液体充灌系统液体泵的配管技术

本文介绍液体充灌系统流程的特点,以及泵的吸入管道、回气管道及排出管道的配置方法。并以张家港中比欧西气体工业公司的液氮充灌站工程的成功实践,说明配管中应注意的问题和正确配管的重要性。图2表1。     

液化气站钢瓶充灌计量中的问题及技术改造

指出了液化气站钢瓶充灌计量中存在有损消费者利益的问题,并给出了具体的解决问题的技术改造方案。     

ISO标准将助天然气动力车快速推广

为应对业界对推广天然气动力车辆的迫切需求，ISO近期在加紧制订车用天然气燃料充灌站的标准。ISO就制订车用天然气燃料充灌站标准新设立的项目委员会ISO／PC252，日前在荷兰召开了首次会议，     

液氦站工艺及设备选择

本文介绍了液氦站的基本流程、主要设备及其确定数量的计算公式,同时介绍了高压中压混合灌充装置、中压灌充装置和低压气柜等三种氦液化系统。图3。     

上海BOC建液氦站 江都供大桥牌贮氦袋

<正>上海BOC气体工业有限公司已建成大型液氦充灌站,主要设备及液氦全部从美国进口,设计生产能力为年充灌液氦20万升、气氦20万m3以上;产品质量液氦为99．9999%、气氦为99．999%以上。经过半年的运行,产品质量稳定,受到用户的好评。     

20万升/年液氦充灌站简介

介绍上海20万升/年液氦充灌站的流程设计、设备及功能、主要设备参数及使用结果,总投资300万元人民币。图3。     

非共沸混合工质自复叠热泵相积存实验研究

混合工质循环浓度是影响自复叠热泵循环性能的主要因素之一,而相积存导致工质循环浓度偏离充灌浓度,造成热泵性能变化.实验结果表明热泵中存在明显的相积存,最大可达充灌总量的50%以上;加热水温度对相积存的影响很大,每升高10℃,积存量减少10%～21%;工质充灌浓度一定时,积存量随充灌量的增大而增加,工质充灌量增加10%,其积存比例增加1%左右.相积存导致工质循环浓度高于充灌浓度1.6%～37%,由于工质积存量随加热水温度的升高不断降低,循环工质浓度受相积存的影响也不断减小而逐渐接近充灌浓度.     

用灌充法测量氧压机排气量的误差分析

本文比较了同一规格氧压机的鉴定实测数据,分析了灌充法测量排气量所得相对排气量±5%误差的原因,介绍了用灌充法测量排气量应注意的几个问题。表1,参考文献3。     

系统仿真确定制冷剂充灌量

对空调循环性能实验装置建立了稳态分布参数系统仿真模型,进行了以R22为工质的变工况、变充灌量的系统仿真,得出了工质充灌量对系统循环参数和循环性能的影响规律。研究表明,充灌量影响冷凝器换热面积的合理分配,从而影响循环性能;系统存在最佳充灌量,与工况变化关系不明显,以合理的过冷度和各工况下制冷系数最大为表征。     

混合工质应用于制冷系统中泄漏的理论分析

本文对制冷系统中混合工质发生泄漏后其成分的变化和由此引起的循环性能变化进行了理论分析。计算结果表明：在工业实际应用中,制冷系统发生泄漏后再充灌,其成分的变化引起循环性能变化很小。作者认为：工业上混合工质的充灌和泄漏后再充灌其成分发生变化不成为其推广应用的障碍。     

行星磨中物料填充率对水泥熟料破碎参数的影响

为了评估行星磨的粉磨效率,对卧式行星磨中物料填充率对水泥熟料的破碎速率和初始破碎分布函数进行研究。实验所用的物料填充率为0.07、0.08、0.09、0.10、0.12,物料为>2.36~3.35、>2.0~2.36 mm粒级的水泥熟料,对不同物料填充率下的破碎速率进行比较。结果表明,不同物料填充率下对水泥熟料进行粉磨遵循一级粉磨动力学方程,两个粒级的物料破碎速率都是在填充率为0.10时最大,此时的粉磨速率最快;初步研究认为物料填充率对初始破碎分布参数影响较大;>2.36~3.35 mm粒度的物料填充率为0.07时曲线下半段的斜率最小,下半段的截距和上半段的斜率在物料填充率为0.12时达到最大值;2.0~2.36 mm粒度的物料填充率为0.09时曲线下半段的斜率最小,下半段的截距和上半段的斜率在物料填充率为0.12时达到最大值。     

Hardfacing of Wear-Resistant Deposits by MAG Welding with a Flux-Cored Wire Having Graphite in Its Filling

A high carbon content in a ledeburite-martensite deposit provides high wear resistance. This can be accomplished in hardfacing by MAG welding with covered electrodes, alloying fluxes, and flux-cored wires. Hardfacing with covered electrodes is not efficient, whereas application of alloying fluxes is suitable only for the flat welding position. Hardfacing by flux-cored MAG welding, however, is efficient and suitable also for out-of-position welding, i.e., in the horizontal-vertical and overhead positions, which is particularly important in maintenance. The paper deals with the investigations of the influence of hardfacing-weld alloying by means of the cored-wire filling in hardfacing both by CO₂ welding and welding with no externally supplied shielding medium. The efficiency of alloying the hardfacing weld depended on the composition and the filling ratio of the wire. In hardfacing of martensite-ledeburite deposits, the high carbon content in the deposit was provided by the addition of graphite to the cored-wire filling. A result of the high graphite content in the filling was a reduction of the filling ratio of the wire, and, consequently, weaker alloying of the hardfacing weld. As little as 10 wt.% graphite in the wire filling substantially affects alloying of the hardfacing weld. In this case, the amount of carbide-forming elements in the hardfacing weld will be reduced by around 4 wt.% whereas the carbon content will increase by as little as 1%, which, however, is enough to obtain high-quality martensite-ledeburite wear-resistant deposits with S-BC3 cored wires and with no externally supplied shielding medium of which the chemical composition, structure, and wear resistance were quite comparable to those obtained with a CrWC 600 covered wire (produced by SZ-Elektrode, Jesenice). Advantages of the cored wire over the covered electrode are substantially higher performance and lower consumption of the electric current.     

