地域特色在新疆织毯装饰上的表现

织毯为人们的日常生活增添了一抹绚丽、浪漫的色彩。新疆拥有广阔的天然草地面积,畜牧业发达,因而产生了大量的优质毛料,为织毯的发展奠定了基础。同时众多少数民族、游牧民族聚居于此,不同的民俗、不同的宗教影响于织毯的装饰风格,使新疆地毯极具地域特点。随着社会的发展,织毯的社会功能逐渐高于它的使用功能。织毯除了满足人们生理需求与视觉享受之余,更多的是对其地域思想、地域文化的体现,并对其进行推广与传播。     

独龙族织毯人：慢慢织布，编织彩虹

正"今春花打好漆油茶,煮上土鸡蛋,准备招待远方而来的朋友。家中火塘下的炭灰里烤着山药和土豆。她正在织一床8米的毯子,彩虹般的纱线从窗户上倾斜而下。和秀梅家的房檐和门框上,用织了一半的独龙毯装饰,下面的未织起来的纱线自然垂落,形成好看的帘子,她正尝试着在彩虹条纹的独龙毯布面上织出提花的几何花纹。"     

伊朗产品设计:打破传统,创新再造

正谈及伊朗的产品设计,波斯地毯是我们最为熟知的代表性的居家设计品。如同香槟产自法国香槟区,波斯地毯的制造似乎也专属伊朗。其他类似的产品,则出自周边如土耳其、印度或尼泊尔等地,它们只能被称为"东方地毯"(Oriental Rugs)。两者的差异,主要来自编织样式的不同:波斯地毯为"单环结",比东方地毯的制作少了一结,每平方英寸需要16到800结不等,所以一张地毯的完成就需要几个月甚至几年的时间,这也使得它获得了"世界上最复杂,     

隐喻，作为观念的载体

随着60年代“新壁毯运动”的展开和当代艺术向装置与观念艺术的转变,女性主义、平民生活视角、身体观念、集体记忆等转译,开始渗透到“织毯”——纤维艺术的实验性创作中,“织毯”开始趋向用于言语表达,成为观念的载体,变成一种“隐喻”。     

基于FPGA的生产线毯背裂痕的快速检测

采用数字图像处理技术,完成了簇绒地毯的毯背裂痕快速检测算法的研究。由于地毯毯背材质方面凹凸不平,光线对采集图像的质量影响非常强烈,因此设计先利用幂次变换对图像进行增强,同时采用了改进的快速中值滤波算法进行图像的去噪处理,从速度和便于实现两方面考虑,又采用了改进的Canny算子来进行边缘检测,最后利用连通域标记法,依据裂痕的面积等特征实现了毯背的裂痕快速检测。表述了部分模块的FPGA实现,检测算法经MATLAB仿真证实合理可行。     

谜途：时间·空间·织毯

上海当代艺术博物馆携手巴黎市立现代艺术博物馆,联合推出《谜途：时间空间织毯》展,展览将展出6世纪至今的百余件来自欧洲、非洲和亚洲的织毯艺术作品。人类在发明文字之前就开始了编织的实践。结绳记事,诞生了最初的编织技术。     

基于PLC的包装盒自动上胶控制系统的设计

针对包装盒机械式涂胶的缺点,设计了一种基于KV-1000系列PLC的包装盒自动上胶控制系统,阐述了PLC控制系统的软硬件设计,给出了PLC的外围I/O分配表及主控制程序流程图.     

PLC在料杆分拣控制系统中的应用

PLC控制系统具备超高的运行稳定性,结构简单,操作方便,维护费用低廉等诸多优点使其始终处于工业自动化控制领域的主战场。本文简单介绍了PLC控制在全自动胶口裁切机中的料杆分拣部分的应用。该设备可以自动完成胶口裁切,取料,及料杆分拣。本文主要介绍了料杆拣出部分。     

基于可编程控制器的调胶控制系统设计

本文介绍了调胶控制系统的组成和工作原理,着重叙述了三菱PLC与LEODO人机界面结合的控制方式,使系统的性能得到较大的提高,系统投入运行后取得了良好的经济效益。     

基于PLC的甘油雾化控制系统设计

香烟滤棒对香烟质量是非常重要的。根据香烟滤棒的丝束甘油雾化喷涂原理,设计一种采用基于PLC的甘油雾化喷涂控制系统。该系统采用PLC作为主控制器,由压力变送器、流量计、分流器、加热器、检测器、恒压泵和温控器等组成。通过稳定雾化上胶,提高了喷洒效果及喷洒均匀度,并采用流量计精确控制丝束中甘油酯的含量,避免滤棒出现"滴油"(胶孔)和"干棒"现象,保证香烟滤棒质量。给出了雾化装置结构、实物图及原理流程图,最后对系统进行了实际运行测试。结果表明,系统运行可靠,滤棒的硬度控制达到国家标准,能较好实现工业化应用的目标。     

