新型可溶性聚酰亚胺液晶垂直取向剂的合成

利用4-十二烷氧基联苯酚-3,5-二氨基苯甲酸酯、3,3′-二甲基-4,4′-亚甲基二苯胺(DMMDA)按不同比例和4,4-氧双邻苯二甲酸酐(ODPA)通过一步法共聚合成一系列聚酰亚胺,该聚酰亚胺在N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(DMAC)、二甲基亚砜(DMSO)以及氯仿(TCM)等溶剂中显示出良好的溶解性,并且显示出优异的垂直取向性能,即使摩擦以后所引起的预倾角也未出现显著的下降。     

侧链密度对聚酰亚胺取向膜性能的影响

成功地合成了二胺单体十二烷氧基苯-4′,4″-二氨基三苯胺(DPDTA),并用此单体与3,3′-二甲基-4,4′-二氨基二苯甲烷(DMMDA)和二苯醚四羧酸二酐(ODPA)共缩聚,采用低温缩聚-热酰亚胺化、通过调节共聚物组成制备了2种聚酰亚胺(PI)。利用FT-IR、NMR、UV-Vis与DSC等手段对合成二胺单体及PI进行了结构表征和性能测试。研究了其取向性能、透光性能和耐热性能。结果表明,在摩擦前,含10%DPDTA的PI不能诱导液晶分子取向,含25%DPDTA的PI能诱导液晶分子垂直取向,预倾角可达89.6°。而摩擦后,两种PI都能使液晶分子平行取向,预倾角分别为1.8°和2.4°。两种PI膜在500～800nm区域透光率都在80%以上,玻璃化温度都在230℃以上。     

聚酰亚胺主链结构对液晶取向膜性能的影响

采用一步法,以N,N-二(4-氨基苯基)-4-(十二烷氧基联苯基)-4’-氨基苯醚(C12-BAAPE)为控制预倾角的功能性二胺,2,2’-双三氟甲基-4,4’-联苯二胺(TFDB)或4,4’-二氨基二苯醚(ODA)为辅助二胺,分别与2,2’-双(3,4-二羧苯基)六氟丙烷四羧酸二酐(6FDA)和4,4’-联苯醚二酐(ODPA)聚合,得到三种主链结构不同的聚酰亚胺(PI-1、PI-2和PI-3)。利用NMR、FT-IR、DSC、TGA、偏光显微镜和预倾角测试仪对聚合物的结构、热性能以及制备的液晶盒的取向性进行了表征,同时测试了3种PI的溶解性能。结果表明,PI-2液晶取向膜的耐摩擦性能明显优于PI-1和PI-3,且具有更高的玻璃化转变温度(Tg)和分解温度(Td),更好的溶解性能。分子模拟(MS)表明,由于PI-2分子主链垂直构象的存在,增加了分子链的刚性,因而提高了取向膜的耐摩擦性能。     

聚合工艺对联苯侧链型聚酰亚胺薄膜取向性能的影响

以4,4′二氨基二苯醚(ODA)、 3,5-二氨基苯甲酸{6-[4′-(苯基)苯氧基]}己基)酯(C6-DABBE)、4,4′-二苯醚四羧酸二酐(ODPA) 为单体,分别采用一步法和两步法共聚合成一系列含有联苯侧链的聚酰亚胺.采用衰减全反射红外光谱(ATR-FTIR)、表面能、原子力显微镜(AFM)、光电子能谱(XPS)等测试手段对薄膜的基本性能进行了研究.通过对预倾角的测量考察了液晶分子在联苯侧链聚酰亚胺薄膜上的取向性能.结果表明,一步法和两步法合成的聚酰亚胺表面分子结构基本一致,都能使液晶分子表现出良好的取向性能;液晶分子的预倾角随着聚酰亚胺侧链含量的增加而增加;由于两步法更有利于侧链在表面富集,所以采用两步法可获得更大的预倾角.     

有机聚合物BPDA-ODA-DR1的合成及热光性能的研究

用3,3’,4,4’-联苯四甲酸二酐(BPDA)、4,4’-二胺基二苯醚(4,4’-ODA)和分散红1(DR1)合成了可制作光波导器件的聚酰亚胺(PI)有机聚合物,采用示差扫描量热(DSC)、热失重分析(TGA)和紫外吸收光谱等方法对其热稳定性和光学性质进行了表征。DSC和TGA结果显示,该PI的玻璃化转变温度(Tg)为248℃,在5%的热失重温度为285℃,表明具有非常好的热稳定性。演示了用阿贝折射仪测定该材料的折射率(n)和热光系数(dn/dT)的方法;通过改变PI含量的方法,方便地实现了聚合物体系的折射率控制;通过热光系数的测量,计算了聚合物的介电常数(ε)、介电热光系数(dε/dT)和体积热膨胀系数β及其变化率(dβ/dT)。制得的聚合物材料的dn/dT为-2.2615~-3.7028×10-4K-1,dβ/dT为2.22~6.14×10-7K-1,表明该聚合物在低驱动功率的新型数字热光开关、光通信器件等领域具有潜在的应用前景。     

