基于探针定位的原子力显微镜纳米操作虚拟夹具实现

尽管基于原子力显微镜(Atom force microscopy,AFM)的纳米操作在过去10年间取得了极大进展,但依然有两个问题没有得到很好解决:探针的精确定位和稳定性操作。由于压电陶瓷驱动器非线性和温漂的影响,使得探针相对于被操作物体的定位极其困难,从而造成纳米操作任务失败;同时,因为探针仅能对被操作物体施加点式作用力,在操作中经常出现探针滑过被操作物体,或者引起被操作物体的转动、形变等非理想结果,阻碍纳米操作的深入发展。针对上述问题,提出基于概率的虚拟夹具纳米操作方法,其核心思想是在基于路标观测的探针定位基础上,实现基于概率的探针多点并发操作策略—虚拟夹具方法。仿真与试验结果验证该方法可以稳定、长距离的推动纳米颗粒,能够对一维纳米材料(管、线、棒)进行定姿态操作,从而使AFM纳米操作效率得到极大提升。     

基于DSP的精密平面电机伺服驱动设计

提出了一种基于DSP的精密直流伺服驱动器设计方案,采用基于PI2算法的电流负反馈,及电流输出零点自校正算法等控制策略,应用于平面电机的超精密运动控制.给出了伺服驱动器结构及控制环路,分析了引起伺服驱动输出误差的不利因素,并提出了针对噪声、模数转换误差、模拟信号漂移等误差因素的处理方法.试验结果表明:采用此驱动方案的平面电机能建立精确的控制模型,达到纳米级的定位精度.     

基于梯形算子的AFM驱动器非对称迟滞性校正

原子力显微镜(AFM)通常采用压电陶瓷(PZT)作为驱动器以实现纳米尺度的观测和操作。然而,PZT自身的迟滞非线性会对AFM观测质量和操作精度产生很大影响。基于Prandtl-Ishlinskii(PI)模型的前馈控制方法可对PZT的迟滞非线性进行补偿,但传统PI模型无法消除PZT的非对称迟滞性的影响。针对这个问题,提出一种基于梯形算子的非对称迟滞模型,并可用系统辨识方法获取逆模型参数,该方法可有效实现具有非对称迟滞特性驱动器的前馈补偿控制。AFM系统实验证明,该模型可有效减小非对称迟滞性导致的建模误差,基于该模型的前馈迟滞补偿控制可有效提高AFM的扫描成像质量。     

基于AFM的虚拟纳米手操作策略研究

针对纳米操作过程中存在的不确定性及AFM单探针带来的纳米粒子的稳定操作问题,提出了虚拟纳米手操作策略.该策略采用蒙特卡洛方法描述粒子的不确定性,在纳米粒子推动操作的运动学模型基础上,对AFM探针的作用参数进行规划,模拟多探针并行操作效果,将粒子的中心位置限制在规定误差范围内,从而可以避免操作过程中粒子的丢失,实现粒子的稳定高精度纳米操作,仿真结果与实验操作结果相对比,验证了虚拟纳米手操作方法的有效性.     

具有三维力反馈的原子力显微镜纳米操作系统

在基于原子力显微镜的纳米操作过程中，由于缺乏实时反馈信息，造成纳米操作效率低下且灵活性差，同时探针因受力过大而损坏。为此，本文通过对探针受力-悬臂变形进行建模，并根据实时检测到的悬臂变形信号、新的参数获取与校准方法，从而获取探针所受的实时三维纳米力。将此三力经比例放大后送人力／触觉设备进行感知，操作者就可以实时调节施加在探针上力的大小及探针的运动轨迹，使得操作的效率及灵活性明显提高，且可以避免探针因受力过大而造成损坏。纳米刻画和多壁碳纳米管的操作实验验证了系统的有效性。     

