液力变矩器导轮流场的数值分析

液力变矩器的流场分析是设计先进液力变矩变矩器的流场计算模型,利用计算流体动力学方法,模拟了液力变矩器导轮内流场,分析了导轮流场的特性,对导轮流场的速度和压力分布进行了研究,同时还对外特性进行了计算,并与实验结果相对照,验证了数值模拟的正确性.     

液力变矩器三维瞬态流场计算

液力变矩器内部流动为极其复杂的三维湍流流动,目前其计算多简化为稳态,稳态计算不能计算出瞬态特性,只有三维瞬态流动计算才能比较正确的预测流体的真实流动.在液力变矩器瞬态流场特性分析基础上,建立旋转坐标系下控制方程,采用数值模拟的方法对液力变矩器瞬态控制方程进行计算.计算中建立液力变矩器各叶轮全流道模型,利用多流动区域耦合算法中滑动网格法实现叶轮间流动参数的实时传递.计算中综合考虑稳定性、准确性和经济性,压力速度耦合算法采用SIMPLE算法、空间离散格式为一阶上游迎风格式,湍流模型选为RNG -模型,实现了液力变矩器湍流流动的瞬态计算.深入分析液力变矩器瞬态流场数值解以更好了解瞬态流动特性,并分析其产生原因,以进行液力变矩器性能的改善和优化设计.基于变矩器流场瞬态计算得到其外部性能,与试验对比后发现误差较小,说明采用的瞬态流场数值计算方法是正确有效的.     

液力变矩器气泡破裂运动分析

基于计算流体动力学对液力变矩器内流场进行了分析,利用多流动区域耦合算法中滑动网格法实现叶轮间流动参数的传递,建立液力变矩器涡轮、泵轮、流道模型实现了液力变矩器湍流流动的瞬态计算。对流场数据分析,核定出了气化高发部位,通过采用多相流模型植入流场一个气泡,数值研究了液力变矩器内气泡破碎机理和破裂高发区域。根据数值模拟和理论推定的气泡核化区、破碎区的气泡动力学行为特征可为液力变矩器的设计和改进工作提供参考意义。     

基于CFD的液力变矩器内部流场分布特征研究

为提升液力变矩器性能,需要进一步研究液力变矩器内部流动,获取流动特征规律。针对某型液力变矩器进行不同速比下内部流场的CFD数值模拟,并分析其流动现象,得出该变矩器内流场中流动状态的速度、漩涡的分布规律。结果表明,流体的相对速度随速比升高有下降趋势,漩涡结构随速比增大而增大。相同速比下,不同叶轮中、不同弦面的流体出现不同类型二次流。通过CFD研究发现二次流主要出现在泵轮和导轮中,其中叶轮进出口处漩涡湍动能较高,能量损失较大。流场分布规律研究可以指导液力变矩器设计,使流场分布合理并且减少二次流等现象,对提高液力变矩器的效率有重要意义。     

基于浸入实体法的双涡轮液力变矩器流场仿真

以双涡轮液力变矩器为研究对象,建立变矩器内流道流体域及叶片浸入实体域三维计算模型,采用浸入实体法模拟液力变矩器叶轮内流道油液运动状态,分析了液力变矩器油液压力及速度分布情况。基于变矩器三维流场分析结果计算其外特性,并与试验结果进行比较。结果表明:双涡轮液力变矩器泵轮及涡轮流道内均存在涡流和脱流,一级涡轮出口处出现射流现象;仿真结果与试验所得双涡轮液力变矩器外特性曲线吻合良好,为液力变矩器流场仿真分析提供计算思路。     

多叶排定常耦合算法的液力变矩器三维流场分析

为改进液力变矩器三维流场的数值模拟计算精度,深入分析了现阶段液力变矩器的流场分析方法,剖析产生误差的原因,并在此基础上提出采用多叶排定常耦合算法进行流场计算,同时对液力变矩器流场计算的模型进行了讨论、比较和选择。将流场计算预测出的变矩器性能与试验结果相对比,最大偏差不超过5%,表明采用多叶排定常耦合算法计算精度高,计算过程收敛性好。     

