围内急需解决的问题之一,因此脱硫技术已经成为各炼油企业的关键技术。油品非加氢脱硫技术,如氧化脱硫技术、萃取脱硫技术、吸附脱硫技术、配合脱硫技术、生物脱硫技术、烷基化脱硫技术等,因具有装置投资少,操作简单,对油品性质影响小,操作费用较低等优点,受到广泛关注,是一类较有发展前景的脱硫工艺。本文论述了非加氢脱硫技术的种类、特点及效果。     

离子液体在燃料油脱硫中的研究进展

在简单对比了催化加氢和非催化加氢技术在燃料油脱硫方面应用的基础上,分析了非催化加氢技术的研究状况,论述了几种离子液体在直接萃取、氧化脱硫和烷基化脱硫等非催化加氢中的研究进展,并对几种离子液体的脱硫效果做了一定量的汇总。针对氧化脱硫过程中双氧水消耗量多、成本高等问题,对功能化离子液体在氧气氧化脱硫过程中的应用做了介绍,并对其今后的研究方向和内容做了展望。     

轻质油品非加氢脱硫新工艺简介

随着环保法要求越来越苛刻，世界范围内对车用发动机燃料的硫含量要求日益严格。本文综述了近年来非加氢脱硫的新技术，包括生物脱硫、氧化脱硫、吸附脱硫、催化法和烷基化法脱硫。     

FCC汽油精制脱硫技术研究与应用进展

综述了加氢脱硫、吸附脱硫、溶剂萃取脱硫、烷基化脱硫等FCC汽油精制脱硫技术的研究进展,详细介绍了烷基化脱硫技术在FCC汽油中的脱硫机理与应用情况,最后指出了炼油行业的发展方向。     

馏分油生物脱硫技术的研究进展

馏分油的脱硫技术分为加氢脱硫和非加氢脱硫.加氢脱硫是一种很成熟的工艺,而在非加氢脱硫的研究中,生物脱硫技术具有反应条件温和,投资和操作费用低等优点,日益受到重视.本文介绍了生物脱硫技术的机理,并对国内生物脱硫的研究进展加以综述.     

清洁柴油的生产技术进展

对国内外清洁柴油主要质量指标的进行了对比.介绍了柴油单段加氢脱硫技术和非加氢脱硫技术.提出在发展柴油加氢脱硫技术的同时,重点发展非加氢脱硫技术,尤其是离子液体脱硫技术、廉价氧化剂催化氧化脱硫技术和生物脱硫技术.     

催化裂化汽柴油非加氢脱硫技术研究进展

概述了世界经济发展对石油产品的需要,以及各大石油公司对催化裂化汽柴油脱硫技术的研究进展。介绍了目前正在开发和应用的非加氢脱硫技术概况。重点介绍了膜法脱硫和生物脱硫,展望了非加氢脱硫技术的应用前景。     

佛山市顺德新城区降水中污染物的监测和分析

为掌握佛山市顺德新城区降水中污染物的情况,2015年7月至8月,文章作者分别在雨天进行了降水取样,对降水中的pH、电导率、常见阴离子(F-、Cl~-、NO_3~(2-)、SO_4~(2-))及部分重金属(铅和镉)进行监测分析。选择有相关数据的珠江三角洲和石家庄、厦门等地的降水中污染物的情况进行对比。结果表明,顺德新城区降水中的p H和部分阴离子浓度优于珠江三角洲平均值,酸雨类型属于硫酸和硝酸混合型;其水体洁净程度略差于石家庄;铅和镉的浓度也高于厦门,甚至部分超出了人体能直接接触的安全范围。     

Metabolism of trideuterated iso-lignoceric acid in rats in Vivo and in human fibroblasts in culture

Saturated very long chain fatty acids (fatty acids with greater than 22 carbon atoms; VLCFA) accumulate in peroxisomal disorders, but there is little information on their turnover in patients. To determine the suitability of using stable isotope-labeled VLCFA in patients with these disorders, the metabolism of 22-methyl[23,23,23-²H₃]tricosanoic (iso-lignoceric) acid was studied in rats in vivo and in human skin fibroblasts in culture. The deuterated iso-VLCFA was degraded to the corresponding 16- and 18-carbon iso-fatty acids by rats in vivo and by normal human skin fibroblasts in culture, but there was little or no degradation in peroxisome-deficient (Zellweger’s syndrome) fibroblasts, indicating that its oxidation was peroxisomal. Neither the 14-, 20-, and 22-carbon iso-fatty acids nor the corresponding odd-chain metabolites could be detected. In the rat, the organ containing most of the iso-lignoceric acid, and its breakdown products, was the liver, whereas negligible amounts were detected in the brain, suggesting that little of the fatty acid crossed the blood-brain barrier. Our data indicate that VLCFA labeled with deuterium at the ω-position of the carbon chain are suitable derivatives for the in vivo investigation of patients with defects in peroxisomal β-oxidation because they are metabolized by the same pathways as the corresponding n-VLCFA. Moreover, as iso-VLCFA and their β-oxidation products are readily separated from the corresponding n-fatty acids by normal chromatographic procedures, the turnover of VLCFA can be more precisely measured. A preliminary report of part of this work (Reference 18) was presented at the 5th International Symposium on the Synthesis and Applications of Isotopes and Isotopically Labelled Compounds, Strasbourg, France, June 20–24, 1994.     

高效液相色谱法分析化妆品中微量成分的研究进展

综述了高效液相色谱法在化妆品中防腐剂、防晒剂中紫外线吸收剂以及性激素的检测等几个方面的应用;同时,介绍了分析所用的色谱柱、流动相、使用的检测手段以及样品的提取方法;最后针对目前存在的问题,提出了高效液相色谱用于化妆品中微量成分分析的研究方向和发展前景。     

Denitrification in shallow groundwater in a coastal agricultural area in Japan

In a coastal agricultural area in the central part of Japan (Shizuoka), we found decreasing nitrate concentration with depth in a shallow groundwater, where the depth to water table varied between 0.6 and 1.2 m below ground surface. High nitrate concentrations (5–29 mg N L^–1) were often observed in the upper layer (0–2 m) of the groundwater, but the concentration decreased to less than 1 mg N L^–1 in the deeper layer. Ammonium was scarcely detected, and the concentration of dissolved oxygen was usually low (< 1 mgO₂ L^–1) in the groundwater. Nitrate in the groundwater often had very heavy nitrogen stable isotope ratios (>20{}). There was a negative relationship between nitrogen stable isotope ratio of nitrate and its concentration. When nitrate was injected into the groundwater with acetylene and bromide (a conservative tracer), nitrate concentration decreased to 20% of the initial level within 5 days, accompanied by the increase in nitrite and nitrous oxide concentration and a little change in bromide concentration. These results indicate that microbial denitrification plays a potential role in the decrease of nitrate in shallow groundwater at the study site.     

我国硝酸工业生产技术新进展

系统叙述了我国硝酸工业2000-2007年生产现状及主要技术成果,尤其指出了国产"四合一"机组的成功投运,使我国硝酸国产化装置取得较大的进步,表现在吨酸的铂耗、氨耗和能耗等方面接近国外引进装置水平,同时介绍了国外双加压法硝酸生产技术的进展.我国已成为硝酸生产大国,仍需以先进的技术改造和发展我国硝酸工业,确保我国硝酸工业健康有序地发展,加快从硝酸生产大国向强国迈进的步伐.