壳聚糖原位合成复合炭材料及表征

以壳聚糖、导电剂(PbO)为原料,利用原位合成方法,制备了复合炭材料。利用X射线粉末衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜和电子能谱仪、比表面仪、拉曼光谱仪等对复合炭材料的组成、结构和形貌进行表征。结果表明,壳聚糖为碳源的复合炭材料具有非晶态结构,活性炭与导电剂相容性良好,孔径分布集中在5~10 nm,,比表面积高达487.4 m~2/g。壳聚糖比炭黑更适合作炭材料的碳源。     

石蜡/介孔复合相变材料的制备及其热性能

以高岭土为原料,通过微波合成法制备比表面积大、孔容量高、孔径分布均匀的介孔材料;并以该介孔材料为载体,石蜡为相变材料,采用真空吸附法制备石蜡/介孔复合相变储能材料。以N2-物理吸附脱附法、扫描电镜(SEM)及透射电镜(TEM)测试介孔材料的微观结构,通过FTIR对复合相变储能材料的兼容性进行表征,DSC测定复合相变储能材料的热性能,扩散-渗出圈法确定复合相变储能材料的稳定性。结果表明,所制备的介孔材料比表面积为961.64 m2/g,孔容量为0.854 mL/g,平均孔径为2.78 nm;复合相变储能材料中石蜡的最佳质量分数为50%,相变温度为56.9℃,相变潜热为75.2 J/g;石蜡和介孔材料是简单的嵌合关系,复合相变储能材料具有良好的热稳定性和兼容性。     

铈锆氧化物粉末制备工艺及其优化

用共沉淀法，氨水为沉淀剂，利用正交试验法对合成CeO2-ZrO2-La2O3粉末的工艺进行优化，结果得出：以100g／L混合料液为原料，聚乙二醇6000为分散剂，700℃煅烧可得粒度均匀，平均粒径约3μm的混合粉末。经激光粒度仪、TG、比表面积仪对优化合成的CeO2-ZrO2-La2O3复合氧化物粉末的粒度、热稳定性、比表面积进行了测试，证明CeO2-ZrO2-La2O3复合氧化物粉末具有粒度分布均匀，比表面积大的优良性能。     

Al2O3-SiO2纳米复合粉体材料的超临界制备及其性能

采用sol-gel法和超临界流体干燥技术合成了Al2O3-SiO2纳米复合粉,并研究了该复合粉经不同温度处理后的显微结构形貌、比表面积、孔容分布、物相变化及分形维数等的变化规律.结果表明热处理温度直接影响粉体的显微结构特征,并决定其比表面积、孔容和分形维数;该复合粉体材料的莫来石化温度为1015℃左右.     

掺铈镧氧化锆触媒材料的研制

以锆、铈、镧的无机盐为原料 ,采用共沉淀法制备了含CeO2 -La2 O3的ZrO2 复合氧化物触媒材料。通过改变铈化合物和镧化合物的添加量及焙烧温度来考察其对比表面积和主晶相的影响。利用XRD、BET、DTA等分析手段对合成的复合氧化物的部分性质和主要晶相进行检测分析 ,结果表明加入氨水作沉淀剂及铈化合物和镧化合物添加量一定时可得到以四方相为主的ZrO2 晶相 ,比表面积较大 ;通过碳—氢转化率的测定 ,碳氢转化率在 60 0℃可达到 80 % ,表明具有一定的触媒性能     

凹凸棒石／CeO_2复合纳米材料的合成、表征及催化性能

以大比表面积的凹凸棒石为载体,利用均匀沉淀法制备了具有高吸附性能的凹凸棒石/CeO2纳米复合催化剂,并采用X射线衍射、透射电镜、比表面积对负载了不同含量CeO2的凹凸棒石的结构进行了表征,探讨了反应温度和煅烧温度对复合材料形貌的影响,并研究了在CO催化氧化反应中不同CeO2负载量复合物的催化性能.结果表明:合成凹凸棒石/CeO2纳米复合材料的最佳反应温度为75℃,煅烧温度为200℃,此时50%负载量样品的比表面积最大,为223.8m2/g:凹凸棒/CeO2纳米复合纳米催化剂具有很强的协同催化效应,从而提高了催化活性,且CeO2负载量为50%～100%的复合材料的催化效果较好.     

