The effectiveness of intravenous administration of large quantities of glucose in the treatment of bovine ketosis

Glucose in a 40% (w/v) solution (200 g, 400 g or 600 g) was infused intravenously in clinically healthy cattle. On urinalysis, 13%, 19% and 26% respectively of the infused glucose was excreted. In cattle with elevated urinary ketone bodies, only the infusion of 400 or 600 g glucose led to a significant rise in the serum glucose concentration compared to initial values. Only the infusion of 600 g of glucose was followed by a significant decrease in serum beta-hydroxybutyrate 24 hours later compared to initial values. The present results indicate a possibility of improving the results of treatment of ketosis by infusion of high amounts of glucose.     

Influence of mode of delivery on twin births

One of the most deleterious side effects of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) is gastric injury. In order to prevent this, attempt has been made to make novel nitric oxide (NO) releasing NSAIDs. The NO-releasing moiety (nitroxybutylester), which is combined with NSAIDs, has been shown to be responsible for gastrointestinal protection. Various NO-releasing NSAIDs have been compared with their parent compounds and marked decrease in gastrointestinal side effects were observed in the former case. Various animal studies have been done in this context. However, exact mechanism of action of NO-releasing NSAIDs is not clear.     

Alcoholic subtypes and treatment effectiveness.

With 102 male alcoholic inpatients, the present study achieved a replication of 5 alcoholic subtypes originally identified by V. J. Nerviano (see record 1976-10030-001) using the 16 PF and the Personality Research Form. The replication involved both factor analysis and cluster analysis; the 5 replicated subtypes were aggressive, obsessive–compulsive, impulsive, schizoid, and passive–dependent. Present findings suggest the consideration of a 6th subtype, obsessive–dependent, a mixed category, and a category of no-types. The relationship between the subtypes and treatment outcome was investigated. Principal findings of this phase of the study suggest a relationship between adjustment, as represented by the subtypes, and alcohol treatment success. The least adjusted of the groups, the schizoid type, recorded the least improvement in terms of alcohol consumption over a 6-mo follow-up period, whereas the best adjusted group, the no-types, registered significantly greater improvement than other Ss. (21 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Influence of fludarabine on pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of cytarabine: implications for a continuous infusion schedule

The selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, paroxetine, has been reported to inhibit cytochrome P450 activity. Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) is structurally homologous to cytochrome P450. Accordingly, in our study, we observed the effects of paroxetine on NOS activity. Seventeen ischemic heart disease (IHD) patients received paroxetine and fourteen received nortriptyline for treatment of clinical depression defined by a score of 17 or higher on the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D). Serum nitrite and nitrate levels were significantly decreased following paroxetine treatment but not nortriptyline treatment. Paroxetine was also a more potent inhibitor of NOS enzyme activity than nortriptyline, as measured by the conversion of [14C] arginine to [14C] citrulline by hamster brain cytosols. In addition, paroxetine reversed the force-frequency relationship in isolated hamster papillary muscles in a manner analogous to that of known NOS inhibitors. Thus, paroxetine appears to be a novel NOS inhibitor in vitro and in vivo.     

坯型选择及压下制度对高强钢冲击性能的影响

总结了特厚规格高强钢在生产过程中的主要性能问题,分析了生产过程中导致性能不合格的主要因素。为解决厚规格高强钢冲击不合格的问题,选用不同坯型进行轧制试验,讨论了坯型选择及压下制度对高强度钢板低温冲击韧性的影响。结果表明,采用不同断面生产时,宽断面钢坯轧制钢板低温韧性优于窄断面钢坯;在相同生产工艺条件下可以通过调整坯型,增加纵轧道次压下率,提高钢板低温冲击韧性。     

Influence of mode and carbohydrate on the cytokine response to heavy exertion

1. This experiment was carried out to evaluate the productive and physiological consequences of a slight but long term food restriction of male broiler chickens from 2 commercial strains. 2. Cobb-500 and Ross chickens were submitted to a 20% food restriction from 8 to 21 d of age. Strain, food programme and their interactive effects were analysed in terms of consequences upon performance, mortality, incidence of sudden death syndrome (SDS) and ascites syndrome (AS), index of right cardiac hypertrophy and plasma concentrations of hormones related to metabolism and growth (T3, T4, T3:T4 ratio, IGF-I and GH). 3. Although some catch-up growth was observed by refeeding previously restricted birds after 22 d of rearing, food restriction decreased (P < or = 0.05) body weight at market age (42 d) irrespective of the strain, but improved (P < or = 0.05) food conversion. 4. The incidence of mortality was not high in non-restricted birds but SDS and AS caused more than 50% of deaths. Hypertrophic cardiac index was observed in chickens of both strains after 4 weeks of age and was higher in ad libitum fed birds. 5. During the period of food restriction, plasma T3 and IGF-I concentrations decreased whereas plasma T4 and GH concentrations increased compared to those of the age-matched ad libitum fed counterparts. During the subsequent ad libitum feeding period, few differences in circulating hormone concentrations were observed, except for the higher mean GH litres in previously food-restricted chickens at 35 d of age. 6. These results indicate that even a non-severe food restriction negatively affects body weight of 42-d-old male broilers but these are benefits with improved food efficiency and diminished mortality from metabolic disturbances. The hormone results suggest that the degree of food restriction applied was not severe because there was a very fast adaptive response with small and transient alterations in T3, T4 and GH plasma concentrations during the period of compensatory growth.     

