钚量热计的研制

设计研制了1台结构简单、操作方便、样品池内径185 mm和高200 mm用于钚热功率测量的量热计.性能测试表明钚量热计的样品热功率测量下限为4 mW、测量上限高于9 W,灵敏度约为202 mV*W-1,线性范围为4 mW～9 W.使用该量热计测量了钚样品的热功率,并与用分析化学和称量法测得的样品热功率进行了比较,结果表明该量热计测量钚样品热功率具有较高的测量精度,当样品热功率不小于200 mW时,精密度优于0.5%.     

电解还原制备U(Ⅳ)过程中的阳极材料腐蚀研究

用间歇电解还原法研究了在有机玻璃电解槽中阳极镀铂钛网在ＵＯ２（ＮＯ３）２－ＨＮＯ３－Ｎ２Ｈ５ＮＯ３－Ｈ２Ｏ体系中的耐腐蚀情况。研究结果表明：在无隔膜电解还原时，镀铂钛网上的Ｐｔ的腐蚀速率极低（＜２．５×１０－２μｍ／ａ），而在以阳离子交换膜作隔膜的电解还原中，镀铂钛网上的Ｐｔ有明显的腐蚀，其腐蚀速率为５．７μｍ／ａ。对这两种情况下Ｐｔ的腐蚀速率明显差别的原因进行了分析讨论。     

~(210)Po量热测量结果偏差原因分析

~(210)Po是~(210)Po-Be中子源的原料。~(210)Po活度数据是计算中子产额的关键依据。我们在~(210)Po-Be中子源研制和生产过程中,是用量热计测量~(210)Po原料的放射性活度。但是,在秦山核电站启动中子源的中子产额测量中,发现中子源的~(210)Po投料量热测量数据与做成中子源后,其中~(210)Po量热测量数据有比较大的差异。表1是用同一台量热计在投料和做成源条件下的测量     

~(210)Po量热测量结果偏差原因分析

~(210)Po是~(210)Po-Be中子源的原料。~(210)Po活度数据是计算中子产额的关键依据。我们在~(210)Po-Be中子源研制和生产过程中,是用量热计测量~(210)Po原料的放射性活度。但是,在秦山核电站启动中子源的中子产额测量中,发现中子源的~(210)Po投料量热测量数据与做成中子源后,其中~(210)Po量热测量数据有比较大的差异。表1是用同一台量热计在投料和做成源条件下的测量     

γ量热计及HFETR中γ释热率的测量

本文介绍了适用于高 γ 释热率测定的量热计设计及在高通量工程试验反应堆(HFETR)的G_7,辐照孔道中的 γ 释热率测量,其测量误差在±4.5%以内.     

大功率α、β量热计的研制

研制了一台用于α、β核素测量的大功率量热计,量热计样品池尺寸空间为直径75mm、高120mm.性能测试表明,该量热计功率测量范围为1～300 W,当样品热功率不小于10 W时,测量精度优于1.0%.     

新型硅吸收剂量量热计的电校准

叙述了新型硅吸收剂量量热计的结构及电校准原理;给出了量热计在０－３５℃工作温区的 热校准因子,拟事出硅比热随温度变化关系式。并对实验误差进行了讨论。     

UO_2(NO_3)_2-HNO_3-N_2H_5NO_3(H_2O)/30%TBP(煤油)体系中组分浓度对U(Ⅵ)电解还原速率影响的研究

本文在振动搅拌槽中,研究了UO_2(NO_3)_2-HNO_3-N_2H_5NO_3(H_2O)/30％TBP(煤油)体系的水相电解液组分浓度对U(Ⅵ)电解还原速率的影响。根据实验所得数据,经回归分析得到反应动力学微分方程 式中速度常数k一般说是温度的函数。25℃时,k=0.00187。在实验浓度范围内,U(Ⅵ)还原速率随U(Ⅵ)浓度升高而增大,表观反应级数为0.75级;而[N_2H_5~+]及[HNO_3]影响不大,反应级数近于0。     

