黄曲霉毒素的危害及检测方法研究进展

黄曲霉毒素(Aflatoxins,AFT)主要是由真菌寄生曲霉和黄曲霉产生的次生代谢产物,在自然界中普遍存在,尤其在湿热的环境中极易产生,由于其具有极强的致癌性,研究其检测方法极其重要。本文主要介绍黄曲霉毒素的危害、检测技术及黄曲霉的残留限量标准,并对应用较广的高效液相色谱-质谱联用法、液相色谱法、薄层色谱和酶联免疫吸附等测定黄曲霉毒素的方法、原理及应用进行了综述,以期为黄曲霉毒素检测技术的研究提供一定的参考。     

黄曲霉毒素危害和检测方法研究进展

黄曲霉毒素具有致癌性和致畸性, 即使痕量级水平的摄入也会对人体健康产生长时间的危害。粮食等作物在生长和贮存期间都可被黄曲霉毒素污染。由于其高毒性, 已有很多检测方法来检测不同样品中黄曲霉毒素的含量, 这些方法各有优缺点, 且并不是每个方法都能满足国标限量水平。本文综述了不同黄曲霉毒素对人体的危害, 分析检测技术的发展, 重点讨论几种较成熟方法在不同基质中的应用。     

食品中黄曲霉毒素检测方法研究进展

黄曲霉毒素是自然界中黄曲霉菌和寄生曲霉菌分泌的一种次级代谢产物,容易污染粮食作物及其制品,主要存在于霉变的花生、大米、玉米等作物及与其相关食品中。黄曲霉毒素具有极强的毒性和致癌性,是目前已发现的最强的天然致癌物质,严重威胁人类健康。近年来黄曲霉毒素已成为食品安全领域的重点关注对象。本文着重从黄曲霉毒素的前处理方法和检测方法两方面介绍国内外目前食品中常用的黄曲霉毒素检测手段,包括传统的经典检测方法和快速检测方法,并对其进行比较和评价,同时对粮油食品中的黄曲霉毒素检测方法的发展方向进行展望,以供国内外同行参考借鉴。     

黄曲霉毒素检测方法研究进展

黄曲霉毒素主要是由黄曲霉和寄生曲霉产生的一类次级代谢产物,经常污染粮油原料及其制品,具有强致癌性.介绍了黄曲霉毒素毒性及一些国家和地区的残留限量标准;针对不同基质间组分存在较大差异,概述了液液萃取、超临界流体萃取、固相萃取及免疫亲和柱净化等样品前处理方法;同时对薄层色谱、高效液相色谱、酶联免疫吸附等测定黄曲霉毒素的方法、原理、应用及特点进行了综述;最后分析了黄曲霉毒素检测技术的发展趋势.     

黄曲霉毒素检测技术的研究进展

黄曲霉毒素（AFT）检测方法和技术的了解与掌握对黄曲霉毒素快速，准确的检测有重要意义，本中介绍了黄曲霉毒素的几种常见检测方法，并对其特点及检出限进行了概括性的分析。     

食品中黄曲霉毒素检测方法研究进展

结合了国内外研究进展,介绍了黄曲霉毒素的分布、结构及毒性危害,并重点阐述了相关检测方法,包括传统的方法以及近年来新兴的检测方法,以及其特点、现状和存在的问题。     

粮食及饲料中黄曲霉毒素的检测方法研究进展

鉴于黄曲霉毒素具有强烈的致癌性,一旦污染粮食和饲料,会严重危害人和动物健康,造成经济损失,准确、快速的对粮食与饲料中的黄曲霉毒素含量进行检测,对养殖业与人们的食品安全有重要意义。笔者就粮食及饲料中黄曲霉毒素的快速检测方法和确认方法的发展情况进行了综述,以期为相关研究提供一定的参考。     

黄曲霉毒素的检测及其降解方法进展

黄曲霉毒素主要是由真菌寄生曲霉和黄曲霉产生的次生代谢产物,具有极强的毒性、致癌性,在自然界中普遍存在。文中论述了不同物质中黄曲霉毒素的检测方法及应用,同时介绍了黄曲霉毒素的降解方法及成果,并对黄曲霉毒素检测及降解技术的发展趋势进行了展望。     

黄曲霉毒素检测方法的应用及进展

黄曲霉毒素(Aflatoxins,AFT)是种剧毒物质,对人类健康产生极大的危害,导致严重的食品安全问题.因此寻求准确、快速、简便的AFT检测方法是至关重要.本文就薄层色谱法、高效液相色谱法、免疫分析法及几种新出现的AFT检测技术及应用作一一评述,并对今后AFT检测方法的发展作了展望.     

