Damage alarming for bridge expansion joints using novelty detection technique based on long-term monitoring data

Damage alarming and safety evaluation using long-term monitoring data is an area of significant research activity for long-span bridges. In order to extend the research in this field, the damage alarming technique for bridge expansion joints based on long-term monitoring data was developed. The effects of environmental factors on the expansion joint displacement were analyzed. Multiple linear regression models were obtained to describe the correlation between displacements and the dominant environmental factors. The damage alarming index was defined based on the multiple regression models. At last, the X-bar control chart was utilized to detect the abnormal change of the displacements. Analysis results reveal that temperature and traffic condition are the dominant environmental factors to influence the displacement. When the confidence level of X-bar control chart is set to be 0.003, the false-positive indications of damage can be avoided. The damage sensitivity analysis shows that the proper X-bar control chart can detect 0.1 cm damage-induced change of the expansion joint displacement. It is reasonably believed that the proposed technique is robust against false-positive indication of damage and suitable to alarm the possible future damage of the expansion joints.     

基于小波分析的大跨度桥梁动态监测数据处理

将GPS实时动态监测技术应用于大跨度桥梁监测是保障桥梁安全的重要手段,受到多种复杂因素的影响,如何提取大跨度桥梁的动态特性是应用该技术的关键。将小波分析应用于GPS桥梁动态监测数据处理,针对影响小波分析效果的小波基函数、小波分解尺度、阈值确定准则等3种因素进行对比实验,以均方差、信噪比和平滑度等3项评价指标进行量化分析,完成GPS桥梁动态特性的提取,获得有益的结论。     

大跨径悬索桥动载试验研究

为检验在役大跨径悬索桥结构的动力性能,对主跨128 m地锚式悬索桥进行动力试验。测试其自振频率、振型和阻尼比;激振试验中,测试桥跨结构在汽车以不同速度通过桥跨和在桥上特定位置跳车时桥跨结构的动应变、动位移、振幅以及加速度等动力响应,计算得出冲击系数。并将实测结果与有限元结果进行对比分析。结果表明,该悬索桥具有较好的竖向刚度、横向刚度;汽车在桥上运行时对桥跨结构有一定的冲击作用但并不明显,有障碍行车舒适度较差。     

基于AR模型的大跨悬索桥脉动风速时程模拟

为了解决风荷载的输入问题,分析桥梁风致振动响应,提出了基于AR模型的脉动风速时程模拟方法.基于线性滤波法的AR数值模型,依据AIC准则确定了模型的阶数,利用MATLAB语言,采用Kaimal谱编制了随时间和空间变化的脉动风速时程模拟程序;对某大跨悬索桥的主梁、主缆及主塔表面的风速时程进行数值模拟,根据工程实际确定了特定参数的取值,运用功率谱密度函数及互相关函数,考虑空间相关性,对结果进行验证.结果证明,本文方法简便快捷,模拟值同目标值吻合,能够较好地解决风荷载的输入问题.     

特大跨径地锚式悬索桥静力稳定性分析

为了解悬索桥在不同简化模型下的静力稳定性,全面分析其整体失稳过程及最终失稳模态,基于地锚式悬索桥主塔失稳导致全桥失稳的受力特点,以在建的南京仙新路长江大桥为工程背景,采用大型有限元分析软件ABAQUS建立了全桥多尺度模型和独塔实体模型,分析对比了线性稳定系数、双重非线性荷载系数、线性失稳模态以及最终破坏形态.分析结果表明:双重非线性稳定安全系数相比于线性有较大降低,非线性稳定计算对于特大跨径地锚式悬索桥应成为必需;全桥多尺度模型的线性稳定系数略大于独塔模型,而全桥多尺度模型的非线性荷载系数则反之,简化的独塔模型仅能在一定程度上代表全桥结构计算结果;主塔发生非线性失稳时塔底附近的混凝土主压应力和钢筋应力均达到抗压强度标准值,材料发生屈服导致结构发生失稳;背风侧主塔下塔柱失稳破坏时呈现出典型的压弯破坏形态,迎风侧塔柱失稳破坏时呈现出混凝土压碎区交叉的压弯扭复合受力破坏形态,随着结构薄壁化趋势的发展,工程设计在满足强度要求的同时应更关注稳定性要求.研究结果可为未来特大跨径地锚式悬索桥的设计计算以及简化模型的选取提供参考.     

基于地区温度实测数据的大跨度钢箱梁悬索桥的温致效应研究

基于地区的温度实测数据,采用4种常用的概率分布模型对桥址区不同季节日温度极值分布进行拟合,通过5项拟合指标评价各概率分布模型的拟合优劣,并选取最优概率分布模型.基于最优概率分布模型,进一步推算出桥址区重现期分别为20、50、100 a的温度极大值和极小值.采用ANSYS有限元软件建立某大跨度钢箱梁悬索桥有限元模型,并研...     

大跨度悬索桥一体化节段模型疲劳试验研究

以青草背长江大桥(主跨跨径为788 m)为研究对象,为整体评估主缆-吊杆-钢箱梁一体化结构重要构造细节的疲劳特征,并验证其设计的经济合理及安全耐用性,开展了比例为实桥1:4的节段模型疲劳试验研究.试验结果表明:在设计疲劳荷载作用下,所得的应变位移结果与荷载近似呈一次函数特征,实测位移及应变在加、卸载过程中呈现较好的弹性特征,且应力重分布现象不明显,结构处于弹性变形状态;在节段模型关键构造细节处未发现疲劳开裂,其疲劳性能符合设计要求.通过对节段模型的疲劳试验研究,揭示了结构的疲劳特征和传力途径,试验结果进一步验证了一体化结构的实际抗疲劳能力,具有一定的工程参考意义.     

