基于神经网络补偿的机器人稳定自适应控制

针对建模不精确的机器人,提出了一种基于神经网络补偿的机器人轨迹跟踪稳定自适应控制方法,文中通过设计神经网络补偿器和自适应鲁棒控制项,有效地补偿了模型的不确定性部分和网络逼近误差.由于算法包含有补偿神经网络逼近误差的鲁棒控制项,实际应用中对神经网络规模的要求可以降低;而且神经网络连接权是在线调整的,不需要离线学习过程.理论表明算法能够保证跟踪误差及神经网络连接权估计最终一致有界,仿真结果也验证了算法的有效性.     

速度受限的全方向康复步行训练机器人Backstepping补偿跟踪控制

全方向康复步行训练机器人需要跟踪医生指定的训练轨迹、针对运动过程中速度过快而影响康复者安全性问题,提出一种基于Backstepping补偿方法的速度受限型控制器设计方案,目的是保证康复者的安全训练.通过限制实际运动速度的幅值,并根据所提出轨迹跟踪误差和速度跟踪误差的实时补偿方法,实现了全方向康复步行训练机器人在安全速度下的轨迹跟踪.基于李亚普诺夫稳定性理论和LaSalle不变性原理,证明了补偿误差系统和跟踪误差系统的渐近稳定性.通过仿真结果对比分析,表明了所提控制器设计方法的有效性和可行性.     

基于预见前馈补偿的直线永磁同步电动机的位置伺服控制系统

在数控机床,机器人等一类应用的轨迹跟踪问题中,未来目标轨迹信息对提高跟踪精度具有十分重要的意义。本文设计的基于预见前馈补偿的位置控制器,充分利用未来信息,能够克服模型误差等干扰,通过仿真实验结果验证了该方法的可行性和良好的控制效果。     

双足机器人预观控制的ZMP补偿步行模式研究

针对双足机器人的稳定行走,提出了一种预观控制的零力距点（ZMP）补偿步行模式在线生成方法。利用实际ZMP与目标ZMP之间的未来误差信息,基于预观控制计算机器人行走过程中质心的补偿量,事先调整质心轨迹来改变步态。最终使实际ZMP更好地跟踪目标值。12自由度的双足机器人动力学仿真验证了所提出方法的有效性,而且机器人能在一定程度不平整地面上实现稳定行走。     

考虑状态约束与执行器饱和的水下机器人轨迹跟踪控制

针对执行器饱和、模型参数不确定以及海流干扰等因素影响下的水下机器人,提出一种考虑状态约束以及执行器饱和的轨迹跟踪控制器.首先,构建水下机器人水平面轨迹跟踪误差方程;然后,对载体模型参数不确定性产生的模型误差以及海流干扰,设计一个非线性观测器进行估计并用于对控制器进行扰动补偿;接着,引入执行器饱和补偿系统、二阶滤波器以及滤波器误差补偿系统,设计命令滤波反步滑模控制器来控制水下机器人的水平面轨迹跟踪;最后,严格验证命令滤波反步滑模控制器的稳定性并进行数值仿真,验证所提出控制器的有效性.     

一种改进的机器人在线全身关节补偿

基于三维线性倒立摆模型和ZMP生成了双足机器人的步行模式;在实际的行走过程中,机器人实际的步态轨迹和期望的步态轨迹之间存在一定的误差;为了机器人稳定地行走,必须对机器人的步行模式进行在线修正;提出了一种基于爬山算法的机器人在线全身关节补偿;通过对机器人各关节的补偿,修正机器人的质心偏差,从而达到机器人步行模式的在线修正;最后,通过计算机仿真和实体机器人验证了改方案的可行性。     

基于宏-微机器人的不连续轨线的跟踪

针对宏-微机器人跟踪不连续轨线,本文采用轨线分割的方法．轨线分割的 结果,宏机械手的期望轨迹为一条连续轨线,轨线中的不连续部分将由微机械手跟踪;同时 ,宏-微机器人这一冗余系统变为两个非冗余系统,按照两个非冗余系统分别进行轨迹规划 ;微机械手除了完成分割的任务外,对宏机械手的轨迹误差在线补偿;4自由度宏-微机器 人仿真和实验证明了本文方法的有效性．     

飞机牵引机器人路径跟踪模糊控制

为了提高飞机地面自动导航路径跟踪的控制精度,提出了基于模糊自适应控制的智能飞机牵引机器人纯追踪路径跟踪方法。首先建立了牵引机器人-飞机两轮简化模型,进行了路径跟踪运动分析;基于此分析,以牵引机器人-飞机系统运动速度和轨迹误差为输入,以预测距离为输出,通过模糊自适应控制实时调整纯追踪算法预测距离,设计了基于自适应模糊控制的路径跟踪控制器;通过几何仿真和虚拟样机仿真两种方法分别对所提出的方法进行了验证。结果表明,牵引机器人-飞机系统在变速运动时,路径跟踪的轨迹误差能控制在0.5 m左右,完全满足飞机地面自动牵引滑行的精度要求,验证了所提方法的有效性和适应性。     

柔性关节机器人高精度自适应反步法控制

为实现多连杆柔性关节机器人的高精度运动控制,首先对其建立完整的动力学模型,包含了连杆和关节动力学的耦合项、LuGre动态摩擦模型和关节回差等因素．然后针对该模型设计带观测器的自适应反步法控制器,对不可测项进行在线估计和补偿．理论分析证明了观测器的收敛性和闭环系统的稳定性．该方法在一个3DOF（degree of freedom）柔性关节机器人上进行仿真,仿真结果验证了观测器的有效性,并表明该控制器能够降低连杆跟踪误差,实现良好的轨迹跟踪效果．     

机器人灵巧手基关节交叉耦合同步控制

为了提高机器人灵巧手基关节的轨迹跟踪精度,提出了包含同步误差和位置误差反馈项及平滑鲁棒非 线性反馈补偿项的交叉耦合同步控制策略,并建立了手指动力学模型．基于李亚普诺夫稳定性理论证明了所提出的 控制策略能够使同步误差和位置误差均收敛到0,并且保证了系统的渐近稳定性．与传统非同步控制的PD 加摩擦 力补偿算法和轨迹跟踪控制算法进行比较,实验结果验证了所提出控制策略的有效性．     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。