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目的 解决烟杆废弃物的燃烧处理造成的资源浪费和环境污染问题,研究实现烟杆废弃物资源化利用。方法 通过对烟杆在不同温度下进行热解制备烟杆生物碳,表征烟杆生物碳的形貌、结构和吸附性能,并将其应用于重金属离子吸附。结果 研究表明,800 ℃热解条件下制得的烟杆生物碳具有良好的孔隙结构以及优异的金属离子吸附效果,该生物碳对Cu(Ⅱ)吸附效果最佳,Cd(Ⅱ)次之,Cr(Ⅲ)的吸附效果不显著。结论 烟杆制备的生物碳对特定重金属离子具有优异的选择吸附效果,该研究对重金属吸附和污水处理领域的发展有重要的指导意义。 相似文献
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以9-乙烯基蒽与端甲基侧氢硅油为原料,在铂金催化剂作用下,通过硅氢加成反应合成了3种荧光硅油(AH1,AH2和AH3),利用核磁共振和傅里叶变换红外光谱表征荧光硅油的化学结构,并利用荧光分光光度计和紫外-可见吸收分光光度计测试其光学性能.将合成的荧光侧氢硅油作为交联剂与乙烯基硅油在高温下进行交联固化,得到加成型荧光有机硅弹性体(FPDMS),探究了荧光基团的引入对有机硅弹性体硬度、交联网络、力学性能和热稳定性的影响.结果 表明,荧光弹性体具有较低的硬度(13.9~33.4 H00)、较小的交联密度、优异的热稳定性和力学性能,与无荧光原料弹性体相比,荧光有机硅弹性体拉伸强度提高了0.59~2.27倍.在导热材料的渗油测试中,荧光弹性体可对渗出物质荧光示踪,可实时监测其扩散情况;此外,还对渗出物质的扩散距离-时间曲线进行了拟合,定量评价渗油速率,以期保护电子器件的正常使用,为渗油研究提供了新思路. 相似文献
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漆酚-喔星功能聚合物的合成及特性研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
合成了漆酚喔星功能聚合物(UOXP),对其进行了红外光谱表征。初步研究了该聚合物对几种金属离子的吸附性能,用差示扫描量热法(DSC)研究了吸附金属离子前后聚合物的热稳定性。结果表明,该聚合物能有效吸附Fe3 、Pb2 、Cd2 、Hg2 和Cu2 等金属离子,吸附容量(mgMn /gUOXP)分别为42.6、87.3、110、25.3和92.8;在180℃以下的空气氛围中,吸附金属离子前后的聚合物均具有较好的热稳定性,该聚合物能用于金属离子的吸附分离和作为高分子催化剂的载体。 相似文献
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对前文合成的A系列氮杂聚合物冠醚树脂(多胺交联乙二醇双缩水甘油醚)进行了元素分析、差热分析及红外光谱表征。研究了该系列树脂对Cu2+、Ni2+、Co2+的静态吸附动力学、等温吸附过程,并根据元素分析,pH值对吸附性能的影响及吸附前后红外光谱分析结果对其吸附机理作了初步探讨。实验结果表明,A系列树脂具有热稳定性高、吸附速率快、吸附容量大等特点。可广泛应用于脱除污水中的过渡金属离子并可根据其对不同离子的吸附性能差异对金属离子进行有效分离。 相似文献
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树枝状介孔二氧化硅纳米粒子(DMSNs)独特的三维中心辐射状孔道结构使其具有出色的比表面积和孔体积,表面硅羟基官能团可作为功能化活性位点。已有研究表明,DMSNs基新型吸附剂材料能够替代传统二氧化硅材料(如MCM-41和SBA-15),对重金属离子具有优异的去除作用。综述总结了DMSNs基新型吸附剂材料的功能化方法,比较了其和功能化MCM-41或SBA-15对不同重金属离子(Pb2+、Cr6+、Hg2+等)和放射性金属离子(U(Ⅵ)、Th(Ⅳ)等)的吸附性能,以期为设计具有优越重金属离子去除能力的DMSNs基新型吸附材料提供理论指导。 相似文献
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以F127和CTMABr为模板剂,采用一步法经水热合成了巯基(-SH)修饰的新型介孔吸附剂,并将其应用于水溶液中Ag 的去除研究.分别考察了初始pH值、振荡时间、Ag 初始浓度和金属离子竞争对介孔吸附剂性能的影响.结果表明,在pH 5~6的范围内该吸附剂Ag 吸附量最大(Q=2.998mmool/g),其吸附机理是巯基(-SH)与Ag 的离子交换和配位化学吸附反应.在Cu2 、Ni2 、Co2 和pb2 等竞争性金属阳离子存在的情况下,Ag 去除率仍然高达90%以上.该介孔吸附剂对Ag 具有较高的吸附效率,其吸附符合Langmuir模型. 相似文献
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巯基功能化介孔氧化硅的合成及其对Pb(Ⅱ)的吸附 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用直接模板法,以三嵌段共聚物P123作为模板剂,酸性条件下制备出了具有规则孔道结构的介孔氧化硅.用有机硅烷MPTMS对其进行后续功能化,引入了对Pb2 离子有吸附能力的巯基基团.通过HRTEM、FTIR和N2吸附脱附等测试手段对功能化前后氧化硅的结构进行表征,结果表明,巯基功能团接枝在介孔氧化硅孔道内壁.吸附实验结果显示,巯基功能化氧化硅对水中Pb(Ⅱ)离子具有选择吸附性.当铅与铜、镉离子摩尔比为1:5时,巯基功能化材料对其吸附的分配系数之比分别为KdPb2 /KdCu2 =13.1和KdPb2 /KdCd2 =9.2.在Cu2 、Cd2 离子摩尔浓度相同时,此功能化介孔材料对Cd2 的吸附能力大于对Cu2 的吸附能力. 相似文献
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改性斜发沸石处理电镀废水中的重金属离子 总被引:23,自引:2,他引:21
沸石是一族含水铝硅酸盐矿物,具有特殊的晶体化学结构,拥有离子交换、高效选择性吸附、催化、耐酸、耐辐射等优异的性能和环境属性.天然斜发沸石经改性可增强吸附性能.在静态条件和动态条件下,研究了改性斜发沸石对电镀废水中重金属离子Cu2 ,Cr6 ,Zn2 ,Cd2 ,Pb2 的吸附性.结果表明,改性斜发沸石对重金属离子有较好的吸附性,pH值是影响吸附的主要因素.本技术用于电镀废水处理,可成功地使废水中重金属离子的含量降低到国家规定的排放标准以下,处理后的废水经解吸再生后可重复使用. 相似文献
