叶顶间隙对轴流风机内部流场影响的研究

基于Realizable k-ε湍流模型和 SIMPLE 算法,对某轴流式通风机在不同叶顶间隙下进行了设计工况时的数值模拟.讨论了不同叶顶间隙大小对风机性能的影响,分析了叶轮出口截面速度、压力等参数的分布以及叶顶泄漏流和泄漏涡随间隙大小的变化情况.数值结果表明,随叶顶间隙逐渐增大,风机性能不断下降;叶轮出口截面速度、总压和湍动能大小受间隙泄漏流的影响明显;泄漏涡由泄漏流与主流发生卷吸而形成,且泄漏涡会受到间隙大小的影响.     

对旋轴流风机叶顶形态对其性能的影响

为了探究改变叶顶结构对风机性能的影响，采用Fluent对不同叶顶形态的对旋轴流风机性能进行数值模拟。分析了不同叶顶形态对风机效率、全压、叶顶泄漏流和泄漏涡的影响。结果表明：风机效率随叶顶开槽长度的增加而增大。在开槽长度和深度相同时，与第一级叶轮相比，改变第二级叶轮的叶顶形态对风机性能的改善更加显著。与后缘相比，在叶顶前缘开槽对风机性能改善更大。叶顶开槽后，间隙处形成泄漏涡，且叶顶泄漏流入口处涡流强度明显提高，可有效削弱叶顶泄漏流的发展，改善风机性能。     

叶顶间隙对轴流风机性能影响的大涡模拟研究

为了研究分析叶顶间隙对轴流式通风机性能的影响,分别对1mm、2mm和4mm的三种叶顶间隙建立了三维全流道作为计算域,采用大涡模拟方法对其三维全流场进行数值模拟,得到了轴流式通风机的效率和压升随流量的变化曲线,对比分析了不同的叶顶间隙对风机性能的影响,另外,得到了叶顶泄漏涡的强度和影响区域随着叶顶间隙的增大而增大。     

轴流风机叶片展向结构变化对性能影响的数值分析

基于电站风机裕量普遍较高的现象,本文以OB-84轴流风机为对象,采用Fluent模拟了叶顶切割和轮毂加粗后的风机性能,分析了2种改造方式对风机性能、内流特征及轴功率的影响。结果表明:体积流量qv≥33 m3/s时,叶轮改造后的全压和效率均随叶高减小而降低,但轮毂加粗后的风机性能优于叶顶切割情形;qv<33 m3/s时,2种改造方式均可使不稳定区变缓甚至消失;叶轮改造后动叶总压升系数小于原风机,但导叶扩压能力增强,且叶轮改造能改善中小流量下风机噪声特性;叶顶切割后,轴功率均小于原风机;在高于设计流量下,与原风机相比,轮毂加粗后的轴功率呈减小趋势,但叶顶切割方式的降幅更大。     

低压轴流风机叶顶间隙对叶尖涡及外部性能的影响研究

基于其一动叶可调的低压轴流风机叶轮,通过对其在不同叶顶间隙下的叶顶区域进行数值模拟分析。计算结果分析表明:该轴流风机在叶顶间隙较小时虽然会出现泄漏流动,但不一定会出现泄漏涡,随着叶顶间隙的增大,泄漏流动将变得不明显,取而代之的是泄漏涡,并且泄漏涡的强度和影响区域随着间隙的增大而增大;在相同流量下,通风机的全压随着叶顶间隙的增大而减小;随着流量的降低,叶顶间隙越大,越早进入非稳定状态。     

叶顶间隙对低速离心叶轮性能影响及尾缘附近流场分析

为了深入了解不同叶顶间隙下低速离心叶轮性能变化及尾缘附近流场变化,利用商用计算流体力学软件包NUMECA FINE/TURBO分别对0.5、1、2倍叶顶间隙的LSCC离心叶轮内部三维粘性流场进行了数值模拟研究。结果表明:随着叶顶间隙的增加,叶轮通道内损失增大,尾迹损失增大,离心机的效率压比降低;随着叶顶间隙的增加,间隙泄漏流增强,通道内叶顶、机匣表面附近低速区扩大,由于尾缘附近低速区扩大并向吸力面移动,低速区与尾迹掺混加剧了叶轮出口通道涡运动,尾迹中心从压力面向通道中心移动。     

