调水工程输水渠道堰闸流量计算方法探讨

调水工程输水渠道堰闸流量计算方法的准确性是运行调度数字化、信息化的关键水力条件。传统的堰闸流量计算方法是先进行孔流、堰流判别,再根据相应的经验公式进行计算,其孔、堰流判断条件为闸门的相对开度e/H。经试验研究及理论分析论证认为:传统计算公式中以e/H=0.65作为宽顶堰孔流与堰流的判断条件,仅适用于自由出流状态。调水工程输水渠道堰闸工程正常运行条件一般为大淹没孔流,传统方法计算流量误差较大。通过系列模型试验数据的拟合,提出了特定条件下调水工程堰闸流量计算方法。     

宽顶堰平板闸门闸孔出流水力计算的实验研究

在水闸运行中经常会遇到各种实际问题,如准确计算下泄流量、流态判别、确定已知泄流量下的上下游水位等。为使平板闸门过闸流量计算准确又方便,根据平板闸门下宽顶堰模型实测数据,对闸孔出流的不同流态进行分析,提出了闸孔淹没出流的简易判别方法并用数学回归分析得到精度较高的自由出流、淹没出流流量计算公式,可供工程水力计算参考。更多还原     

南水北调中线干渠弧形闸门过流能力校核分析

精确的计算过闸流量十分重要,它可以保障渠道保质保量的配水,确保渠道安全运行。基于现有南水北调中线工程总干渠的设计资料,按照弧形闸门闸孔淹没出流的计算原理,应用现行的几种计算弧形闸门过闸流量的公式对南水北调中线总干渠节制闸的过流能力进行计算,并将其结果和设计流量、加大流量进行比较和分析,结果显示部分闸门的过闸流量达不到其渠段设计流量,得出如果按设计流量调水时,渠道的设计流量无法通过闸门,从而导致渠道有漫顶危险的结论。总结了在计算过程中误差存在的原因,并给出了加大闸门宽度以确保实际工程运行安全和经济社会效益最大化的建议。     

嘉峪关水文站堰闸推流探讨

针对讨赖河嘉峪关水文站堰闸推流方法做了详细的分析论证。根据实测资料,绘制出堰闸前水头h_u—流量系数C_1、溢洪坝上游水头h_u—流量系数C_1及闸门开启高度与闸前水头之比e/h_u—孔流流量系数M等关系曲线图,找出堰闸出流规律,确定出流流量计算公式,推求自由式堰流和孔流流量系数及溢洪坝流量系数,并率定得出经验公式。在Excel电子表格中编制出孔流流量计算模块,完成推流计算,解决了复杂的测验和整编过程。     

低水头水闸下游流态及消力池长度计算分析

在分析低水头水闸泄流下游流态的基础上,对水闸下游消力池长度的计算方法进行较系统地研究.研究成果包括了水闸的3种闸门开启运行方式的下游消力池长度计算:① 水闸最大泄洪流量Qm运行时,闸门为局部开启控泄运行;② 闸门全开、Qm运行时,水闸为自由出流运行;③ 闸门全开、Qm运行时,水闸为淹没出流运行.该研究成果基本涵盖了低水...     

闸孔出流定线方法浅谈

万福闸淹没孔流历年来一直采用堰闸流量系数法推流,由于受到闸门开启高度和下游潮汐涨落影响,关系曲线点据下部密集,上部稀少,点据分布极不均匀。笔者通过对堰闸流量定线方法的简要综述,详细介绍堰闸流量系数法与堰闸过水平均流速法在万福闸孔流推流中的具体应用,并通过误差精度和相关关系的分析比较,判别出适合万福闸孔流推流的定线方法。     

刘家道口节制闸泄流曲线研究

根据刘家道口闸开闸泄水以来2008—2011年积累的实测水文资料,利用水工建筑物测流SL20—1992规范公式对刘家道口闸泄流量进行分析计算,分别计算包括行近流速的过闸流量和不计行近流速的过闸流量,两者进行对比,得出考虑行近流速水头计算的过闸流量偏大,结合实际情况考虑李庄闸回水影响得出了比较适合刘家道口节制闸运行情况下的堰流、孔流流量系数计算公式。结合ADCP实测流量点据,绘出了刘家道口节制闸自由式孔、堰流泄流曲线,淹没式孔、堰流泄流曲线。     

