Prime-Time Television: Assessing Violence During the Most Popular Viewing Hours

This Study was designed to assess the prevalence and context of violence in prime-time television programming using a random, representative sample of 23 broadcast, independent, and cable channels. Results showed that, regardless of the times of day, viewers are likely to encounter violence in roughly 2 out of 3 programs when they view television. Using social cognitive theory to frame our analysis, we also identified specific channel types and genres that feature potentially harmful depictions of violence during prime time. Specifically, broadcast network and basic cable are the most problematic channel types, and reality television is the most problematic genre. Results are summarized highlight the day parts, channels, and genres that are most likely to contribute to negative effects from prime-time viewing.     

Engaging in Violence on American Television: A Comparison of Child, Teen, and Adult Perpetrators

This study examines the perpetrators of violence on American television in terms of their chronological age. In particular, the content analysis compares the amount and nature of violence committed by child and teen characters to that committed by adult characters. The results suggest that younger perpetrators are depicted in several ways that pose risks for the child viewer. Compared to adult perpetrators, child perpetrators are more often portrayed as attractive, are less likely to be punished for aggression, and engage in violence that results in fewer negative consequences to their victims. In addition, these younger characters are disproportionately featured on the very programs and channels that are targeted to the child audience. The findings are discussed in terms of children's attention to, and social learning from different types of characters on television.     

Considering Policies to Protect Children from TV Violence

For decades, lawmakers have been debating what they can do to protect children from the harmful effects of violence on television. The debate has intensified recently with three major proposals: (a) to require manufacturers to install a V-chip into all new televisions so parents can program their sets, thus preventing their children from being exposed to violence; (b) to require television programmers to display a violence rating for each program; and (c) to limit the showing of violent programs to "safe harbors" when children are not viewing. In the winter of 1996 Congress passed the Telecommunication Competition and Deregulation Act, which, among other things, adopted the first two proposals. We argue that the thinking behind each of these proposals is fundamentally flawed.     

Altruism on American Television: Examining the Amount of, and Context Surrounding, Acts of Helping and Sharing

Using a representative sample of television content featuring 2,227 programs across different genres and 18 different channels, the frequency and context of altruistic actions were content analyzed. A social cognitive theory approach was taken to guide the selection of contextual variables. The results showed that 73% of the programs in the sample featured instances of helping/sharing at a rate of 2.92 incidents per hour. Further, the actions were most likely to be initiated by adult White males and many acts were depicted in a humorous, realistic, and rewarding context. In terms of channel differences, shows on children's basic cable featured not only the highest proportion of programs with one or more instances of altruism but also the highest rate per hour (4.02 acts). Differences in contextual features and channel type are discussed in terms of social cognitive theory below.     

EPON技术在有线网络宽带数据业务中的应用

广电有线网络正由单一的传送广播电视节目传统业务逐渐向开展宽带数据等多功能增值业务发展,有线传输网络升级改造为有线宽带综合信息网络已成为必然趋势,而EPON接入技术被认为是当前广电比较理想的接入模式之一,就EPON接入技术在广电网络宽带数据业务中的应用进行探讨。     

What do children value in entertainment programs? A cross-cultural investigation

We investigated which program characteristics in children's entertainment television programs children between 6 and 11 years of age value. We collected data by means of questionnaires among 100 Dutch and 100 U.S. first through fourth graders. The most important characteristics for both Dutch and U.S. children were comprehensibility and action, closely followed by humor, interestingness, innocuousness, realism, violence, and romance, respectively. Compared to Dutch children, U.S. children attached more value to realism, innocuousness, and interestingness. Boys in both samples attached more value to action and violence in a children's program, whereas girls in both samples attached more value to innocuousness and comprehensibility.     

广电网站建设与数字电视

广电网站建设是数字电视节目源建设的重要内容，它既可以电视机为接收终端，也可以电脑为接收终端，用户既可收看电视节目也可浏览互联网内容，因此广电网站必将在推动数字电视多元化和互动化的进程中起到关键作用。     

网络广播电视台技术架构研究

各省市网络广播电视台整合了省市电视台的电视、广播内容.探讨了网络电视台的业务需求,针对当前国内普遍采用的网络电视台技术架构进行了介绍,提出了一种兼顾业务播出效率和内容安全需求的网络电视台技术架构方案,并对其架构组成进行了详细说明.     

基于大数据的广播电视安全播出技术

随着大数据时代的到来，各种现代信息技术为广播电视行业带来了许多新的机遇，如个性化推荐、智能化分析等，也提供了更多的数据来源和更强的数据处理能力，这使广播电视节目的制作、播出和观众反馈等都能得到更好的优化和改进。但是，这也使人们获取媒体内容、实时信息的渠道发生了巨大的变化，媒体内容的传播也变得更加容易和广泛，给传统的广播电视播出模式带来了新的竞争压力，网络安全、网络监管等问题也成为广播电视安全播出的重点考量因素。基于大数据的广播电视安全播出技术的类型以及影响其安全播出的因素等，文中提出了保障其安全播出的路径，以提高广播电视行业的服务质量和用户体验。     

城市电视台非线性网络编辑及硬盘播出系统的研究

社会地不断发展,使得很多新的科学技术层出不穷,网络技术改变了很多领域的发展方式,对于城市电视台来说,网络技术的出现给城市电台的发展带来了机遇,使得视频的剪辑更加方便,并且有利于电视台节目的编辑与制作。同时,数字电视的发展给城市电视台的非线性网络编辑提供了更加便利的条件,使得电视台可以集节目的采访、制作、播出为一体,提高了电视台职工的工作效率,但是在具体的发展过程中,电视台的节目播出与制作技术还有待提升,因此应该对于电视台的非线性网络编辑以及硬盘播出系统进行深入的研究。     

