不懈的追求──记一代建筑大师詹姆斯·斯特林爵士

世界著名英国建筑大师詹姆斯·斯特林堪称现代建筑史上的先驱。他的影响在于他的风格中那种咄咄逼人的气质，在于他的形式中那种光辉的建筑艺术性，而不仅仅在于对建筑的精细加工。他对干建筑艺术不懈追求、敢于否定自我并超越自我的精神，在建筑史上建立了一座丰碑。     

嘉庚建筑与嘉庚风格

著名华侨领袖陈嘉庚，一生兴建了许多建筑。他亲自投资、立项、选基址、确立原则；亲自参与建筑设计及方案修改；亲临现场督导建造过程；亲自确定建筑材料和装饰细部……。从某种程度上说，陈嘉庚的建筑，反映了他对建筑的理想。一、陈嘉庚的建筑活动陈嘉庚的建筑，几乎都与教育有关，因此，他的建筑活动，主要体现在他的办学活动中。可以说，道南学校的校舍建设，是他致力于建筑活动的开始。此后，陈嘉庚还在新加坡陆续捐资创办及兴建了5所其他华人学校。学校陆续办起来，建筑一幢幢竖起来。1917年，创办女子小学；1918年，创办集美师范和…     

不懈的追求

世界著名英国建筑大师詹姆斯，斯特林堪称现代建筑史上的先驱。他的影响在于全的风格中那种咄咄逼人的气质，在于他的形式中那种光辉的建筑艺术性，而不仅仅在于对建筑的精细加工。他对建筑艺术不懈追求、敢于否定自我并超载自我的精神，在建筑史上建立了一座丰碑。     

创出和谐环境──记著名美籍华人建筑师贝聿铭

贝聿铭，誉满全球的美国著名建筑师，与任何其它建筑师相比，他所完成的建筑作品名单无疑属于最长的之列。他以自己众多作品的艺术魅力征服了广大公众，也赢得了许多建筑评论家和建筑界同行的好评。他获得的奖赏和荣誉足以令人称羡。其中特别值得一提的有1979年美国建筑师协会金奖、同年美国文学艺术科学院建筑金奖、1981年法国建筑科学院大奖，1983年他又获得了相当于国际建筑界诺贝尔奖的普利茨克奖。贝拿铭所以能够得此殊荣，当然不无道理，他在建筑事业上的显著成就使他当之无愧。贝幸铭1917年4月26日生于中国广东，其父是一个香港银行…     

僭建 场域特定建筑装置展

林伟而的装置艺术作品常围绕着生命的无常与斡旋．探讨环境与居住者之间的联系而产生的心理状态，进而寻求与公众之间的沟通。林伟而善于大量厦重复地运用本土建筑物料如竹、木材、霓虹灯、镜，或其他拈来的之物，继而将这些社会物资转化为感知及哲理性的艺术品。林伟而热爱艺术，更认为艺术与建筑是密不可分的。他的建筑作品结合了他的创意元素，希望建筑作品不单实用，更可视为是可收进美术馆展览的艺术作品。相对地他的艺术品糅合了他的建筑结构外观，因而被他称为“公共雕塑”。     

生态、技术和诗意的表达──格雷姆肖的建筑创作之路

英国建筑师格雷姆肖以关注生态问题，寻求建筑技术和建筑艺术间的平衡而著称，他的设计从整体概念直到细部节点都给予了同样的关注，他赋予理牲的现代技术以浪漫的诗意，其作品展现了优美而合乎建造逻辑的建筑形式。     

服从太阳的绝对律令——勒·柯布西耶印度实践的气候适应策略分析

勒·柯布西耶的印度实践反映了他的一种自觉地适应当地环境的设计倾向。本文重点对他在印度建筑作品适应气候的策略进行研究，从城市规划，建筑遮阳隔热、建筑通风策略等角度分析，并评述了他提出的气候表格的设计方法。指出最重要的是学习他这种务实的设计思想。     

