Comprehensive Standardization Process and Methodology——Interpretation for GB/T 12366-2009 Guideline for the work of complex standardization

Comprehensive Standardization is not only an organized and planned standardization activity,but also a project to be facilitated step by step in compliance with required procedures.The national standard "GB/T 12366-2009 Guideline for the work of complex standardization" stipulates the terms,basic principles,working procedures and methods of comprehensive standardization,and focuses on the comprehensive requirements over the working procedures and methods.This article is dedicated to detailed interpretation of the processes and methods involved in the comprehensive standardization of this standard.     

综合标准化的过程和方法——《GB/T12366-2009综合标准化工作指南》标准解读(英文)

Comprehensive Standardization is not only an organized and planned standardization activity, but also a project to be facilitated step by step in compliance with required procedures. The national standard "GB/T12366-2009 Guidelinefor the work of complex standardization"stipulates the terms, basic principles,working procedures and methods of comprehensive standardization, and focuses on the comprehensive requirements over the working procedures and methods. This article is dedicated to     

GB/T 24549-2009《燃料电池电动汽车安全要求》标准解读(英文)

The national standard GB/T 24549—2009 Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle—Safety Requirements specifies the general safety requirements for whole vehicle and key parts of Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle (FCEV).It is of great significance for the development of FCEV in china.This paper discusses the main contents and the background of its development.     

The Brief Introduction on Some of the Newly Approved National Standards of Foods

GB 14963-2003 The Hygienic Standard for Honey This standard prescribes the specification, hygienic and examination standards of the honey and additives during the whole processing program.     

Brief Introduction to Some of the Newly Approved National Standards on Food

GB 2712-2003 The Hygienic Standard of Fermented Bean Products This standard stipulates the specification, food additives, hygienic requirements of production and processing, packaging, marking, storage and transportation requirements and inspection methods for fermented bean products. It applies to fermented bean products such as fermented bean curd, fermented     

Notice on the 3 National Compulsory Standards Stipulated by AQSIQ and SAC, including the General Technical Regulations for lnfant Blended Milk Powder and lnfant Complete Grain Flour

In order to meet the needs of the current milk powder market and to lead enterprises to abide by the 3 national compulsory standards, i.e., the Gen-eral Technical Regulations for Infant Blended Milk Powder and Infant Completed Grain Flour, GB10767-1997, the Infant Blended Milk Powder I (Blended Power I), GB10765-1997 and the Infant Blended Milk Powder II and III (Blended Power II and III), GB10766-1997, General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine …     

Press Conference for Issuing National Standard—Specification for translation service-Part 2:Interpretation

On Jan 5th, the press conference for issuing the national standard-Specification for Translation Service-Part 2: Interpretation was held in Shanghai, jointly hosted by China Association for Standardization (CAS), Translator Association of China (TAC), the Press Office of Shanghai People's Government and Translators Association of Shanghai. This standard is to ensure the good cooperation and exchanges between customers and staff in the process of translation service, to assure the interests of customers, and to regulate the translation service market.     

Brief Introduction to Some of the Newly Approved National Standards on Food

GB 2712-2003 The Hygienic Standard of Fermented Bean Products This standard stipulates the specification, food additives, hygienic requirements of production and processing, packaging, marking, storage and transportation requirements and inspection methods for fermented bean products. It applies to fermented bean products such as fermented bean curd, fermented soya beans and fermented beans made from soya beans and other beans.     

A New Contribution to the Theory of Anode Effect in Aluminium Electrolysis

This paper discusses the general characteristicsof anode effect in aluminium electrolysis and pre-vious theories about the mechanism of anode effect.On the basis of laboratory experiments,the authorsuggests a new contribution to the primary and di-rect reason for anode effect.     

First GB Standard on Protective Mask Released

正The Chinese first national standard,GB/T 32610-2016,Technical specification of daily protective mask,was released offi cially on April 25,2016 and will be implemented from November 1,2016.This is the first GB standard on protective mask for civil use in China,which includes two key indicators of wear safety and PM 2.5 protective performance.The PM 2.5 protective performance can be classified into four grades of A,B,C and D according to the air quality.Grade A is applicable when the concen-     

Notice on the 3 National Compulsory Standards Stipulated by AQSIQ and SAC,including the General Technical Regulations for Infant Blended Milk Powder and Infant Complete Grain Flour

In order to meet the needs of the current milk powder market and to lead enterprises to abide by the 3 national compulsory standards, i.e., the General Technical Regulations for Infant Blended Milk Powder and Infant Completed Grain Flour,GB10767-1997, the Infant Blended Milk Powder I(Blended Power Ⅰ), GB10765-1997 and the Infant Blended Milk Powder Ⅱ and Ⅲ (Blended Power Ⅱ and Ⅲ), GB10766-1997, General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of China (AQSIQ) and Standardization Administration of China (SAC) issued the following notice, explaining requirements in detail.     