黄曲霉毒素B1检测方法的分析

黄曲霉毒素B1是一种致癌物质 ,许多国家已将其限量标准提高 ,黄曲霉毒素B1检测方法的检出限已因其毒性而提高 ,并已成为国际贸易中新的技术壁垒。文中介绍了黄曲霉毒素B1的几种常见检测方法 ,并对其特点及检出限进行了概括性的分析。     

食品中黄曲霉毒素样品前处理及检测技术研究进展

黄曲霉毒素主要存在于发霉的粮食、豆类、坚果及其相关的食品中,极易通过饮食进入人体,是诱发肝癌的主要因素,对人体健康造成重大威胁。因此,为保障食品安全、维护人类健康,对食品中的黄曲霉毒素进行定量检测至关重要。食品基质复杂多样,检测前需要使用配套的前处理技术对食品中黄曲霉毒素进行富集、纯化。本文对近年来食品中黄曲霉毒素的前处理及检测技术的原理、应用、特点进行了综述,对液液萃取、固相萃取、磁性固相萃取、免疫磁性固相萃取、免疫亲和柱以及QuEChERS等样品前处理技术的优缺点进行了比对,并对化学分析、仪器分析以及免疫分析等黄曲霉毒素检测技术的研究进展进行了总结,对其发展趋势进行了展望,为后续开展黄曲霉毒素的安全风险评估以及新型检测技术开发等相关研究提供新思路。     

黄曲霉毒素B1时间分辨荧光定量检测体系适用性评价

目的评价黄曲霉毒素B_1时间分辨荧光定量检测体系(包括黄曲霉毒素B_1时间分辨荧光免疫层析检测卡和荧光定量检测仪)的适用性。方法用时间分辨荧光定量检测体系测定20个阴性样本中黄曲霉毒素B_1的含量,确定该检测体系的检出限(limit of detection,LOD)和定量限(limit of quantification,LOQ);用2台荧光检测仪对6组含不同浓度黄曲霉毒素B_1的大米和玉米阳性样本进行检测,确定方法的准确性和台间差;重复6次检测含中等浓度黄曲霉毒素B_1的阳性样本和连续12 h检测国标检测限浓度的阳性标准溶液,确定方法的重复性和稳定性。结果该检测体系的LOD和LOQ分别为0.7和2.1μg/kg;该检测体系的检测值与大型仪器定值结果无显著性差异,2台荧光检测仪的测值之间无显著性差异;中浓度阳性样本和连续12 h测定检测限浓度的标准溶液的标准偏差未超过国家标准规定要求,检测结果的稳定性和重复性满足国家标准要求。结论该时间分辩荧光定量检测体系能够准确检测玉米和大米样本中黄曲霉毒素B_1含量。     

黄曲霉毒素脱除方法研究进展

黄曲霉毒素污染是影响花生、玉米、小麦等农作物安全性的重要原因之一。根据黄曲霉毒素的理化特性可用物理、化学或者生物方法进行脱除。本文对黄曲霉毒素的主要脱除方法进行了综述, 以期为保障农作物及其制品的安全性提供参考。     

Development of a quantitative lateral flow immunoassay for the detection of aflatoxins in maize

An immunoassay-based lateral flow device for the quantitative determination of four major aflatoxins in maize has been developed. The one-step assay has performance comparably with that of other screening methods, as confirmed by the intra- and the inter-day precision of the data (RSD 10–22%), and can be completed in 10?min. Quantification was obtained by acquiring images of the strip and correlating intensities of the coloured lines with analyte concentration by means of a stored calibration curve carried out by diluting aflatoxins in the extract from a blank maize sample. Limit of detection (1?µg?kg^–1) and dynamic range (2–40?µg?kg^?1) allows the direct assessment of aflatoxin contamination in maize at all levels of regulatory relevance. All reagents are immobilized on the lateral flow device. In addition, very simple sample preparation, using an aqueous buffered solution, has been demonstrated to allow the quantitative extraction of aflatoxins. Twenty-five maize samples were extracted with the aqueous medium and analyzed by the developed assay. A good correlation was observed (y?=?0.97x?+?0.07, r ^2?=?0.980) when data was compared with that obtained through an official method. The developed method is reliable, rapid and allows for application outside the laboratory as a point-of-use test for screening purposes.     