华太讲堂第22期邀请黄居正开讲，勒·柯布西耶成主题

2013年3月29日下午，华太讲堂第22期如期开讲。《建筑师》杂志主编，知名建筑评论家黄层正先生就《勒·柯布西耶——建筑起源的追溯与原型的展开》为题，给建筑界的众多参会者发表了一场精彩的建筑演讲。黄居正老师从勒·柯布西耶的影响力、建筑思想起源、他的家乡甚至当地宗教对柯布西耶在建筑上的影响力等方面谈起，简要概述了柯布匿耶的精彩一生。柯布似乎就是为建筑而生的．他的建筑理论．以及相关建筑实践，甚至在他去世后还在世界各地不断得到继承与发展的建筑思想．都让柯布成为建筑史上最举足轻重的代表性人物。     

有关登琨艳

登琨艳先生拥有建筑师、室内设计师、作家等多重身份，他更像是一位艺术家、社会活动家。他从台湾到上海14年，人们知晓他，并非他在上海设计了什么建筑，而是他这个人。上海给了他那么大的名声，他对上海仍是又爱又恨；他想为上海的建筑作些贡献，     

顾孟潮：论钱学森关于建筑科学的五个理论

钱学森，20世纪的科学巨匠，他在建筑科学领域电颇有建树．他为建筑科学做出了开拓性的贡献。     

Zustandsuntersuchung und Instandsetzung am Hauptdach des Hauses der Kulturen der Welt in Berlin

The main roof of the ”Haus der Kulturen der Welt“ in Berlin Which is very well‐known on account of its history and striking structural design – was to be inspected by the author to determine its condition and analysed with regard to the durability of the existing liquid synthetic sealant. The roof structure consists of a biaxial, curved area‐covering structural element with circumferential edge beams of pre‐stressed lightweight concrete. This is the result of the reconstruction between 1984 and 1987 following a partial collapse of the then Berlin Congress Hall in 1980. The very thin roof shell is also made of lightweight concrete and, like the edge beams, has a polyurethane‐based spray‐on seal that was specially developed for this purpose as protection against the ingress of moisture. The reason why this, at the time, novel type of seal was chosen was that it should take into account the fact that the roof design urgently needed some kind of protection against moisture that had to compensate the expected changes shape and crack movements of the roof with no damage. The following article reports on the nature, scope and main results of the analysis of the condition of the roof seal, edge beams and abutments. It will also describe the repair recommendations resulting from the investigations, which form the basis of the execution of work at the present point in time. Apart from presenting the technical principles and special features of the building that have to be taken into account during any repairs, the special features of the execution will also be addressed.     

Magnetoelastische Spannkraftmessung in Bauwerken

Magnetoelastic Measurement of Prestressing Force in Civil Structures The knowledge of the tensile force of prestressing steel elements and its reliable and non‐destructive determination are of essential importance for the assessment of the structural health condition of prestressed concrete structures and tie‐back systems in terms of structural safety, serviceability and durability. For the evaluation of the prestressing force in steel tension members, the measurement technique presented in this contribution is using the magneto‐elastic effect (ME‐effect) of ferromagnetic materials. This effect describes the reverse‐proportional correlation between the mechanical stress and the magnetic properties of ferromagnetic materials. The cylindrical coiled sensors pushed over the tendon and the measuring device developed and practically optimized at the iBMB/MPA of the TU Braunschweig enable a fast and reliable measurement of the prestressing steel force after an initial calibration. In this contribution first the state of the art of prestress measurement techniques for steel tension members is presented. Afterwards, the ME‐measuring method with the basics and merits of magneto‐elastic prestressing force identification is shown. Further recent research results as well as several building applications will be discussed.     