叶顶间隙对离心泵气液两相流特性的影响

为研究叶顶间隙对离心泵气液两相流特性的影响，以比转速为33的半开式叶轮离心泵为研究对象，设计了四种叶顶间隙值(0.3 mm、0.5 mm、0.7 mm、1 mm)的模型泵，采用Eulerian模型对各间隙值模型泵进行了不同进口含气率(IGVF)不同流量工况下气液两相流动进行了数值计算，得到了不同IGVF下各模型泵的外特性曲线，并分析了叶顶间隙变化对模型泵外特性及其内部流场影响规律。结果表明：当IGVF≤5%时，气相在泵内的聚集程度较低，叶顶间隙泄漏流动是影响模型泵性能的主要原因，模型泵的性能随间隙值的增大而减小，0.3 mm间隙值为最佳间隙值；当IGVF=12%时，气相在泵内高度聚集，导致叶轮内部流动极为紊乱，湍动能的分布范围和强度也逐渐增强，由此造成的能量损失是导致模型泵性能下降的主要因素，其中0.5 mm间隙值模型泵的湍动能分布和强度最小，此时模型泵的性能达到最佳。     

对旋轴流风机叶顶间隙对其气动噪声的影响

为探究改变叶顶间隙对矿用对旋式轴流风机气动噪声的影响，建立不同叶顶间隙的风机三维模型，并结合风机性能试验验证模型的正确性。利用Fluent对风机进行定常模拟、非定常模拟和噪声预估，分析了声功率级和声压级随叶顶间隙的变化情况。结果表明：叶根与轮毂交界处、叶顶间隙处和相邻两叶片中间部位的声功率级随间隙的增加而增大，且叶顶处吸力面声功率级高于压力面。不同间隙下风机的A级声压值总体上呈先急剧下降后上升再逐渐下降的趋势，间隙变大后，风机在各监测点处的A级声压值随之增大。与高频处相比，间隙对中低频处的A级声压值影响更加显著。     

叶顶间隙对离心叶轮性能影响的数值模拟

对5个不同叶顶间隙下离心叶轮通道中的流动情况进行了数值模拟,得到了不同间隙时叶轮的效率、压比随质量流量变化的性能曲线,分析了间隙对叶轮性能的影响。     

叶顶间隙对离心叶轮气动性能影响研究

使用非结构化网格上的有限体积法,数值研究一半开式离心压缩机叶轮的内部流场、气动性能随叶顶间隙的变化规律。对原始叶轮相对间隙α=1．8％,数值计算所得到的气动性能参数与实验值符合非常好;对大范围叶顶相对间隙α=0．9％。7．0％内6种不同叶顶间隙下该叶轮的气动性能进行数值预测,随着叶顶间隙增大,离心叶轮气动效率、压比及转矩均降低,但变化曲线与线性函数相距甚远,呈现出典型的双平台变化关系。对所研究模型,综合考虑气动及强度振动因素,叶顶相对间隙最佳值取为2．6％,计算结果对离心压缩机设计具有一定的工程指导意义。     

Tip clearance effect on through-flow and performance of a centrifugal compressor

Numerical simulations have been performed to investigate tip clearance effect on through-flow and performance of a centrifugal compressor which has the same configuration of impeller with six different tip clearances. Secondary flow and loss distribution have been surveyed to understand the flow mechanism due to the tip clearance. Tip leakage flow strongly interacts with mainstream flow and considerably changes the secondary flow and the loss distribution inside the impeller passage. A method has been described to quantitatively estimate the tip clearance effect on the performance drop and the efficiency drop. The tip clearance has caused specific work reduction and additional entropy generation. The former, which is called inviscid loss, is independent of any internal loss and the latter, which is called viscous loss, is dependent on every loss in the flow passage. Two components equally affected the performance drop as the tip clearances were small, while the efficiency drop was influenced by the viscous component alone. The additional entropy generation was modeled with all the kinetic energy of the tip leakage flow. Therefore, the present paper can provide how to quantitatively estimate the tip clearance effect on the performance and efficiency.     