稻米中黄曲霉毒素和赭曲霉毒素A的研究进展

真菌毒素是由某些丝状真菌产生的有毒代谢产物,在自然界中普遍存在,严重威胁人畜健康。综述了黄曲霉毒素和赭曲霉毒素A的理化性质及危害,在稻米中的污染现状、限量标准及分析方法等方面进行阐述,希望能给真菌毒素的研究提供一些参考。      

Multivariate optimisation of an ultrasound assisted-matrix solid-phase dispersion method combined with LC-fluorescence detection for simultaneous extraction and determination of aflatoxins in pistachio nut samples

This paper describes the application of ultrasound-assisted matrix solid-phase dispersion as an extraction and clean-up procedure for aflatoxins (B₁, B₂, G₁ and G₂) and subsequent determination by LC-fluorescence detection. A Box–Behnken design was used to determine the parameters influencing the extraction procedure through response surface methodology and experimental design. The influence of different variables including type of dispersing phase, sample-to-dispersing phase ratio, type and quantity of clean-up phase, ultrasonication time, ultrasonication temperature, nature and volume of the elution solvent were investigated in the optimisation study. C18, graphitic carbon black and acetonitrile were selected as dispersing phase, clean-up phase and elution solvent, respectively. The optimised values were sample-to-dispersing phase ratio of 1:1, 50 mg of graphitic carbon black, 11 min ultrasonication time, 30°C ultrasonication temperature and 3 ml acetonitrile. Under the optimal conditions the limits of detection (LODs) were ranged from 0.04–0.11 µg kg^?1 and the relative standard deviations (RSDs) of the extraction method were less than 8.6%. The recoveries of the matrix solid-phase dispersion process ranged from 74% to 78% with relative standard deviation lower than 9% in all cases. Finally, the matrix solid-phase dispersion was successfully applied to extraction of trace amounts of aflatoxins in pistachio samples.     

免疫亲和柱净化-在线柱后光化学衍生-高效液相色谱-荧光检测法快速测定食品中的黄曲霉毒素含量

目的 通过建立免疫亲和柱净化-在线柱后光化学衍生-高效液相色谱-荧光检测法探索快速测定食品中的黄曲霉毒素含量的方法。方法 样品经甲醇-水(V/V, 7︰3)提取, 免疫亲和柱净化、富集、淋洗后, 收集洗脱液, 洗脱液经Acclaim?120 C18 柱分离, 在254 nm紫外光下进行光化学衍生, 用荧光检测器进行测定。结果 黄曲霉毒素G2, G1, B2, B1检测限均小于2 μg/kg, 加标回收率为94.3%~108.8%。 结论 该方法能连续操作, 节省人力, 可用于食品中黄曲霉毒素含量的测定。     

Survey of aflatoxins in chillies from Pakistan produced in rural,semi-rural and urban environments

Chilli peppers from Pakistan are consumed locally and also exported. Their quality is compromised by aflatoxins (AF) contamination. AF in chillies from rural, semi-rural and urban areas of the Punjab region of Pakistan were determined. Twenty-three (52.3%), 22 (50%) and 29 (65.9%) samples from rural, semi-rural and urban areas respectively, contained levels of aflatoxins which exceeded the European Union limits of >5?µg?kg^?1 for AFB₁ and >10?µg?kg^?1 for total AF that apply to spices. Mean values for AFB₁ in ground samples were 23.8, 14.8 and 14.0?µg?kg^?1 for rural, semi-rural and urban areas, respectively. Mean total AF in ground samples were 27.7, 17.7 and 16.2?µg?kg^?1 from equivalent locations. Eleven (50%), 12 (54.5%) and 14 (63.6%) whole samples from rural, semi-rural and urban areas, respectively, contained total levels of AF that exceeded European Union limits. The data indicate that individual localities have particular problems. In conclusion, the concentrations were often greater than the statutory limits set by the European Union.