有机电荷产生层对叠层磷光OLED器件性能的影响

采用C60/pentanece作为非掺杂电荷产生层,并在其两边各插入Al和MoOs薄层作为C60和pentanece的电子注入层和空穴注入层,在此基础上制备了结构为ITO/NPB/mCP∶8wt％Ir (ppy) 3/TPBi/Al/C60/pentanece/MoOs/NPB/mCP∶8wt％Ir (ppy) 3/TPBi/Cs2CO3/Al的双发光单元叠层绿色磷光有机发光器件(OLED).实验表明,增加Al和MoO3电荷注入层,可有效改善有机电荷产生层的电荷注入能力,提高叠层OLED器件的发光亮度和电流效率.叠层器件的启亮电压明显低于单个器件的1/2,但电流效率是单层器件的两倍以上.当Al/C60/pentanece/MoO3的厚度分别是3、15、25和1 nm时,叠层OLED器件具有最佳的光电性能,其最大亮度和最大电流效率分别是7 920.0 cd/m2和16.4 cd/A.     

具有新型电荷产生层的叠层有机发光器件

研究了采用薄层WO3作为叠层有机发光器件电荷产生层时的性能并对其厚度进行了优化,器件的电荷产生层由Li掺杂的电子注入层和高透明的WO3组成.研究表明,薄层WO3具有很高的透明度,并能有效地产生和注入空穴.叠层器件性能与单发光单元器件相比较,其亮度及效率均有大幅提高,叠层器件的最大电流效率达到了4.2 cd/A,在相同的电流密度下,叠层器件的效率约为传统器件的2倍;同时,电荷产生层的性能与WO3薄膜厚度密切相关,WO3薄膜厚度为3 nm时,器件的效率在整个电流范围内都保持稳定.采用薄层WO3作为电荷产生层为制备高效叠层有机发光器件提供了一条有效的途径.     

基于LiF/Al/F4-TCNQ/NPB电荷产生层的叠层有机电致发光器件的特性研究

采用结构为LiF/Al/F4-TCNQ/NPB的电荷产生层,制备出了双发光单元叠层有机电致发光器件(OLED:Organic Light Emitting Device)。通过对比实验发现当F4-TCNQ层的厚度为8nm、Al层的厚度为5nm时,电荷产生层产生电荷的能力较强且具有良好的透光率。基于此,本文制备了发光层为CBP:6%Ir(ppy)3的叠层OLED,通过与单发光单元OLED的性能比较发现:采用LiF/Al/F4-TCNQ/NPB作为电荷产生层制备的叠层OLED的最大电流效率与功率效率分别为51.6cd/A、28.4lm/W,为单发光单元OLED的2.16倍、1.8倍,此外采用这种结构的电荷产生层有效解决了叠层OLED由于工作电压高而导致功率效率并未得到提升的问题;另一方面,采用有机材料F4-TCNQ代替传统无机金属氧化物作为电荷产生层中的电荷产生部分,能够避免无机金属氧化物高温升华对Al层薄膜的破坏,提升了器件的效率并且降低了器件的roll-off现象。     

新型低压高效叠层有机白光器件

以Bphen:Li/WO3作为电荷产生层制备了低压、高效有机叠层白光器件.实验中,首先在器件中引入高导电性的载流子注入和传输层,有效降低了器件的驱动电压,然后通过电荷产生层垂直堆叠两个低压白光器件,获得了低压、高效有机叠层白光器件.叠层器件性能与单发光单元的器件相比较.其亮度及效率均有大幅提高,叠层器件的最大电流效率达到了17cd/A,在相同的电流密度下,叠层器件的效率约为传统器件的2.3倍.同时由于在叠层结构中引入了高导电性的载流子传输层,有效降低了器件的驱动电压,显著改善了白光器件的流明效率.叠层器件的流明效率相对于单发光单元器件提高了53%.     

新型低压高效叠层有机白光器件

以Bphen:Li/WO3作为电荷产生层制备了低压、高效有机叠层白光器件. 实验中,首先在器件中引入高导电性的载流子注入和传输层,有效降低了器件的驱动电压,然后通过电荷产生层垂直堆叠两个低压白光器件,获得了低压、高效有机叠层白光器件. 叠层器件性能与单发光单元的器件相比较,其亮度及效率均有大幅提高,叠层器件的最大电流效率达到了17cd/A,在相同的电流密度下,叠层器件的效率约为传统器件的2.3倍,同时由于在叠层结构中引入了高导电性的载流子传输层,有效降低了器件的驱动电压,显著改善了白光器件的流明效率.叠层器件的流明效率相对于单发光单元器件提高了53%.     

