糖化酶对高粱Lager啤酒麦汁组成和糖酵解的影响

我们进行了一个置信度P〈0．05的三因子实验，利用大麦麦芽（BM）或高梁芽（SM），精选玉米（MZ）或腊质高梁（WXSOR）粉粒为辅料，添加或不添加糖化酶（AMG）生产Lager啤酒，研究其144h发酵过程中糖酵解和乙醇生成情况。在BM麦汁中，葡萄糖、麦芽糖、麦芽三糖分别占总可发酵糖的20％，68％和13％，而这个比例在SM麦汁中则分别为35％，48％和17％。添加AMG后，麦汁中葡萄糖含量从9．3g／L增加到24．5g／L，总可发酵性糖含量用g葡萄糖／L表示，从59．2g／L增加到72．6g／L。和BM麦汁相比，SM麦汁的葡萄糖含量约高50％，而初始麦芽糖则要低40％左右。用WXSOR或MZ作酿造辅料，生产的麦汁和啤酒具有相似的特性。AMG的添加使麦汁中葡萄糖量增加2．5倍以上，并使可发酵性糖量增加23％以上。线性回归分析表明发酵过程中可发酵性糖的消耗符合一级反应方程。葡萄糖、麦芽糖和麦芽三糖消耗50％的时间分别为49h，128h和125h，这清楚地表明酵母优先利用葡萄糖。和不添加AMG的麦汁相比，添加AMG麦汁中的麦芽糖和麦芽三糖的消耗速度分别加快和变慢了。发酵终了，BM啤酒的乙醇含量（5．1％，v／v）比SM啤酒（3．9％，v／v）要高。在添加AMG的啤酒生产中，用BM还是用SM及添加MZ辅料在最终的乙醇浓度上并无明显区别。研究结果表明，AMG可以降低糊精含量，增加初始葡萄糖量和总可发酵性糖量，特别是在利用SM为原料的时候，该现象更为明显。     

低醇菠萝果酒酿造工艺的研究

用发酵法生产低醇优质菠萝果酒，对4种果酒专用的酿酒酵母进行了对比试验，确定选用最适合菠萝酒酿造的酵母菌株Y19：同时对影响菠萝果酒品质的重要工艺参数进行了探讨，确定菠萝果酒酿造最佳含糖量为20％，主发酵温度20℃，发酵时间7d，添加偏重亚硫酸钾110mg／L。经过成分调配、澄清、陈酿等工艺得到酒精含量为10％（v／v），糖含量为45g/L的优质、低醇甜型菠萝果酒。     

混种固定化细胞发酵海藻豆乳醋酸饮料的研究

以海藻汁液和大豆浆混合液为原料，固定化清酒酵母或产香酵母A-2于25℃或30℃发酵12h，再接种固定化醋酸杆菌于35℃发酵18h，发酵液经过滤后，制成海藻豆乳醋酸饮料，经测定该饮料总酸含量为4．2g／L-4．5g／L，总酯含量为1．6g／L-1．8g／L，乙醇含量为0．83%-0．86％（v／v），碘含量为15mg／L-16mg／L。     

木瓜果酒加工工艺的研究

木瓜果实富含有机酸、皂甙、维生素、胡萝卜素、氨基酸、果胶、黄酮类和钾、镁、钙、锌、铁、锰、磷等多种微量元素和营养物质，具有极高的食用和营养保健价值。果实破碎时加入0．1％果胶酶和按100mg/kg加入2％偏重亚硫酸钠溶液；添加蔗糖调整果汁含糖量为20％～22％，加柠檬酸调整总酸在0．6～0．8g／100mL；主发酵接种量为5％，18～22℃发酵3～4d，发酵至醪液中残糖1．0％以下，酒精度为9．5％-10．0％(v／v)时结束；后酵温度10℃，时间2～3周，至醪液残糖含量降至0．1％以下完毕。     

高产酒精酵母SP-48的耐性生理研究

对SP-48菌株在不同酸碱浓度、酒精浓度、盐浓度、糖浓度下的生理特性进行了研究，并与ADY进行了比较。得出的结论为：ADY的耐酸碱能力高于SP-48；SP-48在耐酒精、耐盐和耐糖能力均高于ADY，耐酒精能力为20％(v／v)，可在含18％(v／v)酒精的培养基中发酵；耐盐能力为7％；可在50％的葡萄糖培养基中发酵。     

