一种基于流体动力学模拟的水墨渲染方法

基于流体动力学模拟技术提出了一种新的水墨效果渲染方法,利用高级着色器语言（HLSL）通过图形处理单元（GPU）就纹理的顶点与像素进行处理。通过交互,计算出逐像素的外力及其所引起的加速度,将其作用于待处理纹理中,从而实现对该纹理实时水墨效果的渲染。实验结果表明,该方法具有较好的水墨动态特性的仿真效果,可以对渲染过程进行控制和干预,并能够实时显示。     

一种基于GPU的大规模水面实时模拟方法

大规模水面的实时模拟一直是虚拟现实技术中的一个研究热点。在各种虚拟场景中,绚丽逼真的实时的水面效果可以大大增强场景的真实感和沉浸感。采用高度图和增加随机扰动的方法实现动态水面的建模,为了增加水面效果的逼真度,结合使用了纹理映射、色彩融合以及动态纹理技术,实现了具有波纹、反射、折射和水面流动等水面效果。为了加快渲染速度,利用可编程图形硬件的强大计算能力,将顶点法向量计算,水面发射折射等需要大量计算的步骤,通过GPU编程的方式实现。较传统的基于CPU的水面模拟,本文试验结果不仅真实感比较强,渲染速度更是有了很大的提高,说明本文算法的可行性和在渲染速度上的优越性。     

基于大气散射模型的航空场景实时渲染算法

针对航空仿真系统视景渲染真实性和实时性的问题,提出一种基于大气散射物理模型的室外场景实时渲染方法.首先,根据瑞利散射和米氏散射构建基于地球椭球体的大气散射数学模型,通过预先渲染并将渲染结果保存至纹理以便实时绘制调用;其次,利用基于密度积分的方法进行雾霾效果的模拟,并利用柏林噪声实现雾霾的动态变化效果;最后使用高动态范围技术优化渲染图像.实验结果表明,上述算法适用于场景分辨率较高的航空场景仿真,能够提供帧率稳定、逼真的实时场景渲染画面.     

基于OpenGL与粒子系统实现三维喷泉模拟

喷泉、瀑布、火焰、水流、雨、雪等自然景物具有不规则性、动态性和随机性,模拟十分复杂。模拟自然景物的方法有两种:基于物理建模技术的方法与基于粒子系统建模的方法。运用粒子系统建模方法分析了喷泉水体模型,研究了喷泉水珠粒子产生、运动和消亡的机理,构建出三维喷泉粒子系统模型。采用了三维立体显示技术和纹理映射技术增强喷泉绘制过程中的渲染和真实感。基于OpenGL,采用Visual C++6.0编程实现了三维喷泉模拟。实验结果表明,该方法模拟效果真实,在普通的PC平台上即可满足一般动画的实时需求。     

应用于虚拟环境的动态实时特效研究

研究增强画面表现力时,虚拟环境可以为用户再现逼真的自然场景,而特殊效果可以增强用户身临其境的体验.根据实时渲染关键技术和视觉经验的影响对三种动态实时特效进行了研究与改进,为增加实效渲染效果太视觉效果的表现:参照自然雾的状态,对雾化因子进行改进,实现了非均匀介质的雾化效果,表现了的空气透视效果;使用基于纹理的方式仿真实时辉光,增强光线的真实感;分析了景深的原理,运用非线性焦距变化对视点进行调度,以此来引导用户视线,实现了空间的多层次性.     

基于重复纹理映射的动态云实时模拟研究

云是一种常见、普遍的自然现象,云的建模和渲染是计算机图形学领域的一个难点问题。利用重复纹理映射技术将多幅二维纹理图片加以组合,对三维动态云进行建模,通过瞬时对云进行平移、缩放等操作来模拟云的动态变化,进一步采用Alpha色彩融合技术模拟动态云的聚集、消散以及受到风力影响后云的形态变化等效果,通过采用多层重复纹理映射的叠加模拟层云,取得了很好的动态云模拟效果。所提出的动态云的建模方法简单,避免了大量繁琐的计算,提高了动态云的生成速度,满足了动画等应用场景中对动态云的实时性要求。实验结果验证了所提出的动态云建模方法和渲染生成方法的有效性。     

基于Irrlicht引擎的实时浅水效果模拟

本文在Irrlicht引擎的基础上结合GLSL语言,对浅水的水面波动、反射与折射特性及菲涅尔现象进行了实时模拟。将基于Gestner波的水面波动与基于纹理波的动态法线贴图相结合,真实地模拟了水面的波动与波纹效果。同时,采用渲染到纹理技术实时生成反射贴图,准确地模拟了水面的反射效果,解决了采用环境贴图渲染时的反射失真问题。在不考虑水深的情况下,本文将菲涅尔权值与材质的alpha通道相结合,去掉了实时渲染中折射贴图的生成,在满足实时浅水效果渲染的视觉需求条件下,减小了CPU与GPU的计算量。     

