四种不同工艺对富营养化水源水的除藻效果

针对富营养化水源水含藻量高的特点,分别采用生物过滤、臭氧预氧化-生物过滤、高锰酸钾预氧化-混凝沉淀和混凝-气浮四种不同处理工艺,研究了各工艺对高藻水源水的除藻效果。结果表明：生物过滤预处理对原水中藻类的去除率介于58.55%~75.89%,平均去除率为69.04%;当臭氧投加量为1.5mg/L时,臭氧预氧化-生物过滤工艺对原水中藻类的平均去除率可达85%以上;在PAC投加量为15mg/L、高锰酸钾投加量为0.8mg/L时,高锰酸钾预氧化-混凝沉淀工艺可以取得90%以上的除藻率;混凝-气浮工艺的除藻率介于87.86%~94.18%,平均去除率可达90.68%。     

活性炭和焦炭吸附气相二恶英的效率比较

为了研究不同来源吸附剂对烟气中二恶英的吸附效果,选取颗粒活性炭和废轮胎热解焦炭2种吸附剂.实验在管式反应炉中进行,通过设置不同的吸附床层温度和空速条件,对2种吸附剂脱除二恶英的吸附效率进行比较.研究发现：活性炭对烟气二恶英毒性当量的吸附效率较高,当床层温度＜200 ℃时可以达到大于98％的吸附效率;废轮胎热解焦炭的吸附效率稍低,对烟气二恶英毒性当量的吸附效率＞65%,最高为86%.     

Effect of nanotechnology on heavy metal removal from aqueous solution

The effect of nanotechnology on cadmium and zinc removal from aqueous solution was investigated. In order to characterize micro and nano phragmites australis adsorbent, we analyzed the data via FTIR, SEM, PSA, and EDX. The effect of various parameters such as p H, contact time, amount of adsorbent and initial concentration, was investigated. The optimum p H for the removal of cadmium for micro and nano phragmites australis adsorbent was 7, and for the removal of zinc by the micro adsorbent was 7 and by nano adsorbent was 6. The equilibrium time of zinc was 90 min and for the adsorption of cadmium by micro and nano adsorbent were 90 and 30 min, respectively. The optimum dose of micro adsorbent for the removal of cadmium was 0.7 g, and the other dose for the removal of zinc and cadmium was 0.5 g. The evaluation of adsorbent's distribution coefficient showed that the highest rates of distribution coefficient with initial concentration of 5, 10, 30, and 50 mg/L were 394.83, 587.62, 759.39 and 1101.52 L/kg, respectively, which were observed in nano adsorbent. Desorption experiments for the nano adsorbent in three cycles were done. Among kinetics models, our experimental data were more consistent with Hoo kinetic model and for isotherm models, Freundlich isotherm was more consistent. The results show that nanotechnology could increase the performance of adsorbents and enhance the efficiency of the adsorption of cadmium and zinc ions.     

Theoretical evaluation on nitrogen removal of step-feed anoxic/oxic activated sludge process

Topreventeutrophicationoftraditionalbiologicaltreatmenteffluent,minimizethedischargeratebywastewaterreuse,andtoalleviateawatersourcecrisis,researchonbiologicalremovalnitrogenandphosphorusarebeingdevelopedallovertheworld.Typicalbiologi calnitrogenremovalpr…     

蚯蚓对城市污水污泥中重金属的富集特征

利用桂林城市污水处理厂剩余活性污泥养殖蚯蚓（赤子爱胜蚓）,研究了蚯蚓生物量的变化、蚯蚓体内和试验后混合物中重金属含量、蚯蚓对污泥中重金属的富集特征,以及处理后蚯蚓产品的再利用。结果表明：加入污泥以后蚯蚓体重增长极其显著;蚯蚓体内的重金属含量显著低于混合物中重金属的含量,两者的Ｃｄ、Ｃｕ、Ｐｂ正相关,Ｚｎ负相关;重金属的富集顺序为Ｃｄ＞Ｚｎ＞Ｃｕ＞Ｐｂ;投加污泥以后,蚯蚓体内重金属含量显著提高;蚯蚓和混合物的重金属组分含量能够满足相关的国家标准,可以再利用。     

强化序批式活性污泥工艺脱氮除磷的实验研究

采用强化序批式活性污泥(SBR)工艺进行废水处理,实验考察了各阶段运行时间、碳氮比等对化学需氧量、氮磷去除率的影响.确定了强化SBR工艺最佳运行方式为:进水搅拌1 h,曝气5 h,停曝搅拌2 h,沉淀2 h,一个工艺周期为10 h,碳氮比为18.当进水总磷为10 mg/L-1,氨氮为100 mg/L-1时,氨氮和总磷的去除率分别达85%及78%;与普通SBR工艺相比,强化SBR工艺的氨氮和总磷去除率分别提高约13%及12%.结果表明,强化SBR工艺在进水搅拌阶段使磷得到了充分释放;在停曝搅拌阶段混合液得到了充分的反硝化,提高了脱氮效果,同时由于抑制了聚磷菌释放磷而提高了除磷效果.     