以新型芴衍生物为发光层的深蓝色叠层电致发光器件

以新型含氟三联芴(TPFF)作发光层,获得了深蓝色叠层有机电致发光器件.器件的电荷产生层由Li掺杂的电子注入层和高透明的WO3组成.研究发现叠层器件性能与单发光单元器件相比较,其亮度及效率均有大幅提高,叠层器件的最大电流效率达到了2.08 cd/A,器件的CIE色坐标为(0.156,0.078),在相同的电流密度下,叠层器件的效率约为传统器件的2.1倍,同时叠层结构也显著改善了器件的流明效率,在高亮度的情况下,叠层器件的流明效率显著高于传统器件.可见,采用叠层结构是制备高亮度高效率的深蓝色有机发光器件的一种有效方法.     

用ZnS薄膜作为空穴缓冲层的高效率有机发光二极管

用磁控溅射方法制备的ZnS薄膜作为有机发光器件(OLEDs)的空穴缓冲层,使典型结构的 OLEDs(ITO/TPD/Alq/LiF/Al) 的发光性能得到改善.ZnS 缓冲层厚度对器件性能影响的实验结果表明,当ZnS缓冲层厚度为 5 nm 时,器件的亮度增加了2倍多;当ZnS缓冲层厚度为5、10 nm时,器件的发光电流效率增加40%.研究结果表明 ZnS 薄膜是一种好的缓冲层材料,它能够提高器件的发光效率,改善器件的稳定性.     

NPB/Alq3双层有机电致发光器件薄膜厚度与器件性能的优化

研究了以NPB为空穴传输层、Alq₃为发光层的双层异质结有机电致发光器件的薄膜厚度对器件性能的影响.制备了一系列具有不同NPB和Alq₃厚度的器件并测试了其电致发光特性.结果表明,器件电流随Alq₃与NPB厚度变化的关系并不相同.不同有机层厚度双层器件的电流机制符合陷阱电荷限制(TCL)理论,随外加电压的增大,器件电流经历了欧姆电导区、TCL电流区、陷阱电荷限制-空间电荷限制(TCL-SCL)过渡区三个区域的变化.当有机层厚度匹配为NPB(20nm)/Alq₃(50nm)时可以获得性能优良的器件.器件的流明效率-电压关系曲线的变化规律是在低电压区较快达到最大值,然后随电压的增加逐渐降低.     

白光有机电致发光器件发光稳定性研究

基于红绿/蓝双发光层,制作了结构为ITO/MoO ₃(10nm)/NPB(40nm)/TCTA(10nm)/CBP:R-4B(2%):GIR1(14%,X nm)/mCP:Firpic(8%,Y nm/BCP(10nm)/Alq₃(40nm)/LiF(1nm)/Al( 100nm)的白色全磷光有机电致发光器件(OLED),通过 调节红绿发光层的厚度X与蓝光发光层的厚度Y,研究了不同发光层厚度器件发 光性能的影响。研究发现:当X 为23nm、Y为7nm时,器件的光效和色坐标都具有 很高的稳定性,在电压分别为5、 10和15V时,色坐标分别为(0.33,0.37)、(0.33,0. 37)和(0.34,0.38);在电压为 5V时,电流密度为0.674mA,亮度为158.7cd ,最大电流效率为26.87cd/A;利用电子阻 挡材料TCTA和空穴阻挡材料BCP能够显著提高载流子的复合效率。分析认为:发光层顺序 为红绿/蓝时,更有利于蓝光的出射,从而使白光的色坐标更稳定。     

MoO3对有机太阳能电池性能影响的研究

采用MoO3作为阳极缓冲层,制备了结构为ITO/MoO3/P3HT/C60/Bphen/Ag的有机太阳能电池器件,研究了MoO3薄膜厚度对器件性能的影响。采用常用的等效电路模型,仿真计算得到MoO3缓冲层对器件串联电阻的影响。此外,测试了器件的吸收光谱,研究了MoO3缓冲层对器件光子吸收的作用。结果表明,在MoO3厚度为1 nm时,器件的短路电流密度、开路电压和填充因子都得到了提高。MoO3可以改善电极和有机层的界面接触性能,能够有效降低器件的串联电阻,提高载流子的传输和收集效率;同时,MoO3缓冲层透过率高,不会对器件的光吸收效率造成影响。     