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Polyrhodanine was immobilized onto the inner surface of anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) membrane via vapor deposition polymerization method. The polyrhodanine modified membrane was applied to remove heavy metal ions from aqueous solution because polyrhodanine could be coordinated with specific metal ions. Several parameters such as initial metal concentration, contact time and metal species were evaluated systematically for uptake efficiencies of the fabricated membrane under continuous flow condition. Adsorption isotherms of Hg(II) ion on the AAO-polyrhodanine membrane were analyzed with Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. The adsorption rate of Hg(II) ion on the membrane was obeyed by a pseudo-second order equation, indicating the chemical adsorption. The maximum removal capacity of Hg(II) ion onto the fabricated membrane was measured to be 4.2 mmol/g polymer. The AAO-polyrhodanine membrane had also remarkable uptake performance toward Ag(I) and Pb(II) ions. Furthermore, the polyrhodanine modified membrane could be recycled after recovery process. These results demonstrated that the polyrhodanine modified AAO membrane provided potential applications for removing the hazardous heavy metal ions from wastewater. 相似文献
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有机物污染和重金属污染给生态环境和人类健康带来极大危害,成为人们最关注的环境问题之一,吸附是去除水体中污染物的有效方式。生物炭材料是一种含碳有机物在无氧环境下高温炭化制备的功能材料,具有比表面积大、孔隙率高、性能稳定、绿色环保等优点。近年来,金属负载型生物炭材料对有机物催化降解和重金属离子吸附,均表现出较好的应用潜力,可用于有机物和重金属离子污染废水的治理。综述了金属负载型生物炭材料在有机污染物和重金属离子废水治理中的应用新进展,并探讨了金属负载型生物炭材料的发展趋势。 相似文献
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Effect of ionic strength on the adsorption of copper and chromium ions by vermiculite pure clay mineral 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
It is important to assess the effects of ionic strength when studying adsorption of metal ions on clay mineral because the background salt may complex metals and compete for adsorption sites. The sorption behavior of vermiculite pure clay mineral has been studied with respect to copper and chromium as a function of ionic strength in single metal ion solutions. Background electrolytes used in these experiments were KCl, NaCl and NH4Cl. The studies were conducted by a batch method at temperature 25 °C. The adsorption capacity and adsorption energy for each metal ion were calculated from the Langmuir adsorption isotherm.Also the competitive adsorption behavior of some heavy metal ions such as Cr(III), Cu(II), Ni(II) and Co(II) by vermiculite pure clay mineral was studied. The result shows the competition between coexisting heavy metal cations for the same adsorption sites of an adsorbent. However, when trivalent metal was added to the solution it competitively replaced divalent ions that had been previously adsorbed onto the vermiculite pure clay mineral, resulting in the desorption of these metals into the solution. 相似文献
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Using D311 resin as a template, porous nano-calcium titanate microspheres (PCTOM) were prepared by a citric acid complex sol-gel method and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), SEM and FTIR. The method's adsorption capabilities for heavy metal ions such as lead, cadmium and zinc were studied and adsorption and elution conditions were investigated. Moreover, taking the cadmium ion as an example, the thermodynamics and kinetics of the adsorption were studied. The results