Radiation shielding performance of aggregates made by sludge with high content of heavy metal

A new method to prepare radiation shielding functional aggregate is described, and an appropriate mix ratio and a reasonable calcinated condition was engaged. The γ-ray shielding capability of both the new functional aggregates and some other nature aggregates had been measured. The linear attenuation coefficients (µ, cm^?1) of these aggregates had been calculated at photon energies from 1 keV to 10GeV using XCOM program, and measured at the photon energies of 662 keV, showing good agreement between experimental and calculated results. The results show that the γ-ray shielding capacity of the new functional aggregates has been improved substantially compared with basalt, almost equal to serpentine and high-titanium slag, and up to 80% to barite.     

强化生物除磷污泥糖原的近红外光谱分析

采用蒽酮法测定强化生物除磷(EBPR)反应器污泥中糖原物质的含量,运用间隔偏最小二乘法(iPLS)对近红外光谱进行建模,将光谱划分为20个子区间,选出最佳波数区间为4775-4389cm-1,并用这个模型预测未知样品中糖原含量。结果表明:所建模型对糖原校正时的相关系数(rc)为0.9583,校正均方根误差(RMSECV)为0.3554;预测时的相关系数(rp)=0.9769,预测均方根误差(RMSEP)为0.4243。所建的模型对糖原含量的预测效果较好,模型预测精度高,为污泥中糖原的测定提供了一种快速可行的分析技术。     

游离氨对活性污泥系统中脱氮性能及胞外聚合物的影响

以人工模拟废水为研究对象,采用4组SBR反应器(R0.5、R5、R10和R15),考察了4种游离氨浓度(0.5、5、10和15 mg/L)对生物脱氮效能、胞外聚合物含量及其组分(蛋白质(PN)、多糖(PS)和核酸(DNA))影响.结果表明,4种游离氨浓度条件下都实现了较高的脱氮效果(97.6％～99.4％).游离氨对3...     

Feasibility of using lysozyme to reduce excess sludge in activated sludge process

Lysozyme reaction was developed as a novel technique for minimizing the amount of excess sludge in the sequential batch reactor （SBR）.In the present work,excess sludge taken from a SBR system was treated by lysozyme reaction and then returned to the reactor.The quality of the effluent water and characteristics of the activated sludge in the SBR were analyzed to determine the effectiveness of the reduction process.The results show that excess sludge production could be reduced to almost 100％ in the first 30 d of operation and could be reduced to further by 40％ in the succeeding 20 d or so.In these time periods,the average removal efficiencies of the chemical oxygen demand and total nitrogen are 87.38％ and 52.78％,respectively,whereas the average total phosphorous in the effluent is nearly 17.18％ greater than that of the effluent of the reference system.After 50 d of operation,the sludge floc size is in the range of 20 to 80 μm,which was smaller than the size prior to the start of the hydrolysis and the ratio of mixed liquor volatile suspended solids/mixed liquor suspended solids increases from 86％ to 90％.     

活性污泥合成聚羟基脂肪酸酯工艺过程研究进展

聚羟基脂肪酸酯(PHAs)是原核微生物在营养物质缺乏的情况下,作为储备碳源而在细胞内存储的聚合脂类物质,因其与普通塑料物理化学性质相近且具有良好的降解性和生物相容性等特性,可节约石化资源,成为生物合成可降解材料研究的热点.近年来大量研究表明,利用市政污泥的混合菌群合成PHA可以大幅降低成本,有利于PHA合成产业化发展及废物资源化利用.本文总结了利用活性污泥合成PHA工艺中产PHA混合菌群富集阶段和PHA合成阶段的相关研究进展.阐明PHA菌群的筛选阶段工艺(从厌氧-好氧交替模式到好氧动态排水模式)和PHA积累的工艺过程(从批次实验到连续流);重点阐述合成PHA的富集和积累阶段给料模式的工艺优化;并对合成PHA工艺研究的新思路及现有PHA合成工艺的动力学模型进行了总结.基于现有混合菌群合成PHA方法的研究进展,对未来PHA的研究方向提出建议和展望.     