有机电致发光材料用N，N，N′，N′—四苯基联苯二胺类化合物的制备

通过Ulmann缩合反应合成了在有机电致发光（OEL）显示器件上有使用前景的四苯基联苯二胺类空穴传输材料N,N′－二苯基－N,N′－双（3－甲基苯基）－[1,1′-联苯][-4,4′-二胺,N,N′－二苯基－,N′-（4－甲基苯基)-[1,1-′-联苯]－4,4′－二胺和N,N,N′,N′－四苯基－[-1,1′-联苯]-4,4′-二胺,对产品从混合物中分离的方法作了改进。其产率及含量分别为85％,97．6％,95％,98．5％,70％,98．1％,。以3种化合物均用红外光谱进行了表征。′     

特性炔类液晶的简便合成

4,4′-二烷基-4-乙炔基联环己烷(1)和它的偶联衍生物1,4-双((4,4′-二烷基-联环己)-4-基)丁二炔(2)、1,4-双(2-((4,4′-二烷基-联环己)-4-基)乙炔基)芳烃(3)是具有某种特性的重要液晶化合物。文章介绍了以4,4′-二烷基联环己基-4-甲腈(4)为起始原料的化合物的合成。首先,化合物(4)与甲基锂发生加成反应,水解后制得关键中间体甲基酮化合物(5),接着甲基酮化合物(5)与格氏试剂在特定的条件下反应,高收率地制得炔类化合物(1),关于本反应可能的机理文中也进行了阐述。化合物(1)通过氧化自偶联制得化合物(2)。化合物(1)与二卤代芳烃在Pd(0)催化系统下发生偶联制得化合物3,这些化合物的制备具有短的合成步骤和高的反应收率,是高效的合成方法;其中化合物(1)的制备方法从未见诸于以前的任何文献报道。     

非线性光学PI/SiO2纳米杂化材料的合成与表征

以含氟的二胺5,5'-(六氟异丙基)-二-(2-氨基苯酚)及二酐3,3',4,4'-苯四甲酸二酐(BPDA)为单体.首先合成了经酰胺化的主链上带有活性羟基的含氟聚酰亚胺,再通过Mitsunobu反应将活性生色分子共价链接到聚酰亚胺的侧链骨架上,合成了二阶非线性光学(NLO)含氟聚酰亚胺,采用溶胶-凝胶(sol-gel)技术,并利用偶联剂APTES制备带有发色团的及含有硅氧烷端分子的聚酰胺酸,其中的Si(OR)3基经水解、缩合后,与TEOS在催化剂作用下反应,经杂化、凝胶后,得到光学透明的具有非线性光学的、热稳定性高的杂化材料.将制得的NLO含氟聚酰亚胺/SiO2杂化材料,采用红外光谱(FT-IR)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、示差扫描量热法(DSC)和热重分析(TGA)性能测试装置对材料的结构、表面形貌、热性能进行了表征.     

一种新型耐热可溶聚酰亚胺的制备及性质

成功合成带有三苯胺和吡喃环结构的新型功能性二胺4-[(2-二氢吡喃)氧]-4’,4"-二氨基三苯胺(THP)。使用此单体与4,4′-二氨基二苯醚(ODA)和4,4′-(六氟异丙烯)二酞酸酐(6FDA)共聚,利用两步化学酰胺化法,制备了共聚物的组成配比不同的3种聚酰亚胺(PI)。使用NMR、FT-IR、DSC、UV-Vis等测试手段对单体和PI进行了结构表征和各项性能测试。研究了其溶解性能、耐热性能、透光性能和取向性能。结果表明3种PI均可溶于NMP、DMF等极性溶剂,同时在THF、DCM等低沸点溶剂中也具有较好的溶解性。PI的玻璃化转变温度在270℃以上,在500~800nm区域透过率在80%以上,液晶分子的预倾角随THP的增加而增大,可达2.3°,且具有均一的取向效果。     

侧链含稠环的新型聚酰亚胺液晶垂直取向剂的制备及表征

以3,5-二硝基苯甲酰氯、雌二醇及溴代正辛烷为原料合成了含有稠环结构的新型功能性二胺(H8-c)。用1,2,3,4-环丁烷四甲酸二酐(CBDA)、对苯二胺(PDA)及H8-c共聚制备了一种聚酰亚胺(PI)液晶垂直取向剂。该PI膜作为取向层制得的液晶盒,在120℃下烘烤12h仍可垂直取向,拥有良好的垂直取向热稳定性。热重分析(TGA)测试表明其具有良好的热稳定性,在氮气中,这种PI的5%热失重温度(T5)和10%热失重温度(T10)分别高达400℃和480℃。紫外可见光谱(UV-vis)显示此PI膜在400nm以上具有高的透过率,可达95%以上。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.     

New insert layer structure OLEDs

An insert layer structure organic electroluminescent device（OLED） based on a new luminescent material （Zn（salen）） is fabricated. The configuration of the device is ITO/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1. Effective insert electrode layers comprising LiF（1nm）/Al（5 nm） are used as a single semitransparent mirror, and bilayer cathode LiF（1 nm）/A1（100 nm） is used as a reflecting mirror. The two mirrors form a Fabry-Perot microcavity and two emissive units. The maximum brightness and luminous efficiency reach 674 cd/m^2 and 2.652 cd/A, respectively, which are 2.1 and 3.7 times higher than the conventional device, respectively. The superior brightness and luminous efficiency over conventional single-unit devices are attributed to microcavity effect.