一种全自动的MSTAR SAR目标图像分割方法

狄利克雷过程混合模型(Dirichlet Process Mixture,DPM)作为一种非参数概率统计模型,可以有效应用于SAR图像的非监督分类。文中提出一种全自动的MSTAR坦克SAR图像分割方法。该方法首先基于DPM确定出图像中的类别数目,接着使用马尔科夫随机场(Markov Random Field,MRF)对所得图像类别概率的空间邻域关系进行描述,然后结合标号代价能量优化算法获取最终的分割结果。该方法在不需要人为指定待分割图像类别个数的同时,能较好地保证分割结果的合理性与连贯性。在MSTAR SAR数据上的实验表明了其有效性。     

Filament Preserving Model (FPM) Segmentation Applied to SAR Sea-Ice Imagery

Modeling spatial context constraints using a Markov random field (MRF) has been widely used in the segmentation of noisy images. Its applicability to synthetic aperture radar (SAR) sea-ice segmentation has also been demonstrated recently. However, most existing MRF models are not capable of preserving filaments, specifically leads and ridges for SAR sea ice, which are valuable for ship navigation applications and necessary for identifying certain ice types. In this paper, a new statistical context model is proposed that, within the same scene, can simultaneously preserve narrow elongated features while producing similar smooth segmentation results comparable to typical MRF-based approaches. Tested on one synthetic image and two SAR sea-ice scenes, this filament preserving model substantially improves classification accuracies when compared to standard Gaussian mixture and MRF-based segmentation algorithms     

基于改进Markov随机场的高分辨率SAR图像建筑物分割算法

提出了一种基于改进Markov随机场模型的高分辨率SAR(Synthetic Aperture Radar,合成孔径雷达)图像建筑物分割算法.针对高分辨率SAR图像信噪比低和建筑物复杂纹理特性的特点,采用多尺度Markov随机场模型的最大似然准则方法获取图像的初始分割,并在传统Markov邻域能量模型基础之上提出一种新的基于Gabor纹理相似度的邻域势函数模型,采用ICM(Iterative Conditional Model,迭代条件模型)算法进行建筑物分割.多组实际高分辨率SAR图像的实验结果表明,与传统MRF算法等方法相比,本文方法具有更高的分割正确率,同时建筑物边界更为清晰平滑,分割效果较好.     

并行MCMC算法的SAR影像分割

MCMC(Markov Chain Monte Carlo, MCMC)方法采用顺序改变表征像素类属性的标号变量值会导致算法运算时间长、收敛速度慢等问题。为此,本文提出并行化改变像素标号值的MCMC方案,在贝叶斯推理框架下,依据高斯分布及MRF(Markov Random Field, MRF)模型建立SAR(Synthetic Aperture Radar, SAR)影像分割模型,设计实现基于多线程的并行采样方案;为了解决MRF标号场中邻域像素标号相关性问题,提出独立的像素并行采样的准则;同时,限制并行线程的数量,以保证采样的随机性。运用传统的串行算法和提出的并行算法对模拟和真实SAR影像进行影像分割实验;定性和定量的时间和精度评价结果表明:该方案在不影响分割精度的前提下大幅缩短影像分割时间,提高了效率。      

基于视觉感知和MARMA-MRF模型的SAR图像分割

模拟人类视觉感知机制,提出了一种基于多尺度 自回归滑动平均(MARMA,multiscale auto-regressive and moving average model)模型 和Markov随机场(MRF,markov random field)的合成孔径雷达(SAR)图像分割新方法。首先 ,分析人类视觉感知系统的工作机制 和特点,利用SAR的成像机理,构建了SAR图像的金字塔结构和MARMA模型, 以此模拟视觉过程中的空间尺度和朝向感知机制;然后,通过不同尺度上的MRF模型和改 进的模拟退火(SA)算法实现更有效的多尺度分割策略。实验结果表明,本文提出的方法在SA R图像分割任务中有非常良好的表现。     

Multisource classification of remotely sensed data: fusion ofLandsat TM and SAR images