基于Prandtl–Ishlinskii模型的超磁致伸缩驱动器实时磁滞补偿控制研究

针对超磁致伸缩驱动器(GMA)存在复杂的磁滞非线性易降低系统性能,导致系统不稳定的问题,建立了可以精确描述磁滞现象的模型并提出了合适的驱动控制方法。首先,基于Prandtl-Ishlinskii(PI)模型对GMA磁滞建模,并采用最小均方法(LMS)进行模型参数辨识,模型预测误差为0.037 9 μm。接着,通过对PI模型解析求逆进行实时补偿控制,从而有效减小磁滞误差,补偿控制误差为0.309 μm。实验结果证明,PI模型可以精确描述GMA磁滞现象,且具有计算简单,磁滞跟踪能力强的优点。基于该模型的实时磁滞补偿控制方法可以有效减小磁滞误差,提高GMA实时驱动定位控制精度,是实现GMA精密驱动控制的一种有效方法。     

纳米操作系统的研究现状与关键技术

纳米操作是用于研究纳米材料、结构和装置的性质特征的基本技术,也是纳米构筑单元准备、纳米设备装配的必备技术。目前典型的纳米操作系统有基于扫描探针显微镜的系统,基于电子显微镜的系统,基于光镊的系统及混合式系统。详细阐述了各类系统的特点和发展现状。分析了末端工具、显微成像、定位与驱动、操作策略等纳米操作系统中的关键技术,并对发展趋势进行了展望。     

基于机器视觉的宏/微双驱动与控制系统的研究

针对目前单一的驱动方式日益不能满足越来越多的微操作的要求;提出了利用步进电机和压电驱动器组成宏/微双驱动的微操作平台.步进电机实现大行程移动和定位,压电驱动器进行高精度定位误差补偿.同时为了解决宏/微双驱动两部分的协调控制问题,提出了利用全局机器视觉的协调控制方法,将末端执行器与目标点的距离作为控制阈值;如果当前距离大于设定的控制阈值,则启动宏动台进行驱动定位;否则启动压电驱动器进行定位误差补偿.试验结果表明:系统的定位速度快,定位精度为1μm,稳定定位时间小于40ms.     

基于压电陶瓷光电相移驱动的大行程纳米定位系统

由于压电陶瓷驱动器作纳米定位控制系统驱动元件会导致定位过程中出现超调及振荡现象,故提出了一种新的基于外差干涉仪和自制高频相移电路的光电相移压电陶瓷驱动方法。实验论证了在严格控制的实验环境下,压电陶瓷能实现自主位置锁定并以纳米量级步距值被逐步推进。步距值可控的压电陶瓷驱动器与商用宏动平台结合,可实现纳米精度重复性的大行程定位系统。实验结果表明,对于5mm往返行程的位移,在靠近目标处执行理论值为5nm步距值的步进位移时,系统的定位重复性精度小于1nm。该定位方法规避了压电陶瓷的机械非线性误差,具有系统架构简单,定位速度快等优点,可应用于当前纳米科技和超精密加工等领域。     

新型冲击驱动器及其在扫描隧道显微镜中的应用

提出了一种基于压电陶瓷的新型冲击式微位移驱动器，该驱动器利用摩擦力和惯性原理使目标产生步进式的微位移。其特点是最小位移可达几纳米，并在几纳米至几微米之间连续可调，运动范围几乎不受限制，具有实用的运动速度，系统结构简单，操作与控制方便，因而可能在微纳米技术中得到广泛应用。阐述了该驱动器的工作原理和机构设计，给出了它在扫描隧道显微镜中用于探针一样品间的自动定位控制的应用实例，得到了理想的结果。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

Limits of topographic measurement by the scanning tunnelling and atomic force microscopes

Parameters describing the topographic character of a surface (height, surface wavelength, slope and curvature) can be derived from equivalent sinusoidal profiles. The response of a surface-measuring instrument may be modelled in terms of instrument parameters such as stylus radius, and scanning range and resolution. The performance of the instrument may then be mapped as a zone in amplitude-wavelength (AW) space to show the sinusoidal profiles it is capable of measuring. In a first-order analysis the STM and AFM are considered as equivalent to contact-stylus instruments with a notional stylus radius equal to the tip radius plus the gap. Comparisons between different instruments and types of instrument are readily made by mapping in AW space. The error arising from convolution of the sinusoidal profile with that of the finite tip may be quantified and plotted as contours in AW space.