大规模虚拟场景中水体实时效果的实现

大规模虚拟场景中水体实时效果的实现可以极大的增强虚拟现实系统的沉浸感.通过运用Cg图形硬件开发语言及OpenGL,利用凸凹纹理技术、RTT技术模拟了实时的包括反射、折射及动态纹理效果的水面环境.该算法实现简单、绘制效率高,具有较高的真实感.可用于较大规模水面的实时效果模拟.     

飞行模拟器视景系统中水域的研究与实现

对飞行模拟器视景系统中真实水域的生成算法进行了研究.为兼顾水域的渲染逼真度与渲染效率,根据飞机离水面的高度采用两种不同的方法渲染水域:高度大于等于500米时,使用多张纹理连续贴图的方法渲染水域;高度小于500米时,创建水域网格,利用波动方程沿水域网格积分得到每个网格节点实时高度,模拟动态水域.利用凹凸纹理映射实现了水域网格顶点之间的光照细节,同时增加水域的环境映射,使水域效果更加逼真.     

基于libMini的动态地形实时渲染算法

为了减少地形动态变化时的地形计算时间,满足动态地形实时可视化的需要,在地形渲染库libMini的基础上,依据地形动态变化的局部性特点,以及库中LOD(Level ofDetail)算法的具体实现方式,运用局部更新的思想,提出了一种动态地形实时计算和渲染算法.算法避免了在地形动态变化时进行大量重复计算,使得在地形动态变化时所需的计算量大大减少,达到实时渲染要求.实验表明,算法使得局部地形动态变化时地形计算和渲染的时间从秒级降低到毫秒级,可以满足实时渲染要求.     

Real-time simulation of large-scale dynamic river water

The real-time modeling and rendering of large-scale dynamic river motion phenomenon is one of the most challenge problems in the research field of simulation, the river water is the most important component in the virtual flood routing process, the simulation should realistically represent its dynamic behavior. This paper embraces a number of techniques covering all the steps of water motion simulation and focuses on the dynamic river surface generation and animation, we describes a combination of modeling methods for flood routing process simulation: FFT-based (Fast Fourier Transform) large-scale water surface modeling and dynamic flood peak generation on water surface using a physically based approach. The real-time rendering techniques for the large-scale 3D scene rendering such as LOD and seamless tiling of LOD patches were discussed in detail, we have adapted them to the rendering of flowing river, new method called template culling for fast clipping were also developed. The methods allow the user to interactively fly over a virtual valley, and there are presented results of implementation of the 3D visualization for river flood routing simulation.     

一种基于GeoMipMaps的大规模地形实时可视化方法

针对海量地形数据无法一次性载入内存进行实时渲染的问题,本文提出一种高效的大规模地形场景实时可视化方法。该方法对GeoMipMaps算法进行了改进,利用地形数据分块技术和多线程技术来实现数据的动态调度。同时,利用LOD技术和视域剔除技术减少需要绘制的三角形数量;运用VBO技术将经常使用且不频繁变动的数据保存在显存中,避免大量数据在渲染时频繁地从内存传输到显存,从而达到实时渲染的效果。实验结果表明,该方法能有效地提高地形漫游的效率和可视化结果,实时地生成大规模地形。     

GPU-based rendering of point-sampled water surfaces

Particle-based simulations are widely used to simulate fluids. We present a real-time rendering method for the results of particle-based simulations of water. Traditional approaches to visualize the results of particle-based simulations construct water surfaces that are usually represented by polygons. To construct water surfaces from the results of particle-based simulations, a density function is assigned to each particle and a density field is computed by accumulating the values of the density functions of all particles. However, the computation of the density field is time consuming. To address this problem, we propose an efficient calculation of density field using a graphics processing unit (GPU). We present a rendering method for water surfaces sampled by points. The use of the GPU permits efficient simulation of optical effects, such as refraction, reflection, and caustics.     