CAST工艺不同运行周期处理生活污水的除磷效果

在CAST工艺处理生活污水过程中，时间因素(运行周期)对其生物除磷过程及其效果的影响不可忽视．本试验在固定进水-曝气方式与设置缺氧选择器的基础上，通过改变运行周期，对CAST工艺处理生活污水的除磷情况进行了研究．结果表明：CAST工艺对生活污水的生物除磷处理是可行的，其中运行周期为4h时效果最好；出水CODCr平均为64．44mg／L，去除率为83．5％；出水TP浓度平均为2．68mg／L，去除率为58．01％．采用非限制性曝气模式运行效果提高不大．建议采用限制性曝气与非连续性进水模式运行，以提高除磷效果、节约能耗．     

活性污泥中红斑顠体虫的繁殖速率

以剩余污泥为培养基,观察并测定了红斑顠体虫的无性繁殖.红斑顠体虫的无性繁殖以横裂方式进行,分裂后形成母体和子体.母体和子体分裂后会再次长出芽结.在溶解氧、食物、生存空间等不成为限制性增长因子的情况下,25℃时母体的平均连续繁殖世代时间为15.4 h,子体的平均连续繁殖世代时间(无性繁殖的世代时间)为42 h.由此得红斑顠体虫的平均倍增时间为11.2 h,比增长速率为1.49 d-1.     

活性炭对重金属废水COD去除效果的影响研究

文章采用SBR工艺和人工葡萄糖配水对比研究了不同浓度活性炭对含铬废水COD去除率的影响。结果表明:SBR工艺中投加活性炭可有效消除重金属对污泥活性的影响,从而显著提高重金属废水中的有机物去除效果,COD去除效率随活性炭投加量增加而有所提高,活性炭最佳投加量约为800～1200mg/L。     

活性污泥生物吸附性能的研究

探讨了活性污泥生物吸附作用的影响因素。吸附性能随温度升高而降低,在20~30min之间,可达到吸附平衡,且温度越高,达到吸附平衡的时间越长;活性污泥对悬浮性有机物的吸附性能高于对溶解性和胶体性有机物的吸附;对高浓度污水吸附性能高于低浓度污水的吸附性能;抑制剂对污泥的吸附作用有影响。     

用投菌法驯化活性污泥

用分离出的硫磷降解菌、脂肪降解菌和酚降菌分别投加到活性污泥中，驯化出能够降解含对硫磷、脂肪、酚污水的３种活性污泥，并对驯化结果进行了实验比较．试验证明该方法快捷简便．     

Leachability of heavy metals from solidified sludge

Solidified sludge undergoes progressive depletion of the alkalinity materials under natural weathering condition and releases out of heavy metals. The leaching of heavy metals from solidified sewage sludge was studied by acid neutralization capacity (ANC) test and flow-through leaching test. The results of ANC test showed that heavy metals release at high concentration when the pH of extract lowers than 6. The disintegration of solidified sludge and the transformation of heavy metals are the main reasons for the resolubilisation of contaminants. Flow-through leaching test indicated that leaching of heavy metals from solidified sludge occurs in a slow way. A mathematical model has been developed to predict the stabilization time of heavy metals in solidified sludge. The research results showed that decreasing hydraulic conductivity is more important than cement addition for controlling the release of heavy metals from solidified sludge. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 50678075)     

寒冷地区活性污泥培养与驯化的实践

针对包头市北郊水质净化厂活性污泥工艺，介绍了北方寒冷地区活性污泥的培养驯化过程，以及某些参数的合理控制。     

PH值对活性污泥沉降过程的影响

试验结果表明,沉降过程中混合液的ＰＨ值对ＳＶ％、ＳＶＩ的是影响与活性污泥的类型相关,对于正常状态的污泥、粘隆膨胀污泥、低ＤＯ和低Ｆ／Ｍ的丝状菌膨胀污泥,ＰＨ值高比ＰＨ值低时沉降速度慢,而低ＰＨ值引起的真菌型膨胀污泥,混合液的ＰＨ值高比低时的沉降速度快,且与废水的种类无关。在ＰＨ值分别为９．０,５．０,３．０的混合液沉降试验中,低ＤＯ和低Ｆ／Ｍ引起的丝状菌膨胀污泥的ＳＶ％相差最小。相应ＳＶＩ的差值也     

电化学氧化活性污泥减量效能

针对电化学氧化技术是有效而可靠的"清洁技术",提出以Ti/RuO2材料为阳极的同心圆式电解槽为反应器对活性污泥进行电解减量的实验研究.结果表明,电氧化能够有效实现活性污泥减量.当工作电压为6 V、pH值为12、间歇电解60 min、初始混合液悬浮性挥发固体(MLVSS)为4 670 mg.L-1时,活性污泥的表观溶解效率为29.98%.此时污泥溶胞释放出的SCOD和TP分别升高了712.2、33 mg.L-1,NH3-N也达到最大值并呈下降趋势,表明该工艺条件为最佳电解条件.