电力设备的可靠性维修

引言近二、三十年来电力设备维修理论的变革和发展，以可靠性为中心的维修（RCM）方法获得了较快的运用，已在国外一些领域获得迅速发展，取得了较显著的成果，在我国电力行业的应用也开始初露曙光。１传统维修方式所存在的主要认识问题传统的维修是以设备的检修规程、制度、标准为依据，事先确定一个固定的时间间隔期进行设备的检修、试验和修理，随着新材料、新技术、新设备的应用，愈来愈暴露了这种工作方法的一些弊端。这是因为传统的维修观念在对设备的故障和可靠性的认识上存在以下一些误区：１．１传统的维修观念认为预防性维修能…     

基于COFA分析方法的RCM维修体系研究

介绍了RCM理论的来源以及实施RCM检修的必要性,说明了COFA分析方法和RCM维修体系之间的联系.通过与传统RCM分析方法比较,详细介绍了一种适合一般工程技术人员使用的RCM分析方法,即COFA分析方法,以及如何用该方法建立一个动态的RCM维修体系.另外通过与AP913设备可靠性管理流程对比阐述了RCM分析在以可靠性为中心的维修体系中的重要性.     

基于可靠性维修的开关设备维修决策支持平台研究

基于电力系统可靠性和经济要求,电力设备维修决策方法的提升十分必要。笔者以可靠性维修(RCM)技术为基础,开发了适用于状态检修环境下的高压开关设备维修决策支持平台。该平台集基础数据管理、数据在线可靠性分析、设备寿命老化预警、维修日程优化决策和维修进度跟踪管理于一体,可有效提高维修决策的科学性和决策效率。文中以实际案例展示了维修决策的过程和方法。     

西方工业国家设备维修技术的现状

介绍西方工业国家设备维修的新思路和21世纪新兴起的基于风险的维修策略，还包括预测性维修、检测性维修及以可靠性为中心的维修和基于成本－效益的维修等新概念。具体阐述基于成本－效益维修的实施步骤，说明这是一种基于量化的维修决策方法。     

论以可靠性为中心的火电机组的维修

大型火电机组为复杂设备,维修时可应用以可靠性为中心的火电机组维修(RCM) 原理。大型火电机组的故障率应遵循德雷尼克定理,即故障率随着时间的增大而趋于平均故障间隔时间的倒数l/ MTBF。目前我国执行的机组检修规程存在弊端,执行3 年大修1 次的定时维修并没有使机组的可靠性有明显改善。因此,需逐步转变为以RCM 原理指导的维修体制,应根据设备及部件的可靠性状况,运用逻辑分析来确定维修内容、维修类型、维修间隔期和维修级别;设计、制造和检修部门共同制定以可靠性为中心的维修大纲,以该维修大纲为指导,对大型火电机组进行维修。     

电力通信设备维修最佳决策分析

对电力通信设备的可靠性进行了分析，提出了电力通信设备维修中的有关概念和建立数学模型进行最佳决策的一般方法。     

发电机组预知性维修策略“按需检修”的研究

论述了我国传统的设备检修策略存在的不足，介绍了国际上正在发展的预知性维修新技术和它的一些先进特点。同时，结合我国电力系统发电机组实际情况，应用可靠性理论，提出一种预测设备故障发生时间程序算法，为技术人员合理制定检修计划、指导设备有效检测提供了决策支持，对补充和完善预知性维修技术具有重要意义。     

基于可靠性和气象因素的配电网短期维修决策方法

配电系统可靠性受气象因素的影响很大,为提高配电网在整个维修期间的可靠性,同时综合考虑被维修设备和其他设备所在的气象条件对维修风险带来的影响,提出一种计及可靠性和气象因素的配电网短期维修决策方法。与传统的配电网维修计划优化相比,该方法建立了不同气象条件下配电设备故障率及其修复时间计算模型。在计及维修规程约束、维修能力约束和电网结构约束的前提下,以可靠性指标损失最小为优化目标,建立了反映配电网期望停电持续时间和期望缺电量的系统风险综合指标。采用遗传优化算法,搜寻整个维修周期内系统综合风险指标最小的最佳维修计划。     

