对苯醌二肟

<正> 对苯醌二肟为淡黄色结晶,在240℃时分解,不溶于冷水,微溶于热水,溶于乙醇、乙醚、乙酸乙酯。以往它是测定镍的良好试剂。近年来上试三厂生产的对苯醌二肟已逐渐用作为有机单体的稳定剂及橡胶的硫化剂。举例如下:1.用作有机单体的稳定剂:添加由0.05～2:1的对苯醌二肟和多元酚(例如对苯二酚)组成的聚合抑制剂到有机单体时,能使该有机单体在高温时稳定。     

PVC热稳定剂及国内发展现状

较详细地阐述了铅盐稳定剂、有机锡稳定剂、稀土稳定剂、有机锑稳定剂、复合稳定剂、水滑石和有机辅助热稳定剂的性能、特点，介绍了我国主要热稳定剂的市场现状以及我国PVC热稳定剂的发展趋势。     

稀土热稳定剂特点

与目前使用的热稳定剂一样，成份单一的稳定剂是很难满足PVC加工和使用的需要的，稀土稳定剂一般与其他稳定剂进行复合，根据不同PVC制品、不同加工设备的加工需要、稀土稳定剂合成技术、产品中阴阳离子种类、配比选择等条件不同，得到不同的稀土复合热稳定剂。     

PVC无毒热稳定剂的研究和发展

概述了聚氯乙烯的热降解与稳定化机理，重点介绍了稀土稳定剂、有机锑稳定剂、钙／锌稳定剂、水滑石稳定剂等热稳定剂的研究发展情况。随着人们的环境意识增强，相关的法律法规的执行．PVC热稳定剂向着无毒、环保方向发展。     

UPVC门窗型材用复合稳定剂的对比研究

选择未增塑聚氯乙烯（UPVC）门窗型材市场上常用的铅盐复合稳定剂、稀土复合稳定剂和新近推出的钙锌复合稳定剂，在配方相同或相近的条件下，采用刚果红试验、吉尔加速热老化试验、转矩流变试验、耐候性试验比较加入不同复合稳定剂的未增塑聚氯乙烯材料的热稳定性、流变性和耐候性，反推其对应复合稳定剂的热稳定剂、内外润滑匹配和光稳定剂的差异。结果显示：传统的铅盐类复合稳定剂在UPVC材料的热稳定性上占优势，新推出的钙锌类复合稳定剂在UPVC材料的耐候性上占优势，而不同复合稳定剂的内外润滑匹配的差异性导致UPVC材料的流变行为不一致。     

国内均三甲苯市场供不应求

均三甲苯为无色透明液体,熔点αβ型44.7℃,β型51℃。沸点164.7℃,闪点44℃,自燃点550℃,不溶于水,溶于乙醇、苯、乙醚、丙酮。利用均三甲苯可以开发出三甲苯、均苯三酸、均苯四酸酐等多种染料中间体及多种化工产品,同时可生产抗氧剂、环氧树脂固化剂、聚酯树脂固化剂、稳定剂、醇酸树脂增塑剂,制     

PVC新型热稳定剂的研究现状

随着环保意识的逐渐加强，传统的PVC热稳定剂如铅盐类稳定剂已受到了一定的限制，相应地开发出了一系列新型的PVC热稳定剂，包括稀土类、有机锑类(Ca／Zn)复合类和水滑石类热稳定剂。这些热稳定剂大多无毒，热稳定效果良好，价格适中，越来越受到人们的重视，将逐渐代替传统的热稳定剂，成为PVC热稳定剂中的重要组成部分。     

PVC新型无毒热稳定剂研究进展

概述了聚氯乙烯的热降解与稳定化机理，着重介绍了稀土稳定剂、有机锑稳定剂、钙／锌稳定剂、水滑石稳定剂等热稳定剂的特点、作用机理及其发展趋势。     

无铅、无镉纳米PVC复合稳定剂在UL105度电缆料中的应用

概述了PVC电缆料在电线电缆行业的应用，研究了无铅、无镉纳米PVC复合稳定剂热稳定性能及其在105度电缆料的应用，并与铅盐稳定剂及同类型无毒稳定剂进行对比，说明无铅无镉纳米PVC复合稳定剂完全可以替代铅盐稳定剂。     

稀土稳定剂在UPVC异型材中的应用

分析研究了稀土稳定剂在UPVC异型材生产中的应用。采用3种稳定体系(铅盐单体、复合铅盐稳定剂、稀土稳定剂)所作的对比实验结果表明，在UPVC异型材中使用稀土稳定剂，其产品性能明显优于铅盐稳定剂。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。