用于中子吸收剂量测量的量热计

本文介绍我们研制的中子吸收剂量量热计的原理、结构及其测量系统。测量了池式研究用反应堆中的中子吸收剂量并得到满意的结果。该量热计轻便、简单、测量迅速而准确。已精确知道比热数值的其它吸收材料均可采用本设计。     

秦山三期(重水堆)核电站消防行动预案体系的建立

秦山三期 (重水堆 )核电站的消防行动预案是贯彻消防纵深防御思想 ,将消防设施、管理制度和人员责任行动有机结合 ,为火灾时人员的灭火行动提供了可迅速参照执行的指南。介绍了秦山三期 (重水堆 )核电站的消防行动预案的组成、作用和管理的现状     

电解法制备高纯度墙^18O2

采用自行设计制造的石英玻璃电解装置，以重氧重水为原料，通过碱性介质电解法进行了^18O气体的制备，在原料重氧重水^18O的摩尔分数〉80％条件下，最终制得^18O气体中^18O2摩尔分数达63．66％，表明整个电解系统气密性良好。此外，制得的气体能够满足电子回旋共振离子源提供^18O重离子束的实验要求。     

Analysis of the Pipe Heat Loss of the Water Flow Calorimetry System in EAST Neutral Beam Injector

Neutral beam injection heating is one of the main auxiliary heating methods in controllable nuclear fusion research. In the EAST neutral beam injector, a water flow calorimetry(WFC) system is applied to measure the heat load on the electrode system of the ion source and the heat loading components of the beamline. Due to the heat loss in the return water pipe, there are some measuring errors for the current WFC system. In this paper, the errors were measured experimentally and analyzed theoretically, which lay a basis for the exact calculation of beam power deposition distribution and neutralization efficiency.     

电解法制备高纯18O气体

采用自行设计制造的石英玻璃电解装置，以重氧重水为原料，通过碱性介质电解法进行了18O气体的制备，在原料重氧重水18O的摩尔分数＞80%条件下，最终制得18O气体中18O2含量达63.66%，表明整个电解系统气密性良好。此外，制得的气体能够满足电子回旋共振离子源提供18O重离子束的实验要求     

联合电解催化交换系统的动态模型及理论计算

为探求联合电解催化交换系统各单元中氚浓度空间分布和动态变化的内在规律，建立了D／T体系的气-液两元模型。根据不同的催化剂传质性能，计算了为达到特定脱氚率和电解池浓缩倍数所要求的交换床总高度和进液位置。理论计算得到的氚在交换床上的空间分布趋势与文献报道的中试结果一致，电解池中的氚浓度随时间呈线性增长。     

重离子束水吸收剂量的电离法实验研究

重离子束水吸收剂量是开展重离子束治疗最基本的物理量。在开展重离子束水吸收剂量的量值复现研究前,需用间接测量的方法开展相关工作以熟悉实验条件。本文用传统电离法开展了能量400 MeV/u、具有6 cm展宽Bragg峰的碳离子束的水吸收剂量测量研究,并评价了重离子束条件下的相关电离室的极化、离子复合修正因子。在电离室的极化和离子复合修正项方面,重离子束水吸收剂量测量的相关不确定度分量显著大于60Co γ辐射水吸收剂量的相关值。用不同电离室测量重离子束水吸收剂量的结果在不确定度允许的范围内符合。以电离室测量为基础,开展更深入的包括量热法绝对测量在内的辐射剂量学研究,对进一步优化重离子束水吸收剂量测量的不确定度至关重要。     

Experimental Study for Absorbed dose to Water of Heavy Ion Beam via Ionization Method

The absorbed-dose to water of heavy ion beam is a fundamental quantity for heavy ion therapy. It is necessary to perform the relevant work with in-direct measurement prior to the study of the reproduction for the absorbed-dose to water of heavy ion beam. The absorbed-dose to water of a carbon ion beam, whose incident energy was 400 MeV/u and spread-out Bragg peak was 6 cm, was studied with conventional ionization method. The correction factors of polarity and ion recombination for the ionization chambers were evaluated with the incident heavy ion beam. The uncertainty components for the measurement of the absorbed-dose to water of heavy ion beam are significantly larger than that of the 60Co γ radiation, in terms of the corrections for the polarity and ion recombination of the ionization chambers. The absorbed-dose to water of heavy ion beam deduced from different ionization chambers is consistent within the acceptance of uncertainty. Based on the measurement with ionization chambers, it is crucial to conduct more intensive research activities of radiation dosimetry including the absolute measurement with calorimetric facility, with the purpose of further optimizing the uncertainty in the measurement for the absorbed-dose to water of heavy ion beam.     