Proposes a new method for statistical classification of multisource data. The method is suited for land-use classification based on the fusion of remotely sensed images of the same scene captured at different dates from multiple sources. It incorporates a priori information about the likelihood of changes between the acquisition of the different images to be fused. A framework for the fusion of remotely sensed data based on a Bayesian formulation is presented. First, a simple fusion model is given, and then the basic model is extended to take into account the temporal attribute if the different data sources are acquired at different dates. The performance of the model is evaluated by fusing Landsat TM images and ERS-1-SAR images for land-use classification. The fusion model gives significant improvements in the classification error rates compared to the conventional single-source classifiers     

基于局部竞争策略的极化SAR图像精细分类

合成孔径雷达（Synthetic Aperture Radar, SAR）成像技术已经成为一种高分辨对地观测的重要手段之一,而极化SAR图像地物分类一直是其中的研究热点。基于复Wishart分布的最大似然（Maximum Likelihood,ML）分类器是最经典的极化SAR图像分类算法之一,但由于地物类型的复杂性、区域的不均匀性等原因使得基于像素的ML-Wishart分类器的分类精度不高。针对这个问题,本文提出了一种基于复Wishart分布的局部最大后验概率（Maximum a Posteriori,MAP）竞争方法,该算法通过计算伪先验概率,并在每个像素的局部窗口中实施MAP分类器,可以提高复杂区域图像的分类精度。该文主要研究了4种基于Wishart分布的分类算法,包括经典复Wishart分类算法、混合复Wishart模型、基于马尔科夫随机场（Markov Random Field, MRF）的混合复Wishart模型和基于局部竞争策略的MAP分类算法。在混合模型建模中,不同于以往的对整幅图像进行建模的模型策略,本文采用对单个类别进行混合建模的策略。实验对比分析了上述4个分类器和SVM分类器在C波段RADARSAT-2多时相的全极化SAR农田数据上的分类效果。实验结果表明,所提出的基于局部竞争策略的分类器对数据的分类结果稳定,具有最高的分类精度,基于混合Wishart的MRF模型分类结果次之。     

多尺度马尔科夫随机场在基于高分辨率合成孔径雷达影像的城市地物分类中的应用

本文通过基于多尺度马尔科夫随机场模型的最大似然算法及基于传统马尔科夫随机场势函数的像素间Gabor相似方法,使用迭代条件模型对影像进行分割,使用K均值分类算法对分割后的影像进行分类,选择北京市通州区作为研究区,使用上述方法对多幅该区域的高分辨率合成孔径雷达影像进行了分类,新方法可以实现优于传统算法的分割精度,能够清晰区分建筑物之间的边界。     

Initialization of Markov random field clustering of large remote sensing images

Markov random field (MRF) clustering, utilizing both spectral and spatial interpixel dependency information, often improves classification accuracy for remote sensing images, such as multichannel polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images. However, it is heavily sensitive to initial conditions such as the choice of the number of clusters and their parameters. In this paper, an initialization scheme for MRF clustering approaches is suggested for remote sensing images. The proposed method derives suitable initial cluster parameters from a set of homogeneous regions, and estimates the number of clusters using the pseudolikelihood information criterion (PLIC). The method works best for an image consisting of many large homogeneous regions, such as agricultural crops areas. It is illustrated using a well-known polarimetric SAR image of Flevoland in the Netherlands. The experiment shows a superior performance compared to several other methods, such as fuzzy C-means and iterated conditional modes (ICM) clustering.     

基于小波变换和马尔可夫随机场的极化SAR图像自动分类

本文提出一种对极化合成孔径雷达(SAR)图像进行自动多分辨率分类的方法。首先利用多视极化白化滤波(MPWF)抑制极化SAR图像的相干斑,得到反映地物辐射特征的纹理SAR图像,然后利用小波变换(WT)提取不同分辨率的纹理信息,在最低分辨率级利用Akaik信息准则(AIC)自动估计图像中的纹理类数,进而在各个分辨率级利用马尔可夫随机场(MRF)模型表征各像素间的空间关联信息,并分别利用最大似然(ML)方法和循环条件模式(ICM)进行自动的模型参数估计和最大后验概率(MAP)分类,最后应用NASA/JPL机载L波段极化SAR数据验证了本文所提分类方法的有效性和优越性。     