Influence of timing of morphine administration on postoperative pain and analgesic consumption

Flow cytometry was used to demonstrate that cultured human melanoma BRO cells expressed membrane-bound tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and were able to release TNF-alpha upon treatment with glucosaminylmuramyl dipeptide (GMDP). The released TNF-alpha was shown to prime melanoma cells, previously unable to respond to GMDP by increasing expression of melanoma-associated antigens, making them sensitive to GMDP treatment.     

Doxorubicin cardiotoxicity in children: comparison of a consecutive divided daily dose administration schedule with single dose (rapid) infusion administration

Kyphoscoliosis surgery is frequently associated with major blood loss and coagulation disorders. A patient with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, heart valve prosthesis and respiratory restrictive syndrome, was submitted to surgical correction of kyphoscoliosis. Current drug therapy included digitalis, oral anticoagulant and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. After careful preoperative evaluation, oral anticoagulant and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs were discontinued (five and ten days before surgery, respectively), and intravenous heparin was introduced and maintained until two h before surgery. Bacterial endocarditis prophylaxis was obtained with ampicillin (50 mg.kg-1) and gentamicin (1.5 mg.kg-1). Anaesthetic management followed a general, balanced technique and the use of invasive monitoring devices. Clotting times were kept within the normal range--prothrombin time between 13 s and 14 s; partial thromboplastin time between 28 s and 30 s. Surgery was straightforward. The patient remained ventilated for 24 h and intravenous morphine (6 micrograms.kg-1.h-1) was used for nurse controlled analgesia. Afterwards, this was changed for patient controlled analgesia. Intravenous heparin was restarted 12 h after surgery and there were no complications postoperatively. Keeping the patient without anticoagulant therapy during this kind of surgery, was the less harmful option, taking into consideration that haemorrhage is inevitable and thromboembolism is a potential, though serious risk.     

A case report on surgery for chylothorax after anterior spinal fusion: usefulness and effectiveness of intraoperative milk administration and postoperative OK-432 administration]

After having reported preliminary results of soft system stabilization according to Graf in a series of 27 patients with degenerative disc disease of the lumbar spine in early 1995 the authors report long term clinical and radiological results of this patient series (n = 25). At a mean period of postoperative observation of 50 months excellent, good, satisfactory, moderate and poor results were obtained in 62, 9%, 11, 1% and 11, 1%, 7, 4% and 7, 4% of the patients, respectively. The well-known phenomenon of loss of disc height at the level of posterolateral fusion and instrumentation as well as overcharge of adjacent segments were not observed after soft system stabilization. Regional as well as global lumbar lordosis were maintained and, although statistically not significant, an increase of intervertebral distance was observed in adjacent segments in flexion of the lumbar spine. These phenomena might represent pressurization of instrumented as well as adjacent discs after the insertion of ligament prostheses. It is the impression of the authors, that the Graf technique leads to good surgical results in degenerative disc disease with destabilization of lumbar motion segment(s) if the following criteria are strictly respected: 1. No or only mild arthrotic changes of the facet joints 2. Preferably minor disc degeneration/only mild loss of intervertebral distance. 3. Well trained low back muscles and 4. A clear-cut, repeatedly demonstrated pain-relief on trial anaesthesia of the corresponding articular nerves and while wearing a probatory jacket.     

Influence of halo error on appraisal effectiveness: A conceptual and empirical reconsideration.

