黄河河道整治原则

黄河河道整治应遵循的原则为：全面规划、团结治河，防洪为主，统筹兼顾，河槽滩地，综合治理，分析规律，确定流路，中水整治，考虑洪枯，依照实践，确定方案，以坝护弯，以弯导溜，因势利导，优先旱工 ，主动布点，积极完善，分清主次，先急后缓，因地制宜，就地取材，继承传统，开拓创新。     

水利歌

一 天常风雷雨，地水滚滚流。没有治理好的江河水，水它乱流。洪水来了像猛兽，淹的农业颗粒不收，淹的城镇塌了楼，百姓的生活呀，发呀发了愁。二 水利部门呀，专门抓水头，年年治理江河水，水有计划的流，田间渠道水常有，保证了农业大丰收，繁华了城镇，盖起了工厂楼，人民的生活呀，从此不用担忧。三 引嫩的工程，穿过了山山沟沟，将水引进了红旗泡，还有那黑山口（黑鱼泡），大大的水库把它贮留，保证了大庆水换油，年产５０００万吨油，保持了廿个年头，水利部门呀汗水没少流。 四 桃山水库呀，座落在勃山口，大坝横拦七台河，镶嵌在两山丘，抬高水位高山上走，发电送到采煤口，解决了七台河缺水贵如油，引来了外商企业把呀把资投。 五 省内的各大水库，美景看不够，蓝天白云红硕果大绿洲，鸟儿歌唱，花郁秀，高山平湖小船荡悠悠，美丽的古式宾馆，欧式的楼，游人看了手足舞蹈，喝起了美酒。水利歌@高春波!省水利第二工程处离休干部     

灌区节水措施简论

论述了灌区节水，一是要从农业措施入手，重点要抓好茬口的优化布局，大力推广旱育稀植技术，加强农事管理，减少无效渗漏，推行墒网灌溉，推广节水型的灌溉技术，适应湿润灌溉；二是要从管理措施入手，推广节水型的灌溉技术实行分期定位控灌，改革渠道工作制度，推行节水型的灌溉技术，实行错峰定茬，轮峰供水，定量配水，高水猛灌，优化调度水源，做到人机结合，合理配置、制定节水政策，配套测控装备，强化用水管理，促进灌区节水；三是要从工程措施入手，平整农田是基础，建筑物配套是关键，渠道防渗要因地制宜，量力而行，逐步实施等。     

水写的城市

有一句很美丽的话，说女人是水做的。每想起来，总是漾漾的，会有一种怦然心动的感觉。有一种很美丽的文字，常被形容成杏花春雨，行云流水。字里行间，能听到水一样潺缓的声音。入眼，入耳，更入心。有一种很美丽的村庄，绿树红花，土墙篱笆，杨柳人家，或有水井，或有小河，炊烟起处，鸡鸣狗吠，朦胧飘摇的晨雾里，     

旧建筑物加层改造的研究

对建筑物的加层改造，从墙体，楼板，屋面板，框架，钢筋混凝土构件，屋面保温层，屋面防水层等都大大减轻了结构自重。总之，尽一切可能，在能减轻结构自重的地方减轻结构的自重，以满足强度，保温隔热，隔音，防火，抗震等使用功能的要求达到建筑物加层改造的目的。     

调整开源思路解决沧州农村人口饮水困难

通过对沧州市农村人口饮水困难，水资源现状及开采状况的分析，提出了优先利用地上水，合理开发浅层水，井，坑，塘，河，渠，水库并用，节，打，蓄，经，增相结合的开源思路。     

2001—2005年多沙粗沙区治理与黄河水土保持生态工程建设

黄土高原特别是多沙粗沙区的水土流失非常严重，为了适应西部大开发，可持续发展和黄河治理开发的需要，选择重点项目，加大投资力度，开展水土保持，以带动区域和流域内的水土流失治理意义重大，未来五年，按照确定的水土保持生态环境建设发展思路，要突出多沙粗沙区，抓好重点支流示范项目，“两川两河，十大孔兑”生态建设项目以及沟道坝系工程，沙棘资源建设等，要采取切实措施，加强管理，严格执行《中华人民共和国水土保持法》，加强科研与推广，不断深化改革，使水土保持工作取得新的成绩，确保完成黄河流域水土流失综合治理 6．25万km2的建设任务，努力实现改善生态环境，发展区域经济促进脱贫致富，治理水土流失，减少入黄泥沙的目标。     

浅析人工骨料用水量对投标报价的影响

随着人工骨料在水电工程广泛的应用，作为承包商，为适应市场的要求，在充分发挥本企业的施工管理优势下，积极采用新技术，新工艺，充分分析，研究，论证施工组织设计的可行性，进一步优化施工措施，方案，使投标在良好的施工措施的前提下进行合理报价。只有加强经营管理，提高管理水平，降低生产成本，才今后的市场竞争中，使企业立足于不败之地。     