NaOH-过氧乙酸预处理白酒丢糟多酶复配糖化研究

探讨了白酒厂发酵丢糟原料NaOH．过氧乙酸预处理后,多酶复配糖化制备糖液的工艺。研究发现,白酒丢糟经预处理（2％NaOH,固液比1：10（w：v）,85℃,90min;6％过氧乙酸,固液比1：5（w：v）,75qC,90min）,固体中96．20％纤维素被保留,71．90％木质素被去除;预处理后固体部分利用多酶复配糖化,在主要添加纤维素酶NS22086的基础上,补充B．葡萄糖苷酶NS22118、木聚糖酶NS22083、复合酶NS22119、复合酶NS22002及葡萄糖淀粉酶NS22035,经48h糖化水解,酶解液中总糖（以还原糖计）、葡萄糖和木糖浓度分别为107．30g/L、57．44g／L和16．53g／L。该条件最终得到酶解液中总糖、葡萄糖和木糖产率分别为659．13mg／g、317．22mg／g和96．01mg／g（预处理后干丢糟）的较高水平,为进一步利用生物质材料降解糖制备燃料酒精、食用酒精、食用冰乙酸以及焦糖色的工艺提供了重要参考。     

固态发酵高产酒精酵母菌株的选育

从白酒酒醅中分离得到的目的菌株经初步分析测定属于酵母属酵母（Saccharomyces,cerevisiae)，在PH2．8的液体培养基中可以正常发酵温度35－37℃，对乙酸和丁酸最小敏感浓度分别为400mg/L和30mg/L；最小酒精致死浓度（Minimal Inhibitory Concentration,Mic)，为20%(v/v)，在含水量65％的固态基质上发酵酒精浓度达到12．0％(v/w)，其淀粉利用率为89％。     

液体深层发酵法生产L-苹果酸的研究

以延胡索酸为原料，经^60Co诱变后获得优良菌株温特曲霉Aspergillus wentti F-891，在1000L罐中液体深层发酵生产L-苹果酸。试验研究了发酵过程中通气量、温度、pH值以及搅拌转速等因素对延胡索酸转化率、L-苹果酸产率的影响。结果表明，液体深层发酵生产L-苹果酸的最佳发酵工艺条件为：延胡索酸浓度11％，通气量1：0．8v／v／min（48h前）～1：1．20v／v／min（48h后），温度30℃（48h前）～25℃（48h后），初始pH值6．0-6．2，发酵周期96h-108h，搅拌转速200r／min；延胡索酸平均转化率83．07％，平均产L-苹果酸108．72g／L。     

低醇无花果发酵酒制备及其风味成分分析

以无花果干为原料,添加白砂糖、柠檬酸或乳酸,接种SIHA-Active-Yeast 3酵母于20℃发酵,制备低醇无花果发酵酒。研究无花果酒发酵进程中pH、总酸、还原糖、总糖的变化,通过有机酸、挥发性成分测定与感官评价确定无花果酒的风味特征。实验结果表明:发酵过程中无花果酒pH、总酸含量增加,总糖含量降低。添加1、2 g/L柠檬酸、乳酸发酵的无花果酒中总酸、总糖、还原糖、色度、有机酸含量的差异性显著(p<0.05)。顶空气相色谱法测得无花果酒中含6种酯类,3种醇类,1种醛类,其中异戊醇与辛酸乙酯含量在阈值以上,对无花果酒香气特征影响较大。实验中4种无花果酒均呈黄色或金黄色,有干果的甜香气味;添加1 g/L乳酸时,无花果酒酸度适中,口感醇厚,典型性好,感官评价最好。     

生物素高产菌株摇瓶发酵条件优化研究

介绍了在摇瓶水平上对高产生物素菌株Sporobolomg cesrosells HK301进行摇瓶发酵条件优化，并获得S．cesrosells HK301合成生物素的最佳发酵条件：葡萄糖为碳源，尿素为氮源。K2HPO4 1g／L；MgSO4 0．1g／L；FeSO4 0．01g／L。培养基初始pH值为7．2，接种量5％，最佳转速为230r／min。在此发酵条件下，生物素最高可达到540mg／L，生物素类物质产量为630mg／L，最终细胞干重为18．4g／L。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press