Reliability of composite steel bridge beams designed following AASHTO''s LFD and LRFD specifications

Composite steel beam bridges designed following AASHTO's Load Factor Design (LFD) method and the newly developed Load and Resistance Factor Design method (LRFD) are proportioned for different loading conditions. They need to satisfy these conditions at maximum design load, an overloading condition, and fatigue load. The ultimate strength of compact composite steel beams is based on the fully plastic stress distribution. The capacity of non-compact beams is based on the yield or partially-plastic moment, depending on whether the beam violates all or few of the compactness or ductility requirements. In this paper, the reliability for the ultimate flexural capacity limit state of composite steel beams is investigated. The structural reliability is measured in terms of the reliability index. The statistical data on strength are generated starting from statistics on material properties and using the Monte Carlo simulation method. Statistical data on load components are compiled from the available literature. The scope of the study covers a wide range of rolled beams, span lengths, beam spacings, and two yield strengths. The deterministic study showed that the design of composite steel beams is usually not governed by the maximum design load combination, but rather by the overloading condition. The results of the reliability study indicate non-uniformity in the safety of steel bridges that are designed by the AASHTO LFD code. This is also true for AASHTO's LRFD code since it is not calibrated for the overloading condition. The value of the reliability index is a function of the compactness classification, method of design, beam spacing, span length, and section size.     

土体干缩裂隙的形成发育过程及机理

土体干缩开裂(龟裂)是一种常见的自然现象,龟裂的产生会破坏土体的完整性,极大地弱化土体的工程性质。基于室内试验结果,发现龟裂发育过程可分为3个典型阶段,具有很强的时序特征,且新生裂隙一般垂直已有裂隙生长。根据水土相互作用原理和基本土力学理论,建立了土体龟裂概念模型,对实验室和自然界中观测到的相关龟裂现象及其机理进行了分析,得到如下主要结论:(1)土体中存在收缩变形空间是龟裂发育的前提,主要与土质条件有关;(2)龟裂是土体发生张拉破坏的表现形式,孔隙水的表面张力及干燥过程中引起的基质吸力(毛细水作用力)会在土体中形成张拉应力场,这是导致龟裂的主要力学诱因;(3)当张拉应力场的大小超过土体的抗拉强度或土颗粒间的联接强度时,裂隙便会产生,导致局部区域积聚的应变能释放,应力场重新调整。从宏观上看,基质吸力和抗拉强度是控制龟裂发育的两个关键力学指标,但从微观上看,土体材料尤其是结构的非均质性对裂隙发育过程和裂隙网络的几何形态特征均有重要影响。通常情况下,大部分裂隙都是在饱和阶段产生,且裂隙产生时对应的临界含水率有可能高于液限;土体表面上的"杂点"易导致应力集中,裂隙往往率先在"杂点"处产生;(4)受表面和裂隙面张拉应力场的共同作用,表层土体边缘会发生向上卷曲变形,产生"煎饼效应"。此外,土体在收缩过程中还存在收缩核现象。     

Alternative Methods of Procurement for Works of Water and Environmental Management

The paper considers methods of procurement for the construction of water- and sewage-treatment works other than the traditional use of the ICE 5th Edition Conditions of Contract and Bills of Quantities. This is as a consequence of the speed at which schemes are currently required within the water industry.
The paper particularly focuses on the use of target contracts, using the Institution of Chemical Engineers'Green Book form, and considers various types of target. It also discusses the form which tender documents may take, and how targets may be calculated.
Tendering procedures, including the use of two-stage tenders and negotiated targets, are considered, as are the procedures for cost monitoring and the financial management of the contract. Finally, the role of the engineer and quantity surveyor is considered.     

Beanspruchung der Tunnelabdichtung durch den Herstellvorgang einer Tunnelinnenschale

Loading of the tunnel sealing system due to fresh concrete pressure This report deals with the loading of the geomembrane during the construction phase of the inner shell of a tunnel. In a systematic parameter analysis at the institute for underground construction at FH Münster the geomembrane and the geotextile were tested under different realistic conditions. Laboratory testing showed a dependence on the seal support surface of the shotcrete and on the characteristics of the geotextile. The deformations of the membranes due to fresh concrete pressure are significantly smaller than the permitted values in the technical regulations. The main results of the investigations are described below.     