Performance prediction and flow field calculation for airfoil fan with impeller inlet clearance

The performance prediction of an airfoil fan using a commerical code, STAR/CD, is verified by comparing the calculated results with measured performance data and velocity fields of an airfoil fan. The effects of inlet tip clearance on performance are investigated. The calculations overestimate the pressure rise performance by about 10–25 percent. However, the performance reduction due to tip clearance is well predicted by numerical simulations. Main source of performance decrease is not only the slip factor but also impeller efficiency. The reduction in performance is 12–16 percent for 1 percent gap of the diameter. The calculated reductions in impeller efficiency and slip factor are also linearly proportional to the gap size. The span-wise distributions of phase averaged velocity and pressure at the impeller exit are strongly influenced by the radial gap size. The radial component of velocity and the flow angle increase over the passage as the gap increases. The slip factor decreases and the loss increases with the gap size. The high velocity of leakage jet affects the impeller inlet and passage flows. With a larger clearance, the main stream moves to the impeller hub side and high loss region extends from the shroud to the hub.     

Influence of tip clearance on pressure fluctuations in an axial flow pump

Rotor-stator interaction in axial pumps can produce pressure fluctuations and further vibrations even damage to the pump system in some extreme case. In this paper, the influence of tip clearance on pressure fluctuations in an axial flow water pump has been investigated by numerical method. Three-dimensional unsteady flow in the axial flow water pump has been simulated with different tip clearances between the impeller blade tip and the casing wall. In addition to monitoring pressure fluctuations at some typical points, a new method based on pressure statistics was proposed to determine pressure fluctuations at all grid nodes inside the whole pump. The comparison shows that the existence of impeller tip clearance magnifies the pressure fluctuations in the impeller region, from the hub to shroud. However, the effect on pressure fluctuation in the diffuser region is not evident. Furthermore, the tip clearance vortex has also been examined under different tip clearances.     

半开式复合叶轮离心泵不同叶顶间隙的水力特性分析

 针对服务于航天低温循环系统的半开式复合叶轮离心泵效能利用率低的问题,研讨了其内流场在3种不同叶顶间隙下的工作情况。应用ANSYSY-Fluent软件对3种不同叶顶间隙的流场进行三维定常全流场数值模拟,得出3种叶顶间隙对离心泵内流特性的影响规律。通过对实物泵的水力特性试验以及试验结果与数值模拟结果对比分析,得出叶顶间隙是半开式离心泵存在能量损耗原因之一,减小叶顶间隙有利于提高效能利用率,并确认了试验数值模拟的可靠性。     

基于ANSYS的离心风机叶轮结构优化研究

叶轮是离心风机的核心部件,由于叶轮是高速旋转的部件,动静之间不能有接触,同时动静之间的间隙通过泄漏损失和二次流损失直接影响风机的效率。为有效地控制叶轮和形环之间的间隙,本文提出在叶轮轮盘侧添加凸台结构,采用4种改进设计方案。利用通用有限元分析软件ANSYS进行计算分析[1-3],综合考虑叶轮应力、应变等因素,最终得到了在新型设计方法下的最优设计方案。结果表明,新型设计改进方案有效地减小了叶轮的轴向位移量和径向位移量,为叶轮和形环之间的间隙设计提供了依据,进而可以最大限度地减少漏气损失和二次流损失。     

Centrifugal compressor tip clearance and impeller flow

Compressors consume a considerable portion of the electricity used in the industrial sector. Hence, improvements in compressor efficiency lead to energy savings and reduce environmental impacts. The efficiency of an unshrouded centrifugal compressor suffers from leakage flow over the blade tips. The effect of tip leakage flow on the passage flow differs between the full and splitter blade passages. In this study, the differences in the flow fields between the full and splitter blade passages were studied numerically in detail. An industrial high-speed compressor with a design pressure ratio of 1.78 was modelled. Numerical studies were conducted with six different tip clearances and three different diffuser widths. The results show that increasing tip clearance considerably increases the reversed flow into the impeller with an unpinched diffuser. The reversed flow then partly mixes into the flow in the same blade passage it entered the impeller and the rest migrates over the blade, mixing with the tip clearance flow. Furthermore, as the reversed and clearance flow mix into the wake, the wake is weakened. As pinch reduces both the reversed flow and clearance flow, the passage wakes are stronger with pinches. However, the pinch is beneficial as the losses at the impeller outlet decrease.