Examined gaps and weaknesses in the rater error–accuracy literature and drew conclusions about the usefulness of this line of inquiry, given the current nature of the measures and the state of theories. It is argued that in prior work in this area, particularly with respect to the question of halo error, the implication of alternative measures of halo or accuracy has not been considered in sufficient detail. It is also suggested that, conceptually, variance and correlational forms of halo and accuracy may yield identical, corresponding, or widely divergent results. Empirical evidence is used to illustrate how results that appear counterintuitive, as have been reported in other studies, can often be explained as a necessary outcome, given the construction of the halo and accuracy measures. 170 students rated 5 vignettes describing instructor classroom behavior. A direct test of the notion that halo can be controlled statistically is offered, and it is found that even when halo has been shown to have the expected effect on accuracy, statistically controlling for this influence does not improve rating validity. (20 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Methodological issues in treatment effectiveness and outcomes research

The authors define treatment effectiveness and outcomes research, then discuss three critical methodological issues that if not appropriately resolved, can invalidate the findings of such studies. The three issues are research design, comparability of treatment groups, and approaches to measurement. These issues must be considered when the quality and contribution of findings from treatment effectiveness and outcomes research are evaluated.     

Resistance to paclitaxel mediated by P-glycoprotein can be modulated by changes in the schedule of administration

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to examine the occurrence of ovarian endometriosis in epithelial ovarian cancer in Japan. METHOD: The presence of ovarian endometriosis was determined by reviewing the sections of resected specimens in 172 epithelial ovarian cancers. RESULTS: The incidence of ovarian endometriosis in ovarian cancer (14.5%) was higher than that in Western countries. The rank order of incidence of endometriosis in each histologic type was clear cell (40.6%)>endometrioid (23.1%)>serous (8.7%)>mucinous (2.9%). The incidence in serous type was higher when compared with that reported in Western countries. The higher incidence of endometriosis in Japan can be explained by a greater proportion of clear cell type, comprising 18.6% of all the cases and a higher incidence of endometriosis in the serous type. CONCLUSION: The association of ovarian endometriosis with epithelial ovarian cancer was more frequently found in Japan.     

Relationship between patient-therapist compatibility and treatment effectiveness.

Studied patient attraction to therapist, therapist attraction to patient, and patient change as a function of interpersonally oriented therapist-patient compatibility. Fundamental Interpersonal Relations Orientation scale scores were used to assign a high- and a low-compatibility psychiatric patient to each of 24 therapists. High-compatibility matched patients were found to have a significantly more favorable view of their therapists after both 3 and 11 wk. of interaction. However, therapists did not prefer relating to their high-compatibility over their low-compatibility match patients. There was no difference in the amount of behavioral change found in the high-compatibility, low-compatibility, and untreated-control groups. It is concluded that by use of such matching procedures a higher level of interpersonal attraction can be promoted between patients and their therapists, but the significance of therapist-patient attraction for treatment effectiveness remains to be demonstrated. (39 ref.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Influence of achievement need on goal setting, performance, and feedback effectiveness.

91 undergraduates set their own goal to be attained on a perceptual speed task lasting 15 min and received feedback after 7? min of work. Ss' achievement need, as assessed through the Manifest Needs Questionnaire, significantly correlated with the goals set and total number attempted. Partial correlation between achievement need and the total number attempted was nonsignificant when goal difficulty was held constant, suggesting that achievement need affected the total number attempted through its effect on goal difficulty. Only the Ss who were higher in achievement need performed better after than before feedback. The rationale for the moderating effect of achievement need on the feedback–performance relationship and its implication for previous goal-setting findings are discussed. (11 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The effects of chronic morphine administration upon a modified Sidman avoidance schedule that utilizes response-independent shock

Six male squirrel monkeys were subjected to a Sidman nondiscriminated avoidance schedule (R-S, S-S-20 sec) that superimposed 3-min conditioned stimuli (CS) unavoidable shock pairings upon the ongoing avoidance behavior. Five of the 6 animals demonstrated facilitated avoidance response rates during the CS, while one animal demonstrated suppressed rates during the CS. Morphine sulfate (0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0 mg/kg) altered these patterns, causing the suppressor to facilitate, while the facilitators demonstrated reduced levels of response elevation during the aversive CS. Morphine also led to a reliable reduction in overall response rate and an increase in the number of shocks received. No consistent drug effects were noted with regard to general motor activity. These results were interpreted to suggest that a potent analgesic agent, such as morphine, was able to reduce the level of fear motivation normally generated by the aversive CS. Since changes in relative rate during the aversive CS were quite reliable both within and between animals, it was suggested that this behavioral schedule might prove useful in assaying the fear-reducing qualities of a variety of drugs. A cautionary note, however, indicated that other explanations, most notably, a rate dependent hypothesis, could account for the data without assuming the level of fear was altered.     

The myth of evaluating treatment effectiveness.

Suggests an alternative to H. H. Strupp and S. W. Hadley's (see record 1977-29884-001) tripartite model for evaluating treatment outcome, in which primary prevention, self-regulation methods are used to evaluate individuals' ability to control emotions that interfere with everyday functioning. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)