基于上下文和隐类属的小波域马尔可夫随机场SAR图像分割

该文针对合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar, SAR)图像含有大量的乘性斑点噪声的特点,提出了一种小波域隐类属的马尔可夫随机场(Markov Random Field, MRF)图像分割算法来抑制噪声的影响。考虑到小波的聚集性和持续性,该算法重新构造了待分图像小波域模型以类属为隐状态的混合长拖尾模型,将隐类属的马尔可夫随机场推广到小波域上,并用改进的上下文模型估计尺度间转移概率,最后推导出了新的最大后验(Maximum A Posteriori, MAP)分割公式。仿真结果证明,该算法具有鲁棒性能够有效地抑制噪声对图像的影响,得到准确的分割结果。     

Unsupervised segmentation of synthetic aperture Radar sea ice imagery using a novel Markov random field model

Environmental and sensor challenges pose difficulties for the development of computer-assisted algorithms to segment synthetic aperture radar (SAR) sea ice imagery. In this research, in support of operational activities at the Canadian Ice Service, images containing visually separable classes of either ice and water or multiple ice classes are segmented. This work uses image intensity to discriminate ice from water and uses texture features to identify distinct ice types. In order to seamlessly combine image spatial relationships with various image features, a novel Bayesian segmentation approach is developed and applied. This new approach uses a function-based parameter to weight the two components in a Markov random field (MRF) model. The devised model allows for automatic estimation of MRF model parameters to produce accurate unsupervised segmentation results. Experiments demonstrate that the proposed algorithm is able to successfully segment various SAR sea ice images and achieve improvement over existing published methods including the standard MRF-based method, finite Gamma mixture model, and K-means clustering.     

基于加权合成核与三重Markov场的极化SAR图像分类方法

马尔可夫随机场(Markov Random Field,MRF)广泛用于处理遥感图像的分类问题,然而MRF在构建极化合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像模型时未考虑其非平稳特性且对初始分类较为敏感,为此本文提出了一种基于加权合成核与三重马尔可夫随机场(Triplet Markov Field,TMF)的极化SAR图像分类方法.该方法依据训练样本在特征空间上的距离,提出了加权合成核函数权重系数的自适应确定方法以提高初始分类的精度和普适性;为充分考虑极化SAR图像的非平稳统计特性,利用TMF对极化SAR图像进行统计建模以实现贝叶斯分类.实验结果表明,与基于MRF的极化SAR图像分类方法相比,本文所提方法可获得更高的分类精度和更平滑的同质区域分类结果,而且本文方法能更好地保持图像边缘信息.     

Terrain objects, their dynamics and their monitoring by theintegration of GIS and remote sensing

Geometrical and thematic data about terrain objects stored in a geographical information system (GIS) can be kept up-to-date by using remote sensing (RS) data. Geometrical and thematic data can be extracted from the RS data by segmentation and classification techniques respectively. The possibilities and reliability of the information extraction from RS data can be improved by the use of ancillary data and knowledge about the terrain objects. Object classification and aggregation hierarchies can be used to describe relationships between terrain objects; the categorization of the different types of terrain object dynamics that is presented will be based partly on these hierarchical relationships. Object models will be applied in a case study in which both the field geometry (field boundaries) and the crop type of agricultural fields are updated from a Landsat TM image. For that purpose, a three-stage strategy has been developed. In the first stage, the results of an edge detection procedure are integrated with fixed geometrical data already contained in the GIS by using knowledge about the aggregation structure and shape of the fields. In the next stage, the crop type of the fields is determined by means of object-based classification. Finally, conditional merging is performed to solve the problem of oversegmentation. The resulting field geometry was found to agree for 87% with the field geometry as determined by a photo-interpreter     

基于扩散方程和MRF的SAR图像分割

该文提出了一种基于图像扩散方程和马尔科夫随机场(MRF)的合成孔径雷达(SAR)图像分割方法。在传统MRF算法的基础之中,引入对图像的扩散,用来平滑SAR图像中的噪声,保护图像中的边缘部分,并且加快收敛的速度。首先对输入的SAR图像进行扩散,通过MRF进行统计,得到图像中各点的后验概率,再对得到的后验概率进行扩散。与传统的MRF算法进行比较,该文的方法较好地去除了误分割斑块,减少算法的运行时间。     