沉淀法ZrO_2-Al_2O_3复合载体的制备及其甲烷化催化性能初探

以氧氯化锆和硝酸铝混合溶液为前驱体,氨水为沉淀剂,PEG-6000为分散剂,通过沉淀法合成多孔Zr O_2-Al_2O_3复合载体。利用正交实验考察了氧氯化锆和硝酸铝混合溶液浓度、锆铝摩尔比、分散剂质量、焙烧时间等因素对Zr O_2-Al_2O_3复合载体比表面积的影响,得到合成多孔Zr O_2-Al_2O_3复合载体的最佳工艺条件:氧氯化锆和硝酸铝混合溶液浓度为0.4 mol/L、锆铝摩尔比为3∶7、分散剂PEG-6000的质量为1 g、焙烧时间为6 h。对该条件下合成的多孔Zr O_2-Al_2O_3复合载体进行BET、SEM、XRD和粒度表征。结果发现,合成的多孔Zr O_2-Al_2O_3复合载体粒度小、分布均匀、表面疏松、比表面积大,适合做负载型催化剂载体的材料。通过浸渍法载镍制得Ni/Zr O_2-Al_2O_3催化剂,初步检测了其甲烷化催化活性,结果发现,CO转化率随温度单调增大,在470℃高达89%,之后有所减低;CH_4选择性最高可达98%。     

纳米WO_3·NiO·0.33H_2O光催化剂的结构与性能

采用复合表面活性剂作分散剂,用微波辐射法制备了较大比表面积的纳米复合半导体材料WO3·NiO·0.33H2O,利用XRD、TEM、BET和UV-Vis漫反射光谱技术对固体材料的组成结构和光吸收性能进行了表征。结果表明,微波辐射法制备的材料晶粒小,孔隙率大,结晶度高,比表面积大,为66.37m2/g;材料WO3·NiO·0.33H2O光响应波长达600nm,增强了光能利用率及光催化活性。     

三元复合钙基材料CaO-Ca3Al2O6-MgO的合成及其CO2吸附性能

采用Al₂O₃和MgO同时掺杂改性的方法制备了CaO-Ca₃Al₂O₆-MgO复合钙基高温吸附CO₂材料。复合钙基材料孔隙发达,活性物相为CaO,惰性骨架物相为Ca₃Al₂O₆和MgO。Ca₃Al₂O₆/MgO质量比偏小的材料,表面微粒粒径较小。在10%（体积分数,下同）CO₂和90% N₂的混合气气氛下,采用热重分析仪测量了复合钙基材料吸附CO₂容量、碳化反应速率以及循环碳化（670℃）/煅烧（900℃）过程的稳定性。结果发现,复合钙基材料CaO-Ca₃Al₂O₆-MgO具有较好的吸附CO₂性能,提高Ca₃Al₂O₆/MgO质量比,合成材料的循环稳定性较好;降低Ca₃Al₂O₆/MgO质量比,合成材料的碳化反应速率加快,CaO转化率提高。最后,通过对不同循环次数下复合钙材料的比表面积、孔径分布、微观形貌、表面元素分布,晶相、晶粒大小进行研究分析,对合成材料的失活以及掺杂物质对烧结的抑制机理进行了讨论。     

两种方法合成的MOFs材料表征及吸附性能研究

采用水热法和常温合成法合成了MOF-5和MOF-199两种金属有机骨架材料,通过X射线衍射、傅里叶红外光谱证实了合成样品的结构,并利用热重分析仪、光学显微镜和N2吸附装置对样品的粒径大小、孔径、晶粒完整程度、热稳定性和比表面积进行了表征。结果表明:两种合成法均可成功制备MOF-5和MOF-199材料,但水热法合成的MOFs材料的粒径、孔径、晶粒完整度、热稳定性和比表面积都好于常温合成的这两种材料。     

A simple solid–liquid grinding/templating route for the synthesis of magnetic iron/graphitic mesoporous carbon composites

Magnetic iron/graphitic mesoporous carbon composites were prepared by a simple one-step solid–liquid grinding/templating route. X-ray diffraction, nitrogen adsorption–desorption, transmission electron microscopy, vibrating-sample magnetometry and thermogravimetric analysis were used to characterize the samples. It was observed that a high content of magnetic iron nanoparticles could be embedded in the walls of graphitic mesoporous carbon matrix, and the resulting materials have a hierarchical mesostructure with a high specific surface area, large pore volume, and high saturation magnetization, giving the materials wide potential applications as catalyst supports and adsorbents.     