发电机组最佳计划维修周期研究

该文在分析机组维修和故障与机组寿命关系基础上，建立发电机组等值老化的故障率等效模型，并根据机组运行的可靠性成本一效益分析，建立以发电机组长期运行经济效益最大为目标的计划维修周期数学模型，同时引入蒙特卡罗(Monte Carlo)模拟法描述机组故障发生过程并对模型进行求解。最后以国内某火电厂机组为例进行分析计算，说明该文所提出的方法与模型的可行性与合理性，以及不同计划维修周期的适用场合。研究结果可为机组的计划维修提供科学决策依据。     

电站辅机RCM定量分析模型的功能模块设计

为了提供火力发电厂机组大、小修中制定辅机维修项目的技术依据，研究了电站辅机以可靠性为中心的维修(RCM)定量分析方法，进行了电站辅机RCM定量分析模型的结构设计，给出三类具有代表性的电站辅机检修单元的RCM定量分析模型建模分析实例。     

Hybrid: Particle Swarm Optimization–Genetic Algorithm and Particle Swarm Optimization–Shuffled Frog Leaping Algorithm for long-term generator maintenance scheduling

This paper presents a Hybrid Particle Swarm Optimization based Genetic Algorithm and Hybrid Particle Swarm Optimization based Shuffled Frog Leaping Algorithm for solving long-term generation maintenance scheduling problem. In power system, maintenance scheduling is being done upon the technical requirements of power plants and preserving the grid reliability. The objective function is to sell electricity as much as possible according to the market clearing price forecast. While in power system, technical viewpoints and system reliability are taken into consideration in maintenance scheduling with respect to the economical viewpoint. It will consider security constrained model for preventive Maintenance scheduling such as generation capacity, duration of maintenance, maintenance continuity, spinning reserve and reliability index are being taken into account. The proposed hybrid methods are applied to an IEEE test system consist of 24 buses with 32 thermal generating units.     

基于可靠度的输变电设备检修策略优化

提出基于可靠度的输变电设备状态检修优化决策模型。首先,讨论计及检修策略的设备可靠度表达,并基于此对前瞻时间内设备可用度进行求解,从而在给定设备检修策略的前提下,对电网整体的故障风险和检修风险进行量化,最后,以电网总风险最小为目标,计及状态检修的约束条件,形成电网状态检修的数学模型,并采用遗传算法进行求解,通过IEEERTS79系统算例分析表明模型的可行性、有效性。     

Reliability based generator maintenance scheduling using hybrid evolutionary approach

With the growth of electrical energy demand, providing reliable energy without interruption has become very important nowadays. Maintenance scheduling of generating units is one of the crucial factors in delivering reliable electrical energy to the vital industrial and urban loads. As number of generating units and constraints over their operation is increasing, there is growing need for developing new methods for planning optimal outage of generating units for maintenance. This paper presents a hybrid evolutionary algorithm to tackle the reliability based generator maintenance scheduling problem. Uncertainties in the generating units and the load variations are included so that a more realistic scheduling is obtained. Maintenance scheduling problem is a large scale constrained optimization problem with a large number of variables which needs novel methods to cope with it. A new local search method which is derived from Extremal Optimization (EO) and Genetic Algorithm (GA) is presented to tackle the problem. The proposed method can be used as a local optimizer to further improve the potential solutions in the GA. The proposed method, Hill Climbing Technique (HCT), GA and their hybrid approaches are applied to the IEEE Reliability Test System (RTS) and the obtained results are discussed.     