Image classification using spectral and spatial information basedon MRF models

A new criterion for classifying multispectral remote sensing images or textured images by using spectral and spatial information is proposed. The images are modeled with a hierarchical Markov Random Field (MRF) model that consists of the observed intensity process and the hidden class label process. The class labels are estimated according to the maximum a posteriori (MAP) criterion, but some reasonable approximations are used to reduce the computational load. A stepwise classification algorithm is derived and is confirmed by simulation and experimental results.     

Unsupervised Texture Segmentation of Natural Scene Images Using Region-based Markov Random Field

In analyzing natural scene images, texture plays an important role because such images are full of various textures. Although texture is crucial information in analyzing natural scene images, the texture segmentation problem is still hard to solve since the texture often exhibit non-uniform statistical characteristics. Although there are several supervised approaches that partition an image according to pre-defined semantic categories, the ever-changing appearances in the natural images make such schemes intractable. To overcome this limitation, we propose a novel unsupervised texture segmentation method for natural images by using the Region-based Markov Random Field (RMRF) model which enforces the spatial coherence between neighbor regions. We introduce the concept of pivot regions which plays a decisive role to incorporate local data interaction. By forcing pivot regions to adhere to initial labels, we make the Markov Random Field evolve fast and precisely. The proposed algorithm based on the pivot regions and the MRF for encapsulating spatial dependencies between neighborhoods yields high performance for the unsupervised segmentation of natural scene images. Quantitative and qualitative evaluations prove that the proposed method achieves comparable results with other algorithms.     

A MRF model-based segmentation approach to classification formultispectral imagery

An unsupervised segmentation approach to classification of multispectral image is suggested here in Markov random field (MRF) frame work. This work generalizes the work of Sarkar et al. (2000) on gray value images for multispectral images and is extended for landuse classification. The essence of this approach is based on capturing intrinsic characters of tonal and textural regions of any multispectral image. The approach takes an initially oversegmented image and the original. multispectral image as the input and defines a MRF over region adjacency graph (RAG) of the initially segmented regions. Energy function minimization associated with the MRF is carried out by applying a multivariate statistical test. A cluster validation scheme is outlined after obtaining optimal segmentation. Quantitative evaluation of classification accuracy of test data for three illustrations are shown and compared with conventional maximum likelihood procedure. Comparison of the proposed methodology with a recent work of texture segmentation in the literature has also been provided. The findings of the proposed method are found to be encouraging     

基于SWT域改进粒子滤波的SAR图像降斑算法

 粒子滤波(PF)非常适合处理非高斯状态空间模型的滤波问题,而SAR图像的非高斯降斑算法正是粒子滤波的一个有效应用,本文在平稳小波变换(SWT)域上提出了一种基于马尔可夫随机场(MRF)的改进PF的SAR图像降斑算法.新算法首先分析验证了SAR图像在SWT域比在DWT域中利用广义高斯分布(GGD)建模更为精确;然后针对基本PF降斑算法中的粒子整体权重偏差问题,引入MRF重新定义粒子权重,并通过权重更新粒子的采样区间以优化粒子分布;最后为了提高本文降斑算法的实时性,依据小波系数的局部统计特性把图像分为平滑和边缘进行分区域处理.本文针对模拟SAR图像和实测SAR图像进行了仿真,仿真结果和分析表明降斑后的图像能够在去除噪声的同时较好的保持图像的边缘和纹理结构特征,而且分区域处理有效地提高了算法的效率.     

Stereo matching using colour consistency and hierarchical stochastic diffusion

A stereo matching algorithm is proposed using colour consistency and hierarchical stochastic diffusion. The colour consistency is introduced to the prior Markov random field (MRF) model to consider both the smoothness and the discontinuity of the disparity field. The energy function derived from the MRF model is minimised in the hierarchical stochastic diffusion, which first propagates the probability distribution of the reliable disparity field into the neighbourhood. Experimental results show good disparity maps compared with other propagation based methods.