改进PSO算法优化LSSVM模型的短期客流量预测

旅游客流量的准确预测为旅游目的地资源优化配置、景区战略计划制定提供有效依据。为了提高景区日客流量的预测精度,提出基于改进粒子群算法（Particle Swarm Optimization,PSO）优化最小二乘支持向量机（Least Squares Support Vector Machine,LSSVM）的预测方法,针对PSO算法的惯性权重在采取线性递减策略时不能满足粒子寻优非线性变化的缺陷,从种群中粒子的聚合程度以及种群进化中粒子适应度同惯性权重的关系出发,利用对数函数非线性变化的特性,提出基于对数函数的惯性权重自适应调整方法（Adaptive Logarithmic Particle Swarm Optimization,ALPSO）。通过改进的PSO算法优化LSSVM的参数,建立山岳型风景区日客流量的预测模型。以黄山风景区2012-2015年景区每日上山人数为例,实验结果证明,与基于标准PSO算法、正弦粒子群算法（Sinusoidal Particle Swarm Optimization,SPSO）和高斯粒子群算法（Gaussian Particle Swarm Optimization,GPSO）优化的LSSVM模型相比,ALPSO-LSSVM模型的预测性能更好,是准确预测景区日客流量的有效方法。     

基于改进PSO优化LSSVM的MEMS陀螺随机漂移预测

提出一种基于改进粒子群算法（PSO）优化最小二乘支持向量机（LSSVM）的MEMS陀螺随机漂移的预测模型建立方法。该方法首先应用最小二乘支持向量机对MEMS陀螺随机漂移建立预测模型,然后应用改进粒子群算法对该模型进行优化,最后应用参数优化后的LSSVM预测模型对随机漂移进行预测。该方法不仅解决了支持向量机训练速度慢和所需计算资源多的问题,而且文中提出的改进的惯性权值递减策略使PSO算法在全局或局部搜索能力上的侧重具有更好的适应度。实验结果表明,该预测模型可以有效地进行陀螺随机漂移的预测,且预测效果优于基本PSO优化的最小二乘支持向量机。     

基于PCA-PSO-LSSVM的温室大棚温度预测方法

针对温度预测的精度和效率问题,提出了在主成分分析(PCA)法的条件下,利用粒子群优化(PSO)算法优化最小二乘支持向量机(LSSVM)的温室大棚温度预测方法.采用PSO算法对LSSVM的模型参数进行优化,并以自动获取的最佳参数组合构建温度与其影响因子间非线性预测模型.利用搭建的温室大棚智能监控系统对人工温室中的6种环境参数进行采集,并利用所测数据对上述模型进行验证.实验结果表明:与PCA-LSSVM预测模型和PSO-LSSVM预测模型相比,所提预测模型预测效果良好.3种模型评价指标均优于其他预测方法.基于PCA-PSO-LSSVM温度预测模型在全局优化及收敛速度方面具有较大优势,具有良好的自学能力和自适应能力,预测精度高.     

基于CEPSO-LSSVM的煤炭消费量预测模型

针对煤炭消费量的时变性、非平稳性特点,为了提高煤炭消费量预测精度,提出了一种鲶鱼粒子群算法优化最小二乘支持向量机（LSSVM）的煤炭消费量预测模型（CEPSO-LSSVM）。将LSSVM参数编码成粒子位置串,并根据煤炭消费量训练集的交叉验证误差最小作为参数优化目标,通过粒子间信息交流找到最优LSSVM参数,并引入“鲶鱼效应”,保持粒子群的多样性,克服传统粒子群算法的局部最优,根据最优参数建立煤炭消费量预测模型,并采用实际煤炭消费量数据进行仿真测试。结果表明,相对于其他预测模型,CEPSO-LSSVM可以获得更优的LSSVM参数,提高了煤炭消费量预测精度,更加适用于复杂非线性的煤炭消费量预测。     

基于遗传算法的BP 神经网络在城市用水量预测中的应

城市用水量的准确预测对供水系统的调度、改进具有重要意义。为解决传统BP神经网络预测模型易陷入局部极小、调整权值和参数需要不断尝试等问题,选用基于生物进化理论的遗传算法(Genetic Algorithms,GA)对其优化,提出了以GA优化BP网络的算法(GA-BP)。同时,针对以往BP神经网络预测模型因输入变量选取不当导致的误差精度过低的缺点,通过分析城市时用水量变化规律,得到合适的输入变量。最后,建立预测模型并使用历史数据进行训练和仿真。将预测模型应用于深圳市某供水公司,结果表明,该网络模型在城市时用水量预测中具有可靠性和适用性。     