Optimal allocation of distribution maintenance resources with limited information

Maintenance of distribution systems plays a central, although often overlooked, role in determining both the reliability and cost of supply. In previous work, an approach was developed that optimizes the effectiveness of distribution protective devices. This paper extends that framework to the optimal use of maintenance resources for reliability. Firstly, a framework is established assuming constant failure rates for the components. Secondly, that framework is extended to optimization given limited information about equipment condition. That is, the failure rates and impact of the reliability are known only approximately. The objective in this framework is to maximize reliability as measured by typical reliability indices. This formulation is demonstrated on a set of numerical examples. Results are analyzed and difficulties that may arise in the proposed approach are investigated. Further, the concept of the value of additional information is introduced. The problems are solved through a two-stage analysis procedure based on linear programming and approximate reasoning using fuzzy sets.     

基于并行组合进化算法的光伏阵列最大功率点追踪

针对光伏阵列在局部遮阴时功率的多峰输出,提出了一种新型并行组合进化算法(GA-DE-PSO),解决了传统采用的单一进化算法以及单一改进算法追踪最大功率时的不稳定性和精确性不足的缺点。该方法将所有的可行解个体随机分为两个子种群,并行采用向量的差分进化模式和染色体的遗传模式,产生新型个体和备选个体。再通过粒子群算法进行混合选择,得到更为有效的可行域的指导信息,从而更快速地收敛到最优点,实现最大功率点追踪。仿真结果表明,组合算法保留了三种进化算法的优点,具有较高的寻优精度与稳定性。     

Asset maintenance planning in electric power distribution network using statistical analysis of outage data

The problems faced by electric power utilities in developing countries today is that the power demand is increasing rapidly whereas the supply growth is constrained by aging generating and distributing assets, scarce resources for constructing new ones and other societal issues. This has resulted in the need for constructing new additional generating plants and a more economic ways of planning and maintaining existing Generating and Electric power distribution assets. System planning and maintenance that is based on reliability – centred asset management approach had been adopted in this paper.Maintenance of critical asset is an essential part of asset management in distribution network. In most Electric utilities, planning for maintenance constitutes an essential parts of asset management. In this paper, an enhanced RCM methodology that is based on a quantitative statistical analysis of outage data Performed at system/component level for overall system reliability was applied for the identification of distribution components critical to system reliability. The conclusion from this study shows that it is beneficial to base asset maintenance management decisions on processed, analyzed and tested outage data.     

以可靠性为中心的电站风机状态检修技术研究与分析

以火电站风机为对象阐述以可靠性为中心的状态检修技术 ( RCM)的研究和实施过程 ,详细说明RCM分析的各步骤及内容 ,在火电站送风机状态检修中的具体应用情况 ,为发电关键设备采取合适的检修手段和检修周期提供依据 ;最后给出了一些针对 RCM分析的讨论     

输变电设备状态检修决策系统的建设与应用

输变电设备状态检修是在对电气设备运行状态进行诊断的基础上,制定停电检修计划的一种设备检修方式.状态检修对比以往的周期性检修具有缩短停电时间、降低检修成本、提高企业效益等诸多优势,但是对于设备试验数据分析和设备状态评价工作的准确性和及时性有极高的要求,以SG186生产管理系统数据为基础,以电气设备试验相关规程为依据的输变电设备状态检修决策系统,对输变电设备运行状况进行全面测评,可确保状态评价工作的顺利开展.     

二次系统状态检修技术在智能变电站中的应用

智能变电站虽然减少了传统二次电缆的长度,但也带来了难于对智能二次设备进行有效地监视和分析的问题,以往的二次检修方式已无法满足智能二次设备的运维要求。在提出问题的同时,介绍了220 kV西泾智能变电站的二次系统组网结构,并结合2个二次系统检修案例,说明在智能变电站采取二次状态检修模式的必要性。     

以可靠性为中心的维修技术在大亚湾核电站的应用

以可靠性为中心的维修(RCM)技术在生产企业维修运行中有着重要的作用,它可以提高设备可靠性,降低维修运行成本。文章重点介绍了RCM技术的特点和方法,并结合大亚湾核电站多年开展与实施RCM技术的经验,对该技术方法的实施与效果进行了分析,供相关企业开展RCM参考。