谈电视节目源传输——DAV基带视音频数字化传输

有线电视网络作为我国信息化网络的重要组成部分,对于信息传播具有重要的意义。但是由于我国有线电视技术的限制以及电视节目源传输技术的约束,使得我国有线电视的广播信号长期难以完全达到甲级状态,从而影响了我国有线电视的发展。DAV基带视音频数字化传输解决了这一问题,无论在传输质量还是抗干扰能力上都取得了较大的进步。介绍了DAV基带视音频数字化传输的特点及优势,以及对我国电视节目源传输的作用。     

基于EPON＋EOC技术的广电双向网改造方案

介绍了基于EPON＋EOC技术的广电双向网络改造方案,该方案全面提升有线电视网络的业务承载能力、交互应用能力和网络管理水平。根据目前已经成功进行广电改造的案例来看,该改造方案可行性好,完全胜任新业务的开展,支持三网融合。     

Violence in Music Videos: Examining the Prevalence and Context of Physical Aggression

The purpose of this study was to examine violence in music video programming. Using a representative sample of television content, we assessed whether the amount and context of physical aggression varied across different music video channels (BET, MTV, VH-1) and genres (adult contemporary, heavy metal, rap rhythm and blues, and rock). The results reveal that 15% of music videos feature violence, and most of that aggression is sanitized, not chastised, and presented in realistic contexts. Significant differences emerged in the prevalence and nature of violence by channel and genre, however. The findings are discussed in terms of the risk that exposure to violence in each channel and genre may be posing to viewers' learning of aggression, fear, and emotional desensitization.     

Violence in Children's Television Programming: Assessing the Risks

This study investigates the nature and extent of violence contained in television programming that targets children aged 12 and younger. The measures employed in this content analysis are grounded in previous experimental research that bas identified contextual features that either diminish or enhance the risk of harmful effects associated with viewing violent portrayals. This report uses the database from the National Television Violence Study (Wilson et al., 1998), which involved an unusually large and representative sample of programming. Results indicate that programs targeted to children contain more violence than do other types of programming, the violence itself is just as likely to be glamorized in children's as in nonchildren's shows, but it is even more sanitized and more likely to be trivialized. These patterns heighten the risk of viewers learning aggression and becoming desensitized from such portrayals. Finally, this study documents 5 subgenres of children's programming that differ dramatically in violent content.     

Commercial satellite broadcasting for Europe

A review is presented of the current television broadcasting situation in European countries, which involves a varied mix of terrestrial VHF or UHF systems and cable networks. A small market has emerged in Europe for receivers using the low-power telecommunications satellite transmission between the program providers and cable network companies. This is expected to change with the launch of medium-power pan-European telecommunication satellites (e.g. ASTRA, EUTELSAT II), which are now directly addressing the market of home reception. DBS (direct broadcast satellite) in the UK, using the D-MAC transmission standard, will offer three additional television channels, data broadcasting services, and a planned evolution to compatible forms of wide-screen, high-definition television. Comments are given on receiver and conditional access system standardization. Some views are expressed on satellite broadcasting as part of an overall broadcasting framework for the future     

光波分复用在农村广播电视共缆传输中的应用

浙江省海宁市广电网络已发展到光缆到镇、到村、到组的3级光缆传输阶段,在实施广播电视共缆传输中尝试了3种方案,第一种方案为基本配置方案,适用于现有电视网络,第二、第三种方案为网络升级改造方案.第三种方案关键在于光波分复用,技术含量要求较高,为广播电视信号的传输带来诸多优点.     

三网融合下的广播电视业务拓展策略研究

随着信息技术、网络技术的发展,以及三网融合在我国的推进,广播电视业务也将呈现多样的形式.从电视节目制作、广播电视内容传播、广播电视接收能力方面阐述了广播电视将出现新的业务形态,从而为管理者制定发展模式提供参考依据.     

HFC Access Network Design for Switched Broadcast TV Services

The hybrid fiber coax (HFC) is a modern broadband access network, providing advanced interactive services such as Internet access, digital interactive television and cable telephony. The edge costs dominate the cost of launching new services, at the time of deployment (CapEx) as well as for maintenance (OpEx). Therefore next-generation edge devices aim at the convergence of these services and their platforms into a single multi-service infrastructure, thus sharing resources and bandwidth. The focus of this paper is on the HFC access network design for bandwidth-intensive TV services, bringing standard as well as switched broadcast technologies into play. Standard broadcast TV service deployments, offered through the digital video broadcast (DVB) platform, require low installation costs, but the bandwidth consumption increases linearly with the number of available TV channels, even for very unpopular channels. Switched broadcast TV channels, offered on the (Euro-) DOCSIS platform together with other interactive unicast services such as video on demand, are only streamed to a node on the HFC access network if they are requested locally, thus limiting bandwidth consumption for less popular channels. We present an access network design tool, based on an analytical TV traffic model, minimizing the installation cost on the edge devices and study the influence of the most important traffic and content parameters.     

简述数字化在广播电视技术中的应用

在经济的发展下,科学技术随之提高,数字化在广播电视技术的使用中愈发普及.数字化技术身为广播电视技术中的重要方面,成为无法取缔的主要内容,可以有效提升广播电视信息在传输方面的效率以及质量,令电视节目的播放频道数量不断增加,人们对广播电视的所需均可获得满足,广播电视技术通过数字化的帮助,可以更加稳定的发展.     

非线编系统中水波纹效果特技算法的实现

视频特技用于电视图像播出或后期加工制作,以实现节目的多样化,并达到一定的艺术效果。讨论了视频特技中的一种具有代表性的水波纹特技算法在非编软件中的实现方法。