电力市场变化对水轮机安全稳定性的影响及其对策：兼谈加速开发变频励磁水？

电力市场供大于求，ＡＧＣ装置投运，高参数水轮机的应用均影响水轮机稳定运行，应从运行，设计，模型试验等采取对策，变不轮发电机组具有改善工况，提高效率，大幅度扩大电网连续稳定调节范围的特点，大大增强系统调峰，调频，快速控制电网潮流的能力，建议国家加快开发建设速度，以改善电网安全，稳定，经济运行状况。     

巴山夜雨涨秋池--李商隐与三峡

君问归期未有期，巴山夜雨涨秋池。 何当共剪西窗烛，却话巴山夜雨时。这是晚唐杰出诗人李商隐的名作，据专家考证，此诗作于渝州。此年他还有另一首寄内诗《摇落》，中有“滩激黄牛暮，云龙白帝阴”之句，可见诗人正在三峡间。入秋，渝州秋雨绵绵，日晴夜雨，淅淅沥沥，正是撩人愁思之季，举凡游子迁客，在这种阴柔悱恻的季节，在秋雨的寥落中，孤灯如豆，孤枕听雨，必定会泛起止不住的乡思闲愁，那真是才下眉头又上心头!李商隐，字义山，号玉溪生，河南人，唐文宗开成二年进士。他少年得志，关心社会政治，想济世匡时，有“欲回天地”之雄…     

Evaluation,prediction, and protection of water quality in Danjiangkou Reservoir,China

The water quality in the Danjiangkou Reservoir has attracted considerable attention from the Chinese public and government since the announcement of the Middle Route of the South to North Water Diversion Project(SNWDP), which commenced transferring water in 2014.Integrated research on the evaluation, prediction, and protection of water quality in the Danjiangkou Reservoir was carried out in this study in order to improve environmental management. Based on 120 water samples, wherein 17 water quality indices were measured at 20 monitoring sites, a single factor evaluation method was used to evaluate the current status of water quality. The results show that the main indices influencing the water quality in the Danjiangkou Reservoir are total phosphorus(TP), permanganate index(COD Mn), dissolved oxygen(DO), and five-day biochemical oxygen demand(BOD5), and the concentrations of TP, BOD5, ammonia nitrogen(NH3e N), COD Mn, DO, and anionic surfactant(Surfa) do not reach the specified standard levels in the tributaries. Seasonal Mann e Kendall tests indicated that the COD Mn concentration shows a highly significant increasing trend, and the TP concentration shows a significant increasing trend in the Danjiangkou Reservoir. The distribution of the main water quality indices in the Danjiangkou Reservoir was predicted using a two-dimensional water quality numerical model,and showed that the sphere of influence from the tributaries can spread across half of the Han Reservoir if the pollutants are not controlled.Cluster analysis(CA) results suggest that the Shending River is heavily polluted, that the Jianghe, Sihe, and Jianhe rivers are moderately polluted, and that they should be the focus of environmental remediation.     

Modeling the Effects of Conservation,Demographics, Price,and Climate on Urban Water Demand in Los Angeles,California

With a service area population exceeding four million people and with close to 90 % of the water supply being imported from sources outside the city, the Los Angeles water system is subject to multiple stressors, including climate change and population growth. The influence of various factors on water demand in Los Angeles was evaluated through development and application of multiple linear regression models for residential, commercial, industrial, and governmental water demand categories from 1970 to 2014 in the service area of the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power. Performance of the models in describing historical water demand was compared using the coefficient of determination, mean average percent error, and normalized root mean square error. Overall, the results of the linear regression models demonstrated that each water demand category is affected by different parameters. However, price and population were found to have the most significant impact on all categories. The seasonality of residential water demand was well described with the model based on monthly data, with precipitation and temperature being highly significant factors. Fitting of the residential data furthermore revealed that price and conservation have significantly counteracted the impact of population growth on water demand.     

水权制度建设的地位、作用、内涵及思路

全面推进水权制度建设是解决我国水资源问题的重要制度措施,是实现水资源可持续开发利用的重要保障,在未来我国水资源管理中具有重要的地位和作用.我国的水权制度建设内涵主要由水资源所有权制度、水资源使用权制度、水权转让制度等三部分内容组成.水权制度建设需要在落实科学发展观的要求下,积极加强理论研究和创新,规范试点建设和实践.     