Si/C composite lithium-ion battery anodes synthesized from coarse silicon and citric acid through combined ball milling and thermal pyrolysis

Silicon and related materials have recently received considerable attention as potential anodes in Li-ion batteries for their high theoretical specific capacities. To overcome the problem of volume variations during the Li insertion/extraction process, in this work, Si/C composites with low carbon content were synthesized from cheap coarse silicon and citric acid by simple ball milling and subsequent thermal treatment. The effects of ball milling time and calcination temperature on the structure, composition and morphology of the composites were systematically investigated by the determination of specific surface area (BET) and particle-size distribution, X-ray diffraction (XRD), O₂-TPO, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The capacity and cycling stability of the composites were systematically evaluated by electrochemical charge/discharge tests. It was found that both the initial capacity and the cycling stability of the composites were dependent on the milling and calcination conditions, and attractive overall electrochemical performance could be obtained by optimizing the synthesis process.     

UiO-66/GO纳米复合材料的合成及其增强的吸附性能

以ZrCl4, 和H2BDC和GO为原料,采用溶剂热法 合成了一种新型的纳米 复合材料UiO-66/氧化石墨烯（UiO-66/GO）。运用扫描电镜（SEM）和透射电镜（TEM）分析了复合材料的表面形貌和复合状态,观察到UiO-66均匀生长在GO片上形成一种2D负载结构。采用X-射线衍射（XRD）和红外光谱（FTIR）对复合材料的晶体成分结构和成分进行分析,发现GO的添加不影响UiO-66的晶型体结构。N2吸附-解吸等温线分析了纳米复合材料的比表面积和孔径分布,表明含有2% 质量比GO用量2%的UiO-66/GO复合材料 具有最高的比表面积 （738 m2/g）。UiO-66/GO-2 的协同效应 使其对刚果红（CR）的去除率远高于UiO-66和GO的,其最大吸附量为561.79 mg/g,分别是相同条件下UiO-66和GO对CR吸附量的2.8倍和7.1倍。     

Synthesis,characterization, and electrical properties of polypyrrole–bimetallic oxide composites

In this study, polypyrrole (PPy) and its bimetallic oxide composites (PPy–V₂O₅–MnO₂) were synthesized via a modified chemical oxidation polymerization method in the aqueous medium with FeCl₃·6H₂O as an oxidant. The synthesized materials were characterized with various analytical techniques to investigate their structural, crystallographic, thermal, morphological, optical, and electrical properties. The Fourier transform infrared study confirmed the successful synthesis of the materials, whereas the X-ray diffraction analyses showed the amorphous and crystalline natures of the PPy and PPy–V₂O₅–MnO₂ composites, respectively. The bimetallic oxide content improved the thermal stability of the composites, as ratified by thermal analysis. The synthesized PPy had a globular and spongy nature, whereas the composites were mixtures of short and long rod-shaped particles. The bimetallic oxide blend enhanced the doping, surface area and semiconducting nature of composites, and lower electrical resistance compared with those of the PPy. The resistance of the synthesized materials depended on the V₂O₅–MnO₂ blend content in the composites and the temperature. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020 , 137, 47680.     

Preparation of Three-Dimensional Co3O4/graphene Composite for High-Performance Supercapacitors

Here, we developed a simple and efficient route for the preparation of three-dimensional (3D) Co₃O₄-anchored graphene composites using the sacrificial template-assisted method and the subsequent deposition process of Co₃O₄ nanoparticles. As structural guiding materials, polystyrene (PS) spheres provide 3D porous architectures with a high surface area. 3D porous graphene materials serve as conductive supporters for the deposition of Co₃O₄ nanoparticles through precipitation growth. The 3D porous composite structures of Co₃O₄/graphene composites were intensively investigated using scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, and X-ray diffraction. The 3D Co₃O₄/graphene composites show a high specific capacitance of 328?F?g^?1 with efficient and fast charge–discharge process in aqueous 6?M KOH electrolyte. In addition, the composites provide a good cycle lifetime, which retained 98% capacitance retention over 2000 cycles.     