基于自适应变异SAPSO-LSSVM的磨煤机一次风量预测

针对磨煤机一次风量的预测问题,建立了以磨煤机系统运行中与一次风量主要相关的参数作为输入变量的最小二乘支持向量机(LSSVM)模型。采用自适应变异的模拟退火粒子群算法(AMSAPSO)对建立的LSSVM模型的参数进行优化,建立了基于自适应变异的模拟退火粒子群优化算法的最小二乘支持向量机(AMSAPSO-LSSVM)预测模型。利用某600 MW机组磨煤机一次风系统运行数据对该模型进行了验证。结果表明,采用自适应变异模拟退火粒子群算法对LSSVM进行寻优,有效避免了搜索盲目性和早熟收敛的问题,提高了模型的泛化能力。采用AMSAPSO-LSSVM预测模型可以对磨煤机一次风量进行较高精度的预测。     

基于改进PSO优化SVR的交通事故预测模型

为了有效预测交通事故,提出一种基于改进粒子群算法优化支持向量回归机的预测模型。改进粒子群算法利用网格搜索对全局最优粒子的邻域进行精细搜索,结合粒子群算法较快的收敛速度和网格搜索较强局部搜索能力的优点,提高了支持向量回归机相关参数的优化精度,进而改善了交通事故预测模型的预测性能。仿真结果表明,基于改进粒子群算法优化支持向量回归机的交通事故预测模型达到了较快的学习速度和较高的预测精度,具有良好的工程应用性。      

改进PSO优化参数的LSSVM燃煤锅炉Nox排放预测

为了提高燃煤锅炉NOX排放浓度预测的准确度,更好地进行氮氧化物的污染监测,提出了一种结合最小二乘支持向量机(Least squares support vector machines,LSSVM)和改进的粒子群优化算法(Particle swarm optimization,PSO)的预测方法。依据LSSVM预测原理及其参数选择的不确定性,采用一种改进的PSO优化算法对模型参数进行寻优,建立锅炉燃烧NOX排放特性模型,并与另两种方法结果进行比较。结果表明:LSSVM是一种有效的建模方法,有较高的拟合度;改进的PSO与LSSVM结合可改善模型的预测精度和泛化能力,在NOX排放浓度预测方面明显优于其他两种参数优化算法,对NOX排放预测有指导意义。     

基于改进粒子群优化和极限学习机的网络安全态势预测

针对网络安全态势预测模型预测精度不高、收敛较慢等问题,提出了一种基于改进粒子群优化极限学习机（IPSO-ELM）算法的预测方法。首先,通过改进粒子群优化（PSO）算法中的惯性权重和学习因子来实现两种参数随着迭代次数增加的自适应调整,使PSO初期搜索范围大、速度高,后期收敛能力强、稳定。其次,针对PSO易陷入局部最优的问题,提出一种粒子停滞扰动策略,将陷入局部最优的粒子重新引导至全局最优飞行。改进粒子群优化（IPSO）算法既保证了全局寻优的能力,又对局部搜索能力有所增强。最后,将IPSO与极限学习机（ELM）结合来优化ELM的初始权值及阈值。与ELM相比,结合IPSO的ELM的预测精度提高了44.25%。实验结果表明,与PSO-ELM相比,IPSO-ELM的预测结果拟合度可达到0.99,收敛速度提升了47.43%。所提算法在预测精度和收敛速度等指标上明显优于对比算法。     

基于改进的粒子群算法优化反向传播神经网络的热舒适度预测模型

针对热舒适度预测是一个复杂的非线性过程,不便于空调的实时控制应用的问题,提出一种基于改进的粒子群优化(PSO)算法优化反向传播(BP)神经网络的热舒适度预测模型。这一预测模型通过采用PSO算法优化BP神经网络的初始权值和阈值,改善了传统BP算法收敛速度慢及对网络初始值敏感的问题。同时,针对标准PSO算法易出现早熟收敛、局部寻优能力弱等缺点,提出了相应改进策略,进一步提高了PSO优化BP神经网络的能力。实验结果表明：与传统BP模型和标准PSO-BP模型相比,基于改进的PSO-BP算法的热舒适度预测模型具有更高的预测精度和更快的收敛速度。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.