液力变矩器轴向载荷三维流场的数值计算

作用在液力变矩器工作轮上的轴向载荷的大小对液力变矩器的工作可靠性和寿命会产生重要影响。通过三维流场数值模拟,得到典型工况下单个循环流道液流的速度分布和压力分布,在此基础上可计算出液力变矩器的轴向载荷。以D245综合式液力变矩器为例,利用CFD软件进行了轴向载荷的计算,结果表明:运用三维流场理论进行循环液流的流场计算,其误差可控制在5～8%范围内;运用三维流场理论计算的轴向载荷较之一维束流理论计算的结果要更精确:综合式液力变矩器工作中轴向载荷的大小随转速比的变化呈一定规律,即随转速比i的降低,各工作轮的轴向力均增大,当i=0时轴向载荷达到最大值。     

液力变矩器叶栅系统的三维建模

液力变矩器要求具有良好的动力性和经济性,叶栅系统的设计是液力变矩器设计的关键,直接影响液力变矩器的性能。探讨了液力变矩器叶片三维建模方法,提出了建模方法的基本设计流程。以投影于多圆柱面的等角射影原理为基础,建立了液力变矩器叶栅系统的数学模型。通过求解流线上各分点的坐标,确定叶片在剖分面上的形状,利用直纹面将其连接,从而直接生成叶片形状。这种模型为液力变矩器叶栅系统的设计制造提供了方便,可用于三维流场的数值分析和叶片的快速成型。     

液力变矩器流场数值计算与特性预测

基于三维多相流动理论和计算流体动力学(CFD),对液力变矩器内流场进行数值计算。建立变矩器三维模型,采用有限体积法与SIMPLE算法,对其内部流场进行模拟,得到泵轮、涡轮与导轮的速度与压力分布。针对计算结果,对各工作流道的流场特性及生成原因进行分析,根据流场数值解对其进行性能预测。     

基于Fluent液力变矩器的外特性数值分析

为了分析液力变矩器的流场特性,对YJ系列某型液力变矩器进行建模和数值模拟。模型采用单叶排单流道的几何模型和多叶排全流道的几何模型,将仿真得出的2组数据和实测力矩数据进行对比,结果表明,应用多叶排全流道的几何模型具有较高的准确性和可靠性。     

基于三维瞬态流场分析的液力变矩器改型设计

为了提高液力变矩器的外特性,利用UG建立某型液力变矩器叶栅系统全流道模型。借助滑动网格技术,采用Fluent软件对液力变矩器内流场进行三维瞬态数值模拟,并与原结构的试验结果对比,验证了该方法的合理性。在此基础上,根据性能要求对原有变矩器作改型设计,改进了涡轮进口角和出口角等关键参数。结果表明,改型后的液力变矩器具有更加合理的内流场分布和更高的效率,改型设计效果良好。     

Method of internal 3D flow field numerical simulation for hydrodynamic torque converter

To enhance the performance of a hydrodynamic torque converter and thoroughly understand the trait of inside flow, a numerical simulation method of internal 3D flow for the three-element centrifugal hydrodynamic torque converter was systematically researched and expatiated in this paper. First, the internal flow field of each impeller was calculated. The curves that illustrate the relationships between the pressure differences of the inlet and outlet versus flux were drawn. Second, the concurrent working point of each impeller was approximately estimated. Finally, a calculation was performed considering the influence on each impeller. The flow field of a working point was solved by multiple calculations and the actual working condition was gradually determined. The pressure and velocity distributions of the flow field were proposed. The performance parameters of the hydrodynamic torque converter were predicted. The calculation method, and the proposed pressure and velocity distribution of the flow field, have practical significance for the design and improvement of a hydrodynamic torque converter.     

NUMERICAL ANALYSIS ON THREE- DIMENSIONAL FLOW FIELD OF TURBINE IN TORQUE CONVERTER

Three-dimensional flow field of turbine in torque converter is simulated by numerical calculation in order to improve the performance of torque converter. Calculation model of a torque converter is presented based on the mixing-plane technology. In the calculation of flow field,the 3D N-S equations are separated by finite-volume method and solved by semi-implicit method for pressure-linked equations(SIMPLE). Based on flow field calculation,the flow field of turbine is simulated. The velocity and pressure in the flow field of turbine are analyzed. The external performance of the torque converter is also calculated. Results of flow simulation show that there are secondary flow,off flow and velocity gradient in turbine passage. The validity of numerical simulation is verified by comparing the results of numerical simulation with experiment data.     