液钠沸腾两相流流型与临界热流密度(CHF)机理实验研究

通过大量的液态金属钠临界热流密度 (CHF)的实验研究 ,结合液钠两相传热流动特性及液钠的物性特点 ,分析了起始沸腾流型 ,泡状流 ,块状流 ,环状流和双向环状流的热工水力特性 ;并从实验结果出发 ,深入分析了液钠发生临界热流密度时的气泡爆炸和液膜撕裂或局部蒸干的两种传热恶化机理     

Vibratory Compaction of Uranium Dioxide, (II) Compaction of Sol-Gel UO2 Powder with a Pneumatic Vibrator

Vibratory compaction was studied making use of a pneumatic vibrator to pack sol-gel UO₂ powder in a thermal reactor type fuel canning tube. It is shown that the pneumatic vibrator utilized is superior to the commonly used electrodynamic vibrator from the view point of easy operation and high attainable density. Compared with the latter type, the pneumatic vibrator is less restrictive in the range of mesh size composing each fraction of the starting powder, and good results could be obtained with a powder with coarse, medium and fine fractions respectively having mesh ranges of 4–6 (60%), 20–65 (20%) and ?200 (20%).

The selected operational conditions are: vibration frequency; 300 cpm, driving air pressure; 3 kg/cm² and duration of operation; 10 min.

Fuel rods of 100cm length compacted in these conditions with sol-gel UO₂ (particle density: 96%T.D.) attained a bulk density of 88.2±0.2% T.D. with an axial density distribution as uniform as ±3% T.D.     

Poly （Acrylamide-co-Acrylic Acid） Hydrogel Induced by Glow- Discharge Electrolysis Plasma and Its Adsorption Properties for Cationic Dyes

In this paper, poly （acrylamide-co-acrylic acid） （P（AM-co-AA）） hydrogel was pre- pared in an aqueous solution by using glow-discharge electrolysis plasma （GDEP） induced copoly- merization of acrylamide （AM） and acrylic acid （AA）, in which N,N＇-methylenebisacrylamide （MBA） was used as a crosslinker. A mechanism for the synthesis of P（AM-co-AA） hydrogel was proposed. To optimize the synthesis condition, the following parameters were examined in detail： the discharge voltage, discharge time, the content of the crosslinker, and the mass ratio of AM to AA. The results showed that the optimum pH range for cationic dyes removal was found to be 5.0-10.0. The P（AM-co-AA） hydrogel exhibits a very high adsorption potential and the ex- perimental adsorption capacities for Crystal violet （CV） and Methylene blue （MB） were 2974.3 mg/g and 2303.6 mg/g, respectively. The adsorption process follows a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. In addition, the adsorption mechanism of P（AM-co-AA） hydrogel for cationic dyes was also discussed.     

AP1000非能动余热排出热交换器缩比C型管束二次侧传热模型实验研究

建立了非能动余热排出热交换器（PRHR HX）及内置换料水箱（IRWST）分离效应缩比实验系统,研究了PRHR HX排出堆芯余热过程中,单相自然对流阶段及两相池式沸腾阶段下的传热特性,并采用实验数据评价了传统经验关系式在预测PRHR HX缩比模型特殊C型传热管束时的适用性。实验结果表明,在PRHR HX余热排出过程中,IRWST内出现明显热分层现象。对于PRHR HX竖直管束自然对流、池式沸腾传热,传统经验关系式预测值均较为保守;对于下部水平管束,自然对流阶段推荐Churchill自然对流传热公式,池式沸腾阶段推荐Rohsenow经典池式沸腾传热公式;上部水平管束由于受到流体浮升、气泡扰动等因素的附加影响,在自然对流阶段及池式沸腾阶段的传热效果均优于下部水平管束。