水资源管理产生、范畴与变革

以自然界水文循环为基础,以水与人类社会的关系为主线,系统分析了水资源及水资源管理的内涵,揭示了水资源管理产生与发展历程,对我国目前存在的水资源管理深层次问题进行了分析与思考,在此基础上构建了相对完整的水资源管理模型。针对目前面临的水资源短缺状况,分析了水资源管理的模式与内容及其发展趋势。     

地理信息系统技术在水资源开发利用和保护领域中的应用

地理信息系统是一项正在蓬勃发展并在许多领域得到广泛应用的新技术，在水资源开发利用领域它可在水资源利用规划、工程选址及渠线走向选择及其挖填土石方计算，工程施工及大坝截流适时处理，水库淹没范围及损失，移民安置等方面为决策者和技术人员提供方便、快捷的信息处理工具。在水资源保护领域它将在水质监测，城市污染处理规划，污染事故应急处理，流域（区域）水资源保护规划与评价，水环境保护管理与决策方面得到广泛应用。介绍了两个应用实例，阐述了这方面的应用现状和面临的主要问题。     

Consumer Perception and Behavior Toward Water Supply,Demand, Water Tariff,Water Quality,and Willingness-To-Pay: A Cross Sectional Study

Urban water management is a critical subject for many developing countries; in Pakistan, urban water management faces challenges from weak regulatory frameworks, financial constraints, service interruptions, ailing infrastructure, rising population and climate change. Under the National Water Policy 2018, focus on urban water management envisions the incorporation of water metering and pricing as a measure to enhance water conservation and build climate resiliency measures. Investigation of the historical context for the capital, Islamabad, revealed failed prior attempts to integrate water metering and pricing. A mixed methods survey, found high dissatisfaction among the residential and commercial sectors for the municipal water service provided by the municipal authorities, with major complaints relating to service interruptions and claims of inequitable water provision. Spending on bottled water, tankers and private groundwater extraction indicated significantly higher willingness-to-pay for the provision of potable tap water; however, the concerns of residential and commercial sector remained lack of trust in municipal water suppliers. Those surveyed from the residential sector noted that the current water rate of PKR 400 was acceptable, despite over 50% of those surveyed spending more than PKR 500 on bottled water and tankers per month. Water conservation strategies remain little explored in terms of enforcement in the city, largely due to lack of market products and awareness among the population. Recommendations for improving water metering and pricing potential and resolving urban water management issues in Pakistan are presented.

     

The application of economic-engineering optimisation for water management in Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico.

Mathematical optimisation is used to integrate and economically evaluate wastewater reuse, desalination and other water management options for water supply in Ensenada, Baja California Mexico with future levels of population and water demand. The optimisation model (CALVIN) is used to explore and integrate water management alternatives such as water markets, reuse and seawater desalination, within physical capacity constraints and the region's water availability, minimising the sum of economic costs of water scarcity and operating costs within a region. The modelling approach integrates economic inputs from agricultural and urban water demand models with infrastructure and hydrological information, to identify an economically optimal water allocation between water users in Ensenada. Estimates of agricultural and urban economic water demands for year 2020 were used. The optimisation results indicate that wastewater reclamation and reuse for the city of Ensenada is the most economically promising alternative option to meet future water needs and make water imports less attractive. Seawater desalination and other options are not economically viable alone, but may have some utility if combined with other options for the Ensenada region.     

Residential Water Use: Efficiency, Affordability, and Price Elasticity

In practice, water pricing is the main economic instrument used to discourage the wasteful use of residential water. Owing to considerations of affordability, residential water is systematically underpriced because water is essential for life. Such a low price results in water being used inefficiently. This paper proposes a system that supplements the existing price system with a cap-and-trade measure to reconcile conflicts among the goals of residential water use. It forces all people (independent of income) to be faced with reasonable price signals and to use water efficiently. The poor could, however, gain from trade and afford water. By taking advantage of the agent-based model, a simulation of this system applied to Taipei, Taiwan shows that those with lower income per capita are better off under this system even though the equilibrium price of residential water is higher. The simulated average price elasticity of market demand is ?0.449.     

水资源合理配置与水权、水价、水市场的关系

实施南水北调东线工程,是促进东部地区经济社会可持续发展的必然选择。南水北调东线工程江苏段调水的目的是在江水北调的基础上,进一步优化配置用水,实现江、淮、沂沭泗水源互济互调,在苏北地区形成一个跨流域的水资源调配网络图。在调用水的同时,处理好水资源与水权、水价、水市场3者之间的关系,即相互协调、相互促进。     

Improvement of urban water environment of Kaohsiung City, Taiwan, by ecotechnology

Kaohsiung City is the second largest city in Taiwan and suffers from serious floods during the wet season, but it also badly needs water during the dry season. As economic development advances and pollutants increase, water pollution and shortage of water resources become issues of concern for local people in Kaohsiung. A project has been proposed by the city government and executed by the authors to establish a system of sustainable water management in urban areas. In this system, the Caogong Canals, irrigation channels which were established 170 years ago during the Ching Dynasty of China and are still used today for irrigation, were renovated to bring stable and clean water to the urban areas. It is planned to pump clean water into the canal from a river near the city. In this project, 12 constructed wetland systems, functioning as wetland parks, stormwater storage tanks or eco-detention ponds, were built in the city, and the Caogong Canals are planned to connect all these urban constructed wetlands in the second stage of the project.