Application of sonic and radar tests on the piers and walls of the Cathedral of Noto

The authors applied systematically sonic tests, radar tests and other diagnostic techniques on the remaining walls and piers of the Cathedral of Noto. The experimental survey was carried out by the Laboratory of the DIS, Politecnico of Milan (Person in Charge: Prof. Binda, Prof. Baronio) in collaboration with the designers (Ing. R. De Benedictis, Arch. S. Tringali) and the experts working on the reconstruction. The Prefettura of Siracusa founded the research. The right aisle and most of the dome of the Cathedral collapsed in 1996. The aim of the research was to verify the state of damage and the possibility of conservation of the walls and piers in view of the reconstruction of the damaged part of the Cathedral. Furthermore, the sonic tests were used to control the effect of grout injection used as a possible technique for repair of the damaged masonry (Proceedings of the Conference on Nondestructive Evaluation of Civil Structures and Materials, Boulder, Colorado; (1992) 329; Proceedings of the Sixth Conference on Structural Faults and Repair, 3 (1995) 195). In the following the results will be reported and the reliability of the tests will be discussed as it was confirmed by the use of other complementary diagnosis techniques (Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Structural Studies, Repairs and Maintenance of Historical Buildings, STREMAH 99, Dresden, Germany, (1999) 323).     

CONTROL OF CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES: III. FUZZY-BASED CONTROLLER

In this paper, a real-time fuzzy-based controller of construction activities is proposed. Because of the numerous uncertainties associated with construction activities, their control requires a different approach than the traditional feedback methods. These methods are essentially based on the knowledge of a transfer function that models the input/output relationships for the controlled system. For a highly complex and uncertain system such as a construction activity, a fuzzy-based control strategy was found to be a suitable and effective approach. The proposed control system is built in two main levels, the process and the activity levels. Each level comprises two main units, namely, the fuzzy controller and the self learning algorithm. The implementation of the control actions can be performed by either manipulating the states of the variables for the purpose of improving the process output, or changing the process behavior function for the same purpose. Practical examples are presented wherever possible to illustrate the proposed control strategy.     

Die Rolle des Prüfingenieurs im System der vorbeugenden Gefahrenabwehr

The task of the check engineer in the preventative risk management system. The historical development of building regulations is characterised by the principle of preventative risk management. The current building regulation demands, that public safety and order, especially life, health and natural conditions are not endangered by buildings. The building control is the task of the state and shall be administered by the building authorities. Usually the building control of structural stability and fire protection is delegated by the authorities to state approved check engineers. It is of main importance, that check engineers are not dependent on the investor's economic interests. Up to now this independence has been ensured, because the check engineers are appointed directly by the building authorities. Due to deregulations in recent years some federal states changed their building regulations in such a form, that the risk management was not guaranteed completely. The independence of check engineers and thus the quality of risk management was severely weakened by allowing private commissions. In additon several structures were released from the obligation of checking. These changes disagree with the safety concept of DIN 1055‐100, which is adjusted wih the European Codes. The required safety level presupposes the independent checking of the structural design. Further risks of independence and quality of building checks by the check engineers can occur due to an uncritical use of the European Services Directive. In accordance with the experiences of the check engineers current risk analyses show, that it is essential for a modern preventative risk management system to align extent and intensity of authorized controlling to the hazard potential of the particular building project. Corresponding to the proposal of the German Association of Check Engineers on the IABSE‐Symposium 2007 the controlling measures should be graduated on the basis of Eurocode EN 1990 according to three hazard classes.     

城市物质空间结构中的面元素

基于建筑师立场,对大尺度的城市物质空间的诠释和操作提出分类。主要提出镶嵌状的面．元素层叠形成的面．地块-街区-街道形成的面三种面元素。面元素与点元素和线元素的主要区别在于．城市中的面自身占据较大尺度的空间面积,而点和线元素则是局部的空间构成要素。结合具体案例深入解析三种面的诠释视角对设计操作的影响。在结论中点明了提出“点-线-面”诠释和操作城市物质空间的意义。