Method of internal 3D flow field numerical simulation for hydrodynamic torque converter

To enhance the performance of a hydrodynamic torque converter and thoroughly understand the trait of inside flow, a numerical simulation method of internal 3D flow for the three-element centrifugal hydrodynamic torque converter was systematically researched and expatiated in this paper. First, the internal flow field of each impeller was calculated. The curves that illustrate the relationships between the pressure differences of the inlet and outlet versus flux were drawn. Second, the concurrent working point of each impeller was approximately estimated. Finally, a calculation was performed considering the influence on each impeller. The flow field of a working point was solved by multiple calculations and the actual working condition was gradually determined. The pressure and velocity distributions of the flow field were proposed. The performance parameters of the hydrodynamic torque converter were predicted. The calculation method, and the proposed pressure and velocity distribution of the flow field, have practical significance for the design and improvement of a hydrodynamic torque converter. __________ Translated from Journal of Jilin University (Engineering and Technology Edition), 2006, 36(2): 199–203[译自: 吉林大学学报(工学版)]     

SYSTEM FOR TORQUE CONVERTER DESIGN AND ANALYSIS BASED ON CAD/CFD INTEGRATED PLATFORM

A 3D torque converter design system is developed based on numerical investigation into flow field and CAD technology. The 3D steady-state flow field simulation is undertaken by using time averaged Reynolds equation and k-epsilon turbulence model, with mixing-plane boundary conditions at three section interfaces. The blades are designed according to the flow field characteristics by using a reverse design method in the system. The accurateness of numerical analysis and the validity of design system are verified by the fluid field experiment of desingn example of the torque converter. This kind of design and analysis system for torque converter based on integration of comput ationol fluid dynamics （CFD） and CAD is a powerful tool for torque converter manufacturing, but also a prettg important significance for research and development.     

车用液力变矩器混合流道CFD仿真方法

针对车用液力变矩器复杂动态过程中工作相位随时发生转换,不能及时判断相应流场结构的改变,难以对瞬时流场特性进行准确仿真的问题,基于传统变矩器CFD流道模型和导轮空转无叶片模型,建立了液力变矩器混合流道CFD仿真模型。该仿真模型可以自动识别变矩器变矩、偶合和功率反传等工作相位及其相位转换过程,并根据导轮是否空转自动选择相应流道模型。对某变矩器进行了一系列稳态通用特性和动态特性的仿真与试验研究,对比结果表明,液力变矩器混合流道CFD仿真方法对变矩器稳态和动态特性仿真精度较高,有效解决了变矩器复杂动态过程难以快速实时仿真的问题,具有一定的工程实际意义。     

基于CFD的双涡轮液力变矩器的改进研究

针对YJSW315双涡轮液力变矩器一级、二级涡轮进口流态较差等问题,利用CFD技术对其内部流场及其性能进行了数值计算分析,通过对泵轮叶片出口和一级涡轮数量和厚度的调整,得到了一种优化方案,提高了变矩器性能。改型后的变矩器的起动工况转矩比提高了0.357,两个涡轮都工作时的效率提高2%~4%。提出的研究方法和结论对液力变矩器的改进或研发具有一定的指导意义。     

多参考坐标系模型在液力变矩器稳态内流场分析中的应用研究

以液力变矩器稳态内流场问题为对象,对处理多旋转区域耦合问题的两种典型方法,即多参考坐标系(MRF)模型和混合面模型进行理论研究,并对比采用两种模型后的仿真结果,流场分析的结果表明采用MRF模型时预测的液力变矩器性能与试验吻合的较好,残差收敛效果好;而且,MRF模型在交界面上的模拟比混合面模型更接近实际流场。因此,采用MRF模型是进行液力变矩器内流场分析的有效方法。