show that the microspheres were porous and were made of perovskite nano-calcium titanate. The lead, cadmium and zinc ions studied could be quantitatively retained at a pH value range of 5-8. The adsorption capacities of PCTOM for lead, cadmium and zinc were found to be 141.8 mg g(-1), 18.0 mg g(-1) and 24.4 mg g(-1) respectively. The adsorption behavior followed a Langmuir adsorption isotherm and a pseudo-second-order kinetic model, where adsorption was an endothermic and spontaneous physical process. The adsorbed metal ions could be completely eluted using 2 mol L(-1) HNO(3) with preconcentration factors over 100 for all studied heavy metal ions. The method has also been applied to the preconcentration and FAAS determination of trace lead, cadmium and zinc ion in water samples with satisfactory results. 相似文献
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氧化石墨烯作为一种独特的碳纳米材料,具有很高的比表面积,且其表面含有丰富的羟基、羧基等含氧基团,被认为是一种得天独厚的吸附材料,在净化水体方面有着广阔的发展前景。目前,为进一步提高氧化石墨烯对重金属离子的选择吸附性,氧化石墨烯被辅之以其他功能化材料,来制备复合材料。此外,膜分离技术在解决水环境问题上效果显著,因此将氧化石墨烯复合材料与膜分离技术相结合,来制备氧化石墨烯复合膜,对净化水体起到了事半功倍的效果。本文综述了氧化石墨烯复合膜材料的制备方法,并对其去除水中重金属离子的研究进展与吸附机理进行了综述,也对后续研究方向进行了展望。 相似文献
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沥青基球状活性炭的医用性能评价 总被引:9,自引:12,他引:9
表征了沥青基球状活性炭的基本结构参数(如比表面积、孔容量、球形度、强度、重金属含量等),测定了其对血液中典型中、小毒性分子的吸附性能(肌酐和VB12)和溶血反应率,分析了以沥青基球状活性炭为吸附剂的人工炭肾的微粒释放量、热源和细菌含量,并进行临床试验。结果表明:沥青基球状活性炭球形度好,强度高,具有良好的广谱吸附性能,对血液中典型的中、小毒性分子吸附能力强,重金属含量低,溶血率低,微粒释放量少,无热源、无菌,血液灌流临床试验效果满意,可以作为人工炭肾的吸附剂。 相似文献
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硅基介孔材料因其特有的特性,被用于去除废水中重金属离子的吸附剂.为了提高对目标污染物的吸附容量, 本文采用一步法和两步法制备了氨基或巯基功能化SBA-15介孔材料,利用傅里叶红外光谱仪、场发射扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪和氮气吸附脱附表征测试了材料的化学组成、微观形貌和物相结构.测试结果显示经功能化处理后的样品成功地接枝氨基或巯基功能基团.研究发现,经功能化处理后,材料的骨架结构及介孔孔道均未被破坏,但有序性下降且出现少许团聚,物性参数也有一定程度下降,功能化材料对Zn2+、Pb2+、Cr3+和Cu2+的吸附率均有大幅度提高.经氨基或巯基功能化后,SBA-15介孔材料对水体中重金属离子的吸附率有很大提高,但一步法制备的功能化硅基介孔材料因模板剂去除不彻底而影响了对重金属离子的吸附效率,两步法制备的功能化硅基介孔材料对重金属离子的吸附效果更好,说明本文的功能化硅基介孔材料工艺是可行有效的,但两步法合成的功能化介孔材料具有更好的吸附效果. 相似文献
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To clarify the heavy metal adsorption mechanism of nitrogen-doped magnetic carbon nanoparticles (N-MCNPs), adsorption capacity was investigated from the adsorption isotherms, kinetics and thermodynamics points of view. The obtained results showed that the equilibrium adsorption behavior of Cr(3+) ion onto the N-MCNPs can be applied to the Langmuir model and pseudo-second-order kinetics. It indicated that the fabricated N-MCNPs had the homogenous surface for adsorption and all adsorption sites had equal adsorption energies. Furthermore, the adsorption onto N-MCNPs taken place through a chemical process involving the valence forces. According to the thermodynamics, the adsorption process is spontaneous and endothermic in nature which means that the adsorption capacity increases with increasing temperature due to the enhanced mobility of adsorbate molecules. The effects of the solution pH and the species of heavy metal ion on the adsorption uptake were also studied. The synthesized N-MCNPs exhibited an enhanced adsorption capacity for the heavy metal ions due to the high surface area and large amount of nitrogen contents. 相似文献