南水北调中线干线节制闸过流公式率定及曲线绘制

南水北调中线线路长、分水口门多、无在线调蓄水库,且正处于初期运行阶段,需逐步建立健全各类闸门技术档案,尤其是率定各类闸门过流公式和绘制闸门控制运用图表,这对于精确实施渠道控制、指导闸门日常控制操作、保障输水调度安全具有重要意义。以刁河节制闸为例,基于量纲分析法,在孔流条件下利用南水北调中线干线通水运行观测数据开展了节制闸过流公式率定,并在此基础上绘制出节制闸不同闸前、闸后水位差下的过闸流量与闸门开度关系曲线。结果显示：量纲分析法物理概念比较清晰,公式形式较为简单,率定工作量大大降低,实测流量与计算流量误差基本在±6%之间,而平均误差约为3%,率定精度较高,具有较强的实际应用和推广价值;同时节制闸过闸流量曲线的绘制,为日常调度人员掌握过闸流量变化、适时开展闸门调度提供了决策依据。     

山东德州四女寺南进洪闸过闸流量分析

采用理论计算分析与模型试验相结合的方式,通过研究堰流和孔流的界限、影响闸孔出流流量偏离与闸门上下游水位、闸门开启高度等因子的定量关系及自由出流和淹没出流的条件,确定弧形闸门的流量系数、淹没系数和垂直收缩系数等,得到四女寺枢纽南进洪闸的水力计算方法,找到影响弧形闸门闸孔出流的流量、开启高度、上下游水位差的表征关系式,并通过试验和经验图表进行了验证.     

定流量调度时三河闸开高确定方法研究

科学合理利用洪泽湖水资源,其主要口门三河闸须精准调度运行。研究定流量调度时三河闸 闸门开高的精准确定方法。采用规范确定的水闸出流公式,结合2004年至2016年流量实测资料和长期 调度运行实践,提出确定闸门开高的经验公式。重新率定三河闸淹没孔流、淹没堰流关系曲线,绘制三 河闸调度流量差－上游水位变幅值关系曲线和三河闸（中渡）流量－水位关系曲线,分析三河闸孔流和 堰流分界值确定方法,提出了定流量调度时确定三河闸闸门开高的方法。2016年测流数据表明,此方法 预测流量的最大绝对误差为5．74％,误差小于5％的概率达84％;可靠性较高,可用于三河闸精准控制。     

Hydrologically Based Environmental Flow Methods Applied to Rivers in the Maritime Provinces (Canada)

The demand for water withdrawal continues to increase worldwide. These water withdrawals from rivers can affect fish habitat and aquatic life. As such, environmental flow assessment methods are used in order to protect rivers against excessive water withdrawals. The concept of environmental flow relates to the quantity of water required in rivers to sustain an acceptable level of living conditions for aquatic biota at various phases of their development. For many agencies, environmental flow methods are essential in environmental impact assessments and in the protection of important fisheries resources. The present study deals with the evaluation of hydrologically based environmental flow methods within the Maritime Province of Canada. In total, six hydrologically based environmental flow methods were compared using data from 52 hydrometric stations across the region. Some methods provided adequate environmental flow protection (e.g. 25% mean annual flow and Q₅₀ flow duration method); however, other methods did not provide adequate flow protection (e.g. Q₉₀ flow duration method and 7Q10 and 7Q2 low‐flow frequency). The 70% Q₅₀ method provided adequate flow protection only under good baseflow conditions and should be applied with extreme caution. The present study shows the importance of the hydrologic flow regime, particularly as it pertains to the baseflow component, as a significant determinant in the level of instream flow protection. © 2014 Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada. River Research and Applications © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

AN APPROACH IN MODELING TWO-DIMENSIONAL PARTIALLY CAVITATING FLOW

1. INTRODUCTIONCavitation is a phenomenon that widely occurs in liquids. When the flow leads to the local pressure below the saturation vapor pressure of water (the fluid medium, in our research), usually incipient cavitation firstly occurs on the solid b…     