Maximum Gauge Pressure in Dangerous Goods Packagings Under Normal Conditions of Carriage – Comparison of Direct Measurement and Calculation

The objective of this work was to determine the maximum gauge pressure in the vapour phase above the liquid in different design types of dangerous goods packagings under normal conditions of carriage. The design types investigated were steel and plastic packagings with a volume of approximately 6 l. Two different methods were applied. In method 1, the pressure inside the packaging filled with a certain filling substance (dichloromethane) was directly measured under simulated conditions of carriage (degree of filling: 90%; filling temperature: 15°C; temperature during storage: 31°C). The maximum measured gauge pressures were between 89 mbar for a light plastic jerrican and 336 mbar for a steel drum. In method 2, the gauge pressure was calculated. The consideration of a rigid packaging combined with the assumption of a vapour pressure of zero during filling and sealing can serve as a worst case scenario. The calculated gauge pressure is approximately 1061 mbar. This procedure leads to the highest safety factor and does not require any experimental investigations. For a more realistic approximation of the gauge pressure of a non‐rigid packaging, a packaging‐specific function of relative expansion can be used, which is determined by a hydraulic pressure test. The calculated values ranged from 105 to 347 mbar. Method 2 provides conservative results. No hazardous filling substance is needed, and it allows a prediction of gauge pressure for other temperatures, substances and filling degrees. Therefore, this method could serve as alternative to UN Model Regulations 6.1.5.5.4 (a). Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

中小型石油库站CAD系统的开发

介绍了一种中小型石油库站CAD系统的基本结构，主要功能和采用的主要技术路线，该系统采用基于图块的设计技术和开放式数据库管理技术，建立了中小型石油库站工程设计图库，提供了一系列设计、计算、修改，编辑，标注工具，按照相关国家标准和规范生成各种工程图和相关的设计、计算文档，允许工程设计人员进行开放式维护管理。     

M袋自动挂面包装机关键装置设计与仿真

目的针对包装规格2～2.5 kg直线式M袋自动挂面包装效率低、落料及封口存在问题等,设计一种卧式-间歇-回转给袋式自动挂面包装机。方法基于包装机生产效率分析,采用模块化、集成化的设计思想,设计包装机关键装置,以实现自动取袋、开袋、落料、整型、封口等功能。用SolidWorks软件对包装机的各个装置进行三维建模,并进行虚拟装配,检验设计的合理性。结果设计的卧式-间歇-回转M袋自动挂面包装机可以实现包装规格为2～2.5 kg/袋挂面的自动化包装,其生产效率比直线式的包装机提高了20%,并有效避免了落料及封口时出现的故障。结论所设计的新型自动挂面包装机结构合理,能够提高生产效率,给挂面自动化包装提供了一种可行的解决方案。     

卧式行星磨粉磨水泥熟料的最佳参数研究

采用自行设计的卧式行星球磨机,在公转转速为300 r/min、自转与公转转速比为2.5的条件下,研究装球率、料球体积比、填充率对水泥熟料粉磨的影响。结果表明:成品粉体产率随装球率的增大呈增加趋势,在装球率为6.00%～10.51%时尤为明显,装球率大于10.51%时,增加趋势开始变缓;在固定填充率下,料球体积比为0.5时,成品粉体产率最大为65.80%;料球体积比为0.5,总填充率为35%时,成品粉体产率最大为68.56%。     

真空容器充气时间计算

真空容器充气时间的计算,至今尚无简易方便的计算公式。本文通过对空气流经充气阀孔向真空容器充气时气体流动状态的判别,又根据真空容器与充气装置的构成关系,建立数学模型,由此导出了真空容器充气时间的计算通式、简易计算式及平均充气速率。     

基于双闭环的直线容积式自校正灌装设备控制系统设计及应用

基于直线容积式灌装设备灌装精度不高的问题,研究了一种带称量反馈的直线容积式灌装设备,采用直线容积式进行灌装,容积缸采用高精度的伺服电机驱动,保证了容积缸准确的运动位移。容积式灌装同时将等量物料灌装到反馈秤里进行称量式校正,实时测量灌装误差并且自动校正,使得此种灌装生产线既有称量式灌装的高精度,又有直线容积式灌装的高速度,在实际应用中取得了较好的使用效果。     

Fast Flexible Space‐Filling Designs for Nonrectangular Regions

Space‐filling designs allow for exploration of responses with many different settings for each input factor. While much research has been done using rectangular design spaces, it is not uncommon to have constraints on the design region where some combinations are impossible or undesirable to run. In this article, we present an intuitive method for quickly generating space‐filling designs that have the flexibility to accommodate nonrectangular design regions. We also show that these designs perform favorably compared with other standard designs with respect to the average distance of an arbitrary point in space to the closest design point. This property holds even when the design region is rectangular. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

大力推广应用和发展充气包装技术

介绍充气包装常用六种气体，和它们在社会各行业的适用范围，阐述了充气包装良好 腐防锈能力，探讨了如何推广应用和发展充气包装技术。