层状硅酸镍纳米管催化剂的可控制备及其催化性能研究

通过水热法合成了具有管状结构的层状硅酸镍纳米管材料，并考察了水热反应温度、时间、压力和氢氧化钠用量等对材料形貌和结构的影响。结果表明，氢氧化钠用量、水热反应温度、反应时间是影响层状硅酸镍纳米管形成的关键因素，而水热反应压力对层状硅酸镍纳米管材料的形成无明显影响。确定了层状硅酸镍纳米管材料合成的最佳水热反应条件：水热反应温度为200℃、水热反应压力为2 MPa、n(Ni)∶n(NaOH)=1∶（54～72）、水热反应时间为12 h。此外，考察了层状硅酸镍纳米管催化剂在二氧化碳甲烷化反应中的催化性能，结果表明层状硅酸镍纳米管催化剂表现出了优异的二氧化碳甲烷化反应催化性能和反应稳定性，经过72 h的反应测试，催化剂性能没有明显降低，也没有出现镍纳米颗粒团聚烧结现象。     

笼状磷酸酯三聚氰铵盐阻燃剂的合成及阻燃性能研究

以磷酸、季戊四醇、三聚氰胺为原料合成了笼状磷酸酯三聚氰铵盐阻燃剂，根据该阻燃剂的膨胀率及剩碳率，确定了最优合成条件为：原料配比(磷酸：季戊四醇：三聚氰铵为3：1：1)，中间产品I的合成温度120～130℃，合成时间为90～120min，固化温度190～2l0℃，固化时间110～130min。将该阻燃剂应用于聚乙烯，取得了良好的阻燃效果。     

鸡脂控制氧化-热反应制备鸡肉香精

以过氧化值、茴香胺值和酸值表征鸡脂氧化状态,通过正交实验研究了氧化温度、氧化时间、空气流速等因素对鸡脂控制氧化的影响,确定了以制备肉味香精前体物为目标的鸡脂氧化较优工艺:氧化温度120℃、氧化时间2 h、空气流速0.025 m3/(h.100 g脂肪)。热反应条件固定为加热温度110℃,时间40 m in,w(氧化鸡脂)=1%,感官评价了各氧化鸡脂的热反应产物气味特征,确定了鸡脂控制氧化-热反应制备鸡肉香精的氧化鸡脂工艺指标:过氧化值200~600 mmol氧/kg脂肪,茴香胺值105~330,酸值<4.7 mg KOH/g脂肪。     

氧化-酯化-MMA接枝复合变性木薯淀粉的合成与表征

以木薯淀粉为主要原料,经双氧水氧化、邻苯二甲酸酐酯化,再与甲基丙烯酸甲酯进行接枝合成出复合变性淀粉。实验得到较佳的反应条件为:氧化反应时间为2h,温度为40℃,氧化剂用量为5mL,酯化反应时间为4.5h,温度为45℃,催化剂用量为4%;接枝反应的接枝时间为4.0h,温度为40℃,投料比(MMA∶酯化淀粉)为1.75∶1,引发剂浓度为0.05mol/L。用红外光谱(FTIR)、扫描电镜(SEM)对原料和复合变性薯淀粉的结构进行了表征。     

正交实验法优化铝合金阳极氧化工艺

介绍了铝合金阳极氧化的生产工艺流程,通过正交实验优化了铝合金阳极氧化工艺和封孔条件,结果表明有利于阳极氧化膜厚度增加的最佳工艺为：氧化温度为23～25℃、电流密度为1．6A/dm2、氧化时间为35min、封孔温度为25℃、封孔时间为20min;有利于封孔质量的最佳工艺为：氧化温度为25℃、电流密度为1．3A／dm2、氧化时间为25min、封孔温度为30～40℃、封孔时间为20min：本实验可以为铝合金阳极氧化生产实践提供一种可行的研究方法和实验依据.     

双乙酸钠的研制

本文介绍了双乙酸钠的特点及应用情况，提出一种合成工艺，考察了物料配比、反应温度、时间及干燥条件对产品质量的影响，当n(HAC)：n(Na2CO3)=3．7：1～4．2：1，反应温度为120～130℃，反应时间为1～2h，干燥温度为70～80℃，干燥时间为2～7h，产品质量合格，收率在95％以上。     

微波辅助复合氧化法合成氧化玉米淀粉

以玉米淀粉为原料、以过氧化氢和过硫酸钾为复合氧化剂、以Fe2＋为催化剂,在酸性条件下采用微波辅助复合氧化法合成氧化玉米淀粉。以反应温度、微波催化合成/萃取仪功率、催化剂质量分数（占干淀粉总量,下同）、复合氧化剂质量分数（占干淀粉总量,下同）、淀粉乳浓度、体系pH值、反应时间等因素为变量,以氧化度为衡量指标,采用单因素实验和正交实验确定微波辅助复合氧化法合成氧化玉米淀粉的最佳工艺条件为：反应温度55℃、微波催化合成/萃取仪功率400 W、催化剂质量分数0.3%、复合氧化剂质量分数8%、淀粉乳浓度45%、体系pH值4.00、反应时间21min,在此条件下,可以制得氧化度为0.140%的氧化玉米淀粉。     

机械活化木薯淀粉氧化产物的阻垢性能

采用搅拌球磨机对木薯淀粉进行机械活化,以活化60min的木薯淀粉为原料,CuSO4 为催化剂,H2O2为氧化剂干法制备氧化淀粉,考察了活化时间、氧化淀粉浓度、pH.温度、钙离子浓度、时间等因素对木薯淀粉氧化产物阻碳酸钙垢性能的影响.结果表明,机械活化对木薯淀粉氧化产物的阻垢率有显著的影响.活化60min的木薯淀粉的氧化产物在氧化淀粉浓度10.0 mg-L-1;pH7.0.温度80℃,Ca2+离子质量浓度500.0 mg-L-1恒温时间10.0h的条件下阻垢率为93.5%,而在相同条件下,原木薯淀粉氧化产物的阻垢率仅为22.4%.并就机械活化木薯淀粉氧化产物阻碳酸钙垢的机理进行了探讨.     

木薯淀粉催化氧化研究

以Cu^2＋为催化剂、双氧水为氧化剂催化氧化木薯淀粉，考察了反应pH值、催化剂用量、反应时间和反应温度对氧化反应的影响。实验结果表明：在固定pH=7的条件下，氧化淀粉羧基含量较多的最佳工艺条件为：反应温度50℃，双氧水用量10％，反应时间4h，催化剂用量0．04％。在最佳工艺条件下，可制得羧基含量达0.9％左右的氧化木薯淀粉。     

羧甲基淀粉接枝共聚物降失水剂研究

以玉米淀粉为原料,对其进行碱化及醚化,将醚化中间体与AM、AA、DMDAAC进行接枝共聚.玉米淀粉羧甲基化的最佳合成条件为：40℃碱化1h,水∶淀粉=1∶1（质量比）,NaOH∶ClCH2 COOH=2.25∶1（摩尔比）,以及醚化时间为3h、温度51℃.CMS与烯类单体接枝共聚的最佳合成条件为：硝酸铈铵∶过硫酸钾=1∶1（质量比）,反应温度55℃,时间4h.接枝共聚产品的降滤失性能有所差异,当各自降滤失性能发挥至极佳时,产品的最佳合成配方也不尽相同.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。