Light Space Cascaded Shadow Maps Algorithm for Real Time Rendering

Owing to its generality and efficiency.Cascaded Shadow Maps(CSMs) has an important role in real-time shadow rendering in large scale and complex virtual environments.However,CSMs suffers from redundant rendering problem—objects are rendered undesirably to different shadow map textures when view direction and light direction are not perpendicular.In this paper,we present a light space cascaded shadow maps algorithm.The algorithm splits a scene into non-intersecting layers in light space,and generates one shadow map for each layer through irregular frustum clipping and scene organization,ensuring that any shadow sample point never appears in multiple shadow maps.A succinct shadow determination method is given to choose the optimal shadow map when rendering scenes.We also combine the algorithm with stable cascaded shadow maps and soft shadow algorithm to avoid shadow flicking and produce soft shadows.The results show that the algorithm effectively improves the efficiency and shadow quality of CSMs by avoiding redundant rendering. and can produce high-quality shadow rendering in large scale dynamic environments with real-time performance.     

基于多体动力学理论的赛车游戏引擎的设计与实现

运动车辆的实时建模、动力学行为仿真是赛车虚拟环境中的重要组成部分。论文设计并实现了一实时赛车游戏引擎,在引擎车辆建模中提出了一种基于多体动力学理论实时逼真的赛车建模方法,对赛车的真实受力状况进行简化,模拟车辆的各种动力学行为和车辆运动的真实感绘制。并实现了引擎中的碰撞检测技术、音效处理技术、虚拟环境的实时绘制技术。增强用户漫游虚拟环境的沉浸感。     

增强型IBFV 2维矢量场可视化算法

提出一种基于质点平流的增强型IBFV可视化算法,可显著增加IBFV算法生成图像的对比度。首先通过质点平流获得一系列的矢量纹理;然后将这些矢量纹理作为IBFV算法中的背景图像,代替原来的噪声纹理与帧缓存中的纹理进行图像混合生成新图。通过这种方式不仅可以准确反映流场的动态变化,而且增强了矢量线间的对比,同时还可以获得较高的绘制速度。     

Landscapes Synthesis Achieved through Erosion and Deposition Process Simulation

This paper describes an original approach to terrain evolution in landscapes synthesis. In order to create some realistic landforms, we simulate geologically contrasted terrains and apply to them deterministic erosion processes. This allows us to relate the erosion on any point of the landsurface to local geological parameters. Any height field may be chosen as an initial topographic surface. Small perturbations may be introduced to avoid unpleasant regularities. A 3D model defines the geological parameters of each point according to its elevation. Our method is iterative: at each step, rock removal and possible alluvial deposition are computed at each point of the landsurface. The available erosion laws simulate mechanical erosion, chemical dissolution and alluvial deposition. At the end of each iteration, a new landsurface and the corresponding river network are created. Landsurfaces can be visualized at the final stage by two rendering algorithms including natural textures mapping. The stream network and the ridges may also be visualized.     

High-Dynamic-Range Texture Compression for Rendering Systems of Different Capacities

In this paper, we propose a novel approach for high-dynamic-range (HDR) texture compression (TC) suitable for rendering systems of different capacities. Based on the previously proposed DHTC scheme, we first work out an improved joint-channel compression framework, which is robust and flexible enough to provide compressed HDR textures at different bit rates. Then, two compressed HDR texture formats based on the proposed framework are developed. The 8 bpp format is of near lossless visual quality, improving upon known state-of-the-art algorithms. And, to our knowledge, the 4 bpp format is the first workable 4 bpp solution with good quality. We also show that HDR textures in the proposed 4 bpp and 8 bpp formats can compose a layered architecture in the texture consumption pipeline, to significantly save the memory bandwidth and storage in real-time rendering. In addition, the 8 bpp format can also be used to handle traditional low dynamic range (LDR) RGBA textures. Our scheme exhibits a practical solution for compressing HDR textures at different rates and LDR textures with alpha maps.     

基于硬件的实时地平映射

地平映射是用于计算凹凸映射表面阴影的一项技术.在可编程图形硬件上运用并扩展地平映射技术,力求更准确地表达凹凸表面的层次细节.采取在表面切空间对光照向量进行插值的方法,在多遍渲染算法的基础上,使用三维体纹理代替二维地平贴图,一遍渲染即得到较好的实时自阴影效果.     

基于光流场动态参与介质绘制算法

为了解决动态参与介质场景连续帧的实时绘制问题,提出了一种基于光流场动态参与介质场景的绘制算法。首先,采用区域匹配的方法计算关键帧之间的光流场;然后,通过插值的方法计算中间帧之间的光流场,采用帧间光流连贯性函数表示帧与帧之间光流一致性的度量,保证帧与帧之间介质运动不会发生突变;最后,按照所产生的光流场,绘制连续动态变化的参与介质场景。在连续5帧动态参与介质场景绘制中,所提算法比基于径向基函数模型(RBF)参与介质的光子映射算法效率提高了近3倍,能够达到连续帧的实时绘制,且绘制质量比较高。