Buffer-modified C60/pentacene as organic charge generation layer based on Al and MoO3

We demonstrate tandem organic light-emitting diodes (TOLEDs) with excellent performance using Al and MoO₃ buffer-modified C₆₀/pentacene as charge generation layer (CGL). Al and MoO₃ were used as the electron and hole injection layers of C60/pentacene CGL, respectively. Green phosphorescence TOLEDs with the structure of ITO/NPB/mCP:Ir(ppy)₃/TPBi/Al/C₆₀/pentacene/MoO₃/NPB/mCP:Ir(ppy)₃/TPBi/Cs₂CO₃/Al were fabricated. The results show that the inserted Al and MoO₃ can effectively increase the charge injection capacity of organic CGL, resulting the improvement of luminance and current efficiency of TOLEDs. The turn-on voltage of TOLEDs is much lower than that of single-unit device, and the current efficiency is more than 2 times larger than that of the single-unit device. TOLEDs can exhibit excellent photoelectric performance when the thicknesses of Al, C₆₀, pentacene and MoO₃ are 3 nm, 15 nm, 25 nm and 1 nm, respectively. The maximum luminance and current efficiency are 7 920.0 cd/m² and 16.4 cd/A, respectively. This work is significant to build new CGL structures for realizing high-performance TOLEDs.     

Efficiency enhancement in tandem organic light-emitting devices with a hybrid charge generation layer composed of BEDT-TTF-doped TPBi/mCP/HAT-CN

Tandem organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs) were fabricated with a hybrid organic charge generation layer (CGL) composed of bis(ethylenedithio)-tetrathiafulvalene (BEDT-TTF) doped 1,3,5-tris(N-phenylbenzimiazole-2-yl)benzene (TPBi), 1,3-bis(cabazol-9-yl)benzene (mCP), and 1,4,5,8,9,11-hexaazatriphenylene hexacarbonitrile (HAT-CN) in an attempt to enhance their current efficiency. While the operating voltage of the tandem OLEDs with a hybrid structure composed of BEDT-TTF-doped TPBi, mCP, and a HAT-CN CGL at 10 mA/cm² was 1 V lower than that of the tandem OLEDs with a typical CGL composed of BEDT-TTF-doped TPBi and a HAT-CN, the corresponding the current efficiency of the tandem OLEDs with a hybrid CGL at 10 mA/cm² was 2.9 cd/A higher than that of the tandem OLEDs with a typical CGL. The increase in the current efficiency and the decrease in the operating voltage of the tandem OLEDs with the hybrid CGL were attributed to enhanced electron injection due to the insertion of the mCP layer into the hybrid CGL.     

A red tandem organic light-emitting diode based on organic photovoltaic-type charge generation layer

In this paper, a significant enhancement in current efficiency of a red tandem organic light-emitting diode (OLED), which is based on an organic photovoltaic-type charge generation layer (CGL) of fullerene carbon 60/copper (Ⅱ) phthalocyanine, is introduced. The CGL can absorb a part of photons, radiated from emission zone, then form excitons, which are dissociated into free charges. It induces in lower driven voltage and better efficiency of tandem OLED. Compared with single emitter-unit OLED and tandem OLED with bulk heterojunction CGL, the luminous efficiency boosts remarkably with increasing current density and shows rather slower roll-off. Our results demonstrate that the organic photovoltaic heterojunction, consists of two matched n- and p-type organic semiconductors, is a promising CGL for tandem OLEDs with high efficiency.     

Tandem organic light-emitting diodes with buffer- modified C60/pentacene as charge generation layer

Buffer-modified C60/pentacene as charge generation layer (CGL) is investigated to achieve effective performance of charge generation. Undoped green electroluminescent tandem organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) with multiple identical emissive units and using buffer-modified C60/pentacene organic semiconductor heterojunction (OHJ) as CGL are demonstrated to exhibit better current density and brightness, compared with conventional single-unit devices. The current density and brightness both can be significantly improved with increasing the thickness of Al. However, excessive thickness of Al seriously decreases the transmittance of films and damages the interface. As a result, the maximum current efficiency of 1.43 cd.A-1 at 30 mA.cm-2 can be achieved for tandem OLEDs with optimal thickness of Al. These results clearly demonstrate that Cs2CO3/Al is an effective buffer for C60/pentacene-based tandem OLEDs.     