Preparation of graphene oxide/natural rubber composites by latex cocoagulation: Relationship between microstructure and reinforcement

Graphene oxide(GO) has recently attracted substantial interest as a possible reinforcing agent for next generation rubber composite materials. In this research, GO was incorporated in natural rubber(NR) composites through latex co-coagulation technique. The microstructures of GO/NR composites were characterized through a combination of transmission electron microscope, scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and Differential scanning calorimeter. The results showed that highly exfoliated GO sheets were finely dispersed into NR rubber matrix with strong interface interaction between GO and NR. The mechanical properties of the GO/NR composites were further evaluated. The results showed that the tensile strength, tear strength and modulus can be significantly improved at a content of less than 2 phr. Especially,GO exhibited specific reinforce mechanism in NR due to the stress-induced crystallization effects of NR. The stress transfer from the NR to the GO sheets and the hindrance of GO sheets to the stress-induced crystallization of NR were further displayed in stress–strain behavior of GO/NR composites. These enhanced properties were attributed to the high surface area of GO sheets and highly exfoliated microstructures of GO sheets in NR.     

溶胶凝胶法制备SiO2气凝胶/石英纤维增强石英复合材料及其性能表征

以正硅酸乙酯、无水乙醇、去离子水为原料制备胶液后,真空浸渍石英纤维复合材料,经固化、超临界干燥成型、表面改性等工艺使其内部填充纳米级的SiO2.利用阿基米德法测试了材料的吸水率和显气孔率,利用BET法和短路波导法对气凝胶的比表面积和孔径以及材料的介电性能进行了表征,并分析了憎水机理.结果表明,填充前后复合材料的吸湿率由最初的17.36%降至1.21%,降幅高达93%,辅以防潮涂层后吸湿率更可低至为0.052%;介电常数基本没有变化,损耗角正切有所降低,降幅最高达51.2%.     

Physical and electrochemical characterization of hydrous ruthenium oxide/ordered mesoporous carbon composites as supercapacitor

Ruthenium oxide/ordered mesoporous carbon composites materials were prepared by impregnating an ordered mesoporous carbon CMK-3 with RuCl₃ · xH₂O solution followed by annealing in nitrogen atmosphere from 80 to 400 °C. The content of ruthenium oxide in the composites ranged from 10.0 to 30.7 wt.%. X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), nitrogen adsorption measurement and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to characterize the composites. The results showed that the ruthenium oxide deposited on CMK-3 mesoporous carbon was hydrous and amorphous when annealed up to 400 °C. The specific capacitance of the composites was determined by cyclic voltammetry. Such composites had high specific capacitance, which was derived from the high specific surface area of CMK-3 mesoporous carbon and the pseudo-capacitance of amorphous RuO₂. In addition, the specific capacitance depended on the annealing temperature and the RuO₂ content. As the temperature increased, the specific capacitance decreased. In contrast, the specific capacitance increased with higher RuO₂ content and reached 633 F/g with a heavy content. However, as the RuO₂ content increased, its contribution to the pseudo-capacitance became poorer. The rate capability of the composite electrodes also decreased as a function of RuO₂ content, due to an increase in the equivalent series resistance (ESR) and the overall capacitance.     

纳米粒子对熔盐复合蓄热材料热物性的影响

为了得到SiO₂纳米粒子含量对SiO₂/NaNO₃-KNO₃/EG复合蓄热材料比热容和热导率的影响，通过机械分散法，采用NaNO₃-KNO₃和不同质量分数（0.1%，0.5%，1%，2%，3%）的SiO₂纳米粒子所形成的熔盐纳米材料作为蓄热材料，膨胀石墨（EG）作为基体材料，制备出纳米SiO₂/NaNO₃-KNO₃/EG复合材料。对复合材料的比热容和热导率进行了测量，同时用扫描电镜对其微观结构特征进行了分析。结果表明，SiO₂纳米粒子的质量分数为1%时，复合材料的平均比热容和热导率分别为3.92 J/(g·K)和8.47 W/(m·K)，与其他纳米SiO₂添加比例相比，其比热容和热导率分别提高了1.37～2.17倍和1.7～3.2倍。这是由于复合材料表面会形成高密度的网状结构，这种具有较大比表面积和高表面能的特殊纳米结构可以提高复合材料的比热容和热导率。     

Electrocatalytic properties of platinum on hard carbon spherules derived from deoiled asphalt for methanol oxidation

In the present contribution, hard carbon spherules (HCSs) were synthesized from a deoiled asphaltene and were used as supporting materials for platinum (Pt) electrocatalyts. Pt nanoparticles were well dispersed on the surface of HCSs by an impregnation–reduction method. The morphology and microstructure of the as-prepared Pt/HCSs composites were studied by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) techniques. The electrocatalytic properties of the Pt/HCS electrode for methanol oxidation were investigated by cyclic voltammetry and high electrocatalytic activity was observed.