Musculoskeletal disorders among female carpet weavers in Iran

The aim of this study was to determine factors associated with self-reported upper extremity musculoskeletal disorders (UEMSDs) among female carpet weavers. Data on demographic characteristics and workplace factors were collected from 626 female carpet weavers. Type of carpet weaving looms, weaving style (Persian vs. Turkish), daily working hours and work experience as well as personal factors including age and marital status were significantly and independently associated with self-reported UEMSDs (p < 0.05), while education, handedness and weight of weaving comb were not. A major finding of this study was the significant association between weaving style and UEMSDs. Better measures of the biomechanical requirements of carpet weaving tasks in Persian and Turkish weaving types are required to understand better their influences on the health of weavers and on UEMSDs in particular. Poor workstation design, in particular, design inappropriate for the anthropometric dimensions of weavers, was a major risk factor for musculoskeletal symptoms in carpet weaving. Therefore, this industry should develop equipment adapted to women's sizes and shapes. PRACTITIONER SUMMARY: This article provides an insight into the risk factors associated with self-reported UEMSDs among female carpet weavers, identifying major factors associated with upper extremity musculoskeletal symptoms and exploring guidelines for designing weaving workstations.     

并联组称方法在小型调施胶系统中的应用

在小型调施胶系统中,基于称重传感器并联组称原理设计的称重系统,采集重量及其变化信息并传送至PLC,完成过程控制.     

Musculoskeletal problems in Iranian hand-woven carpet industry: guidelines for workstation design

Long hours of static work with awkward posture at traditionally designed looms can cause high prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) among carpet weavers. A comprehensive study was conducted in this industry with the objectives of determination of MSDs symptoms prevalence; identification of major factors associated with MSDs symptoms in carpet weaving occupation; and development of guidelines for weaving workstation design. In the present paper, this ergonomics study is presented. The study consisted of two phases. In the first phase, MSDs symptoms in nine Iranian provinces were surveyed by questionnaire among 1439 randomly selected weavers. Working posture and weaving workstations were ergonomically assessed as well. The results of this phase revealed that symptoms from the musculoskeletal system occurred in high rate among weavers with the prevalence significantly higher than that of the general Iranian population (P<0.001). It was found that the majority of ergonomics shortcomings originated from ill-designed weaving workstation. Based on the findings, some general guidelines for workstation design were presented. In the second phase, considering the general guidelines, an adjustable workstation was designed and constructed. To develop quantitative guidelines for optimizing workstation set-up, in the laboratory, nine sets of experimental conditions were tested, and working posture and weavers' perceptions were measured. The results of this lab work showed that working posture was acceptable for both the researchers and the weavers when the weaving height was adjusted 20 cm above the elbow height and a high seat with forward slope was used. By combining the results of the two phases, guidelines for weaving workstation design were presented. In this ergonomics-oriented workstation, loom is vertical. Seat, loom and weaving heights are adjustable. There is enough leg room under the loom. The seat with 10 degrees forward slope is adjusted 15 cm above the popliteal height of the weaver. Weaving height is set at 20 cm above the elbow height. It is believed that the recommended workstation improves working posture and results in reduced postural stress on weavers' bodies and, consequently, reduced prevalence of MSDs symptoms.     

PLC在自立袋罐装机控制系统中的应用

采用PLC和旋转编码器作为自立袋罐装机的控制系统,通过PLC的高速计数器将旋转编码器的转角读取,根据转角位置发出控制信号,简化了自立袋罐装机安装调试工作,同时增加了自立袋罐装机的柔性,提高了可靠性和工作效率。     

基于PLC的自动试样织机控制系统的开发

可编程控制器(PLC)是一种重要的、应用场合广泛的工业控制器,它是一种数字运算操作的电子控制设备。在我们所设计的试样织机控制系统中,采用了PLC作为下位机实现对试样织机控制,系统具有体积小、可靠性高、抗干扰能力强等优点。文中着重介绍了该控制系统的软硬件结构,并深入分析了使用PLC对试样织机控制的具体实现方法。     

基于S7-200粘胶温控系统的开发与应用

本文介绍了基于西门子S7-200PLC的粘胶生产控制自动化系统。论述了如何实现掉电保护功能,参数下载功能,变量记录功能以及通过Wincc来监控PLC;其中的参数下载功能具有故障提示功能。     

FX2N-4AD-PT在热熔胶机系统中的应用

主要介绍温度模拟量模块FX2N-4AD-PT在热熔胶机系统中的应用.系统中通过三菱FX3U-32MT PLC与温度模块的结合,实现了系统中四处地方的温度PID闭环控制,热熔胶加热平稳,胶温准确,不易炭化.具有很高的系统稳定度,大大提高了生产效率,保证了产品质量.系统已经应用于工业生产.     

并行通讯格雷码多圈旋转编码器和S7-200型PLC在石灰炉提升机上的应用

本文系统分析了各种旋转编码器和S7-200型PLC的特点,解决了用S7-200型PLC将格雷码翻译成二进制码等难题,选用并行通讯格雷码旋转编码器、S7-200型PLC和中文TD200人机界面组成控制系统,成功实现石灰炉提升机自动控制,控制系统必将在小规模精度定位领域中得到广泛应用。     

SOT型半导体元器件自动编带机的编带装置设计

封装形式为SOT-123的半导体元器件,其外形尺寸十分微小,针对这种半导体元器件设计了自动编带机。着重对SOT-123型半导体元器件编带机的编带装置的系统结构和误差分析进行了探讨。采用PLC、步进电机和旋转编码器组成半闭环控制系统,解决了高速频繁启动停止运动下步进电机的丢步问题。