Efficient charge generation layer for tandem OLEDs: Bi-layered MoO3/ZnO-based oxide semiconductor

A novel oxide charge generation layer (CGL) with optical and electrical advantages for tandem organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) is proposed. The CGL comprises amorphous Zn-Si-O (a-ZSO) and MoO_3-x. Although a-ZSO has a very small work function of 3.4 eV, it forms Ohmic contact with MoO_3-x with a high work function of 6.6 eV. It is discovered that the interface state appears between a-ZSO and MoO_3-x, which contributes to the formation of quasi-Ohmic contact between the two oxides with dramatically different work functions. High performance of electron and hole injection/transport is achieved in tandem OLEDs with a very small voltage drop of 0.4 V at 100 mA/cm² with a twofold increase in current efficiency. This new CGL provides distinct advantages over conventional organic CGL materials with respect to processing simplicity, cost, and chemical stability.     

DPVBi高效、高亮度非掺杂蓝色有机电致发光器件

以典型蓝色发光材料—联苯乙烯衍生物(4,4′-bis(2,2′-diphenylvinyl)-1,1′-biphenyl,DPVBi)为发光层,采用MoO3为阳极缓冲层制备了结构简单的非掺杂型蓝色有机电致发光器件,得到了低压启动,效率、亮度和色度俱佳的蓝色发光器件。器件启亮电压为3.4V,最高外量子效率为3.2%,最高亮度达到15 840cd/m2,器件色坐标为(0.15,0.15)。高性能器件的获得归因于MoO3缓冲层的插入在阳极/有机层间形成了良好的欧姆接触。     

多层氧化物复合阴极透明OLED器件

制备了一种采用多层氧化物复合阴极的透明OLED,器件结构为:ITO/MoO3(10nm)/NPB(60nm)/Alq3(65nm)/Al(1nm)/MoO3(1nm)/Al(Xnm)/MoO3(30nm)。所采用的复合阴极结构为MoO3/Al/MoO3(MAM),同时在复合阴极(MAM)与电子传输层(Alq3)中间插入一层厚度为1nm的Al中间层,该薄Al层一方面提高了电极与有机层间界面的平整度,同时增强了电极的导电性;另一方面,在电子传输层与中间层Al薄膜之间形成了良好的欧姆接触,提高了电子的注入能力。改变MAM结构中Al的厚度,获得该透明OLEDs的最佳性能,在Al的厚度为18nm时器件亮度最高,为2 297cd/cm2。     

正置倒置异质结有机小分子太阳能电池

以MoO3为阳极修饰层,以Rubrene/C60为活性层,制备了正置和倒置异质结有机小分子太阳能电池。实验结果表明倒置器件的开路电压Voc、短路电流密度Jsc、填充因子FF和功率转换效率η比正置结构的器件分别提高了34%、20%、25%和102%。当插入BCP阴极缓冲层后,阻挡了热的Al原子对C60层的破坏,对倒置器件的性能没有明显的影响,但却显著改善了正置器件的性能,并分析了MoO3和BCP对倒置和正置器件的作用。     

MoO3作空穴注入层的绿光有机电致发光器件制备及其性能研究

用真空热蒸镀的方法制备了绿光有机电致发光器件,并对其工艺流程进行了详细的描述。器件结构为ITO/MoO3(xnm)/N,N′-diphenyl-N,N′-bis(1-naphthyl)-(1,18-biphenyl)-4,4-diamine(NPB)(40nm)/tris(8-hydroxyquinoline)aluminum(Alq3)(60nm)/LiF(1nm)/Al(150nm),其中x=0,5nm。实验中,对ITO基片进行氧等离子体表面处理,能够有效减小ITO表面的接触角。通过对器件的光电性能测试,研究了MoO3作空穴注入层对有机电致发光器件性能的影响。实验结果表明,空穴注入层MoO3的最高占据分子轨道(HOMO)能级较好的与ITO功函数匹配,降低了空穴注入势垒,提高了器件的发光亮度和效率。当外加电压小于10V时,器件的电流密度随外加电压的增加而增加,但变化不明显;当外加电压大于10V时,器件的电流密度明显增强,发光色度几乎不随驱动电压的改变而改变,色坐标稳定在(0.36,0.55)附近。