Application of the ‘natural flow paradigm’ in a New Zealand context

The natural flow paradigm (NFP) emphasizes the need to partially or fully maintain or restore the range of natural intra‐ and interannual variation of hydrologic regimes to protect native biodiversity and the evolutionary potential of aquatic, riparian and wetland ecosystems. Based on our studies of natural and managed flow regimes in New Zealand, we do not believe that all components of the natural flow regime are necessary to achieve the objectives of the NFP, either partially or fully, because many aquatic species have very flexible niches and life‐history requirements (i.e. there is ‘ecological redundancy’). Obviously, maintaining the natural flow regime will maintain the hydrologic and hydraulic conditions necessary for sustaining natural ecosystems. However, if there is adequate knowledge of what ‘values’ need to be maintained in a waterway, and the aspects of the flow regime that are required to maintain those values are also known, then regimes can be designed that target these requirements and thus optimize conditions for the ‘values’. We believe that an assessment of ecosystem requirements using information on river processes together with habitat requirements and life‐history strategies of biota can achieve the best balance between resource use and sustaining ecosystem function and value, and show examples where changes to natural flow regimes have maintained, or even improved, instream values in some New Zealand rivers. We caution that simple flow‐based rules, such as those that might be developed under the NFP, could be unnecessarily restrictive on multiple use of water in New Zealand while, at the same time, preclude the opportunity for enhancement of key ecosystem values in many waterways. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

台阶式溢流坝中小流量流态改善方式研究

台阶式溢流坝有显著的掺气效果和消能效果,目前在中小型工程中广泛应用。但是台阶式溢流坝在小流量浅水深的工况下,坝面上流态较差,呈现跌流或者过渡流态,容易形成水翅和水流跃离现象。为了解决上述问题,本文结合某工程通过水工模型试验研究对台阶起始端的体型进行优化,结果表明优化方案能够很好地改善较小流量时的过渡流态。     

中小型泄水工程利用附着混合流消能问题的探讨

本文介绍了混合流的概念，结合某一中型水库的试验，观测了混合流在抬高尾水时的下游流态。流速分布的变化规律以及对消能效果的影响。从而说明了低水头泄洪建筑物利用挑流消能有更多的可能性。     

均匀来流中振动圆柱尾迹涡结构的数值研究

本文从涡量流函数形式的N-S方程出发,对于不同的振动频率、振幅,首次数值研究了均匀来流中沿任意方向(参见图1,0°相似文献   

无旋流研究

本文将变分法和流网相结合,从理论上证明了无旋流条件下流量达到极大值,并总结出流量达到极大值时,下游流动的两种表现形式:临界流和均速流。文中给出了下游流动分别为临界流和均速流两种情况下的7个实例。在无旋流条件下,应用本文的结果可以进行如下两种情况的计算:(1)利用求极大值来求流量;(2)当流量已知时,如果下游流动为临界流,则可求水深及流速;如下游流动为均速流,则可求流速等。     

ON THE CALCULATION OF FLOW OVER AND THROUGH A ROCK-FILL DAM

1.INTRODUCTIONInthedesignofanovertoppedrock--filldam,oneofthemajortasksistodecidethesizeofthedownstreamprotection.Theovertoppedrock--filldamismadeofporousmedia,thereforethewaterwillpenetrateintothedamfromtheupperfaceandemergeoutofitfromthelowerpart,whileitflowsoverthedam.Hence,theprotectionissubjectedtotheactionofboththeoverflowandtheseepageflow,andneitherofthemcanbenegligible.Inthiscase,theflowfieldconsistsoftwoparts:theopenflowandtheseepageflow,whichhavedifferentproperties.Infact,forthe…     

直槽流动失稳过程数值模拟的可视化

本文利用计算机可视化的方法对直槽流动的数值模拟结果进行了处理，得到了若干组显示涡量场和涡管运动变化的计算机动画，通过对这些直观的动画进行分析，发现了直槽流动失稳的一些现象，对于流动稳定性的研究具有一定的参考价值。