国际一览（英文）

正ISO 45001 supports World Day for Safety and Health at Work This year,the World Day for Safety and Health at Work on April 28focuses on the safety and health of young workers.According to the International Labour Organization(ILO),globally,young workers(15-24years old)account for 15%of the world’s labour force and suffer up to     

Controlling the strength of Zr(10 1 2) grain boundary by nonmetallic impurities doping: A DFT study

Impurity segregation even small amounts,can drastically change the cohesive properties of the grain boundaries(GB),eventually leading to intergranular embrittlement and failure of the materials,thereby effectively controlling the types and the concentrations of the impurity is very important.In this work,the nonmetallic impurities(C,H,O,N) segregation and their effects on the strength of Zr(10 1 2) GB were thoroughly investigated using first-principles calculations based on density functional theory.A comprehensive analysis of the interstitial configurations and the relative site energies indicating that C,N and O overwhelmingly prefer the octahedral sites,only H,prefers to reside in the tetrahedral sites.Moreover,the strengthening/embrittlement potency of impurity atoms on the GB was estimated using both the Rice-Wang model and first-principles tensile test calculations.The results show that all impurities,exhibit a strong segregation tendency near the GB region.The segregation of C,N and O has a remarkable strengthening effect on strength of the GB,whereas the presence of impurity H weaken the GB.Most importantly,the underlying mechanism of the strength change of the GBs due to the segregation of impurities was profoundly discussed by charge density and the bond lengths analyses,revealing that the strengthening effect especially for C-doped GB,mainly comes from an enhancement of the charge density across the GB plane.In the end,we expect that our results will be certainly useful for future theoretical and experimental investigations on Zr and its alloys.     

A Standards System for the Proteetion and Utilization of Wild Fauna and Flora in China

This paper analyzed the current state of protection and utilization of wild fauna and flora and its standardization. The principles needed to establish a standardized system for the protection and utilization of wild fauna and flora were put forward. A comprehensive standards system consisting of the basic standards, technical regulations, and various other standards related to products, epidemic disease prevention and control, first-aid and propagation, viewing and hunting was proposed. Such a standards system will play an important role for wild fauna and flora protection and utilization in China.     

Materials evolution of bone plates for internal fixation of bone fractures:A review

Bone plates play a vital role in bone fracture healing by providing the necessary mechanical fixation for fracture fragments through modulating biomechanical microenvironment adjacent to the fracture site.Good treatment effect has been achieved for fixation of bone fracture with conventional bone plates,which are made of stainless steel or titanium alloy.However,several limitations still exist with traditional bone plates including loosening and stress shielding due to significant difference in modulus between metal material and bone tissue that impairs optimal fracture healing.Additionally,due to demographic changes and non-physiological loading,the population suffering from refractory fractures,such as osteoporosis fractures and comminuted fractures,is increasing,which imposes a big challenge to traditional bone plates developed for normal bone fracture repair.Therefore,optimal fracture treatment with adequate fixation implants in terms of materials and design relevant to special conditions is desirable.In this review,the complex physiological process of bone healing is introduced,followed by reviewing the development of implant design and biomaterials for bone plates.Finally,we discuss recent development of hybrid bone plates that contains bioactive elements or factors for fracture healing enhancement as a promising direction.This includes biodegradable Mg-based alloy used for designing bone screw-plates that has been proven to be beneficial for fracture healing,an innovative development that attracts more and more attention.This paper also indicates that the tantalum bone plates with porous structure are also emerging as a new fracture internal fixation implants.The reduction of the stress shielding is verified to be useful to accelerate bone fracture healing.Potential application of biodegradable metals may also avoid a second operation for implant removal.Further developments in biometals and their design for orthopedic bone plates are expected to improve the treatment of bone fracture,especially the refractory fractures.     

Challenges and Innovations in the Sutong Bridge Foundation Project

This article introduces three outstanding innovations, i.e. utilization of the steel casing for the piles to establish a construction platform for Sutong Bridge’s large and deeppile groups; 5000 ton steel cofferdam lowered as a whole and used as a protective structure against impact from ship collision; Permanent scour protection. This article also presents economical and reasonable design method for large bridge foundation and explains the significance of innovation and technical integration to large and complicated project construction based on the above theory.     

Thermal Shock Behaviour of Alumina—Iron Composites

Thermal shock behaviour was investigated for two morphologically different composites comprising an alumina matrix and 20 vol.pct Fe particles for a wide range of quenching temperature differences(ΔT=100-800℃)and compared to a monolithic alumina.The retained strength and critical quenching temperature difference,ΔTc,of the two composites were a significant improvement over the values for the respective monolithic alumina.Crack lengths and densities were shown to be greater for the alumina than for the two composites at all quenching temperature differences .The thermal shock resistance parameters for monolithic alumina and the two composites were calculated according to their mechanical and physical properties.The calculated results agree well with the experimental one and indicate possible explanations for the differences in thermal shock behaviour.     

Construction and Characterization of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

This work describes the development of solar cells manufactured with different natural dyes, with the purpose to determine their photoelectrochemical properties, employing for that virtual instrumentation. Data acquisitions and statistical process of the same, are realized through graphical programming software. The system has facilities for measurements, acquisitions and to see permanently in the computer display, information about the performance of the solar cells, as well as environmental parameters such as; temperature and the I-V characteristic curve of the solar cell. This monitoring system pretends to be part of a permanent station for monitoring variables of the manufactured solar cells.