大跨度上承式拱桥施工监控技术

大跨度上承式拱桥的结构复杂,施工难度大,为保证桥梁施工安全,必须制定合理的施工监控方案.以大同市御河桥为研究对象,选择了7个应力监测断面和56个应变监测点模拟进行桥梁应力及应变的监测,并用有限元理论,模拟了该桥在10个特定工况条件下的受力及变形,分析显示模拟结果与实际情况较为接近.结果表明,御河大桥的监测断面及监测点选择合理,模拟方法合适,御河大桥的监测方案可为其他相似形式桥梁的施工监测提供借鉴.     

大跨度三塔悬索桥非线性静风稳定分析

随着跨径的不断增大,缆索承重桥梁存在静风失稳的可能性.引用大跨度桥梁非线性空气静力稳定分析理论,采用荷载增量与内外两重迭代相结合的方法,在通用软件ANSYS中实现了对大跨度缆索承重桥梁进行非线性静风稳定分析功能.综合考虑几何非线性和静风荷载非线性,对某三塔双主跨悬索桥在不同风攻角下进行了非线性静风稳定全过程分析,分析了结构失稳形态,并探明了其失稳机理.     

大跨度三塔悬索桥非线性静风稳定分析

随着跨径的不断增大,缆索承重桥梁存在静风失稳的可能性。引用大跨度桥梁非线性空气静力稳定分析理论,采用荷载增量与内外两重迭代相结合的方法,在通用软件ANSYS中实现了对大跨度缆索承重桥梁进行非线性静风稳定分析功能。综合考虑几何非线性和静风荷载非线性,对某三塔双主跨悬索桥在不同风攻角下进行了非线性静风稳定全过程分析,分析了结构失稳形态,并探明了其失稳机理。     

大跨度悬索桥桥塔地震纵向损伤特征研究

为对大跨度悬索桥桥塔基于性能的抗震设计提供依据,对大跨度悬索桥桥塔在地震作用下的纵向损伤特征进行初步探究。以某大跨度悬索桥为工程背景,采用大型通用有限元软件ADINA建立地震分析模型,将20条实测地震波沿纵桥向输入,采用IDA方法,对塔中和塔底两个潜在塑性铰区的塑性损伤发展全过程进行逐级观察。结果表明:随着地震等级的增加,塔底和塔中截面的塑性损伤有协同发展趋势,但塔底截面的塑性损伤发展速度远大于塔中,因此最终的桥塔破坏形式为塔底截面破坏而导致的桥塔动力失稳。     

大跨度悬索桥主缆线形及内力计算方法研究

随着悬索桥跨度的增加,几何非线性的影响愈来愈突出,因此如何在结构分析中合理、精确地考虑其影响,具有重要的理论意义和工程价值。本文具体阐述了大跨度悬索桥线形与内力计算所涉及到的成桥、空缆及加劲梁吊装阶段基本原理,并充分考虑了施工过程中主缆的温度修正,在此解析法的基础上编制了悬索桥主缆计算程序SUSP-CABLE,算例表明本文计算方法的正确性,可供广大技术人员参考。     

Temperature gradient and its effect on flat steel box girder of long-span suspension bridge

The temperature field variation law and distribution characteristics of an orthotropic flat steel box girder under sunny conditions were analyzed through a field temperature test on the steel box girder of the operational Runyang Yangtze River Bridge(the suspension bridge part).Function optimization fitting and error analysis of the test data were conducted.A temperature gradient distribution curve applicable to a hexagonal flat steel box girder was proposed.Based on the measurement results,the temperature effect of an orthotropic flat steel box girder was analyzed using finite element method and the effects of different temperature gradient modes on the mechanical characteristics and stress distribution of the steel box girder were compared.Under sunny conditions,heat conduction in the flat steel box girder structure shows distinct "box-room effect" characteristics,and the actual temperature gradient distribution is inconsistent with the one suggested by the existing standards.The thermal stress of a steel box girder calculated from the measured temperature gradient mode exceeds that calculated from the standard,and the intensity approximates that under the action of designed vehicle loads.The temperature-induced stress is distributed centrally near the manufacturing welds of the orthotropic steel box girder,which should be considered in design,construction and research.Results from this study could supplement the existing bridge and culvert design standards.     

大跨径悬索桥索鞍处主缆长度计算方法

为了充分考虑索鞍对主缆长度的影响,兼顾操作便捷性与计算准确性,提出大跨径悬索桥索鞍处主缆长度解析计算方法. 首先,根据主缆与索鞍的几何关系,推导了索鞍处主缆曲线修正算法;然后,利用牛顿-拉菲森迭代法,对所得二元非线性方程组进行求解;最后,选取常见的主索鞍与散索鞍两组算例,验证该方法的可靠性. 结果表明:相比于传统算法,减少了6个方程与6个初始输入参数,表达形式更加明确;仅需输入两个参数,且对参数初始值设置没有严格要求,均可达到快速收敛的效果,增强了其可操作性;迭代次数减少50%,计算时间不足传统算法的10%,大大提高了计算效率,且计算精度可满足工程要求. 所提出的算法可方便地应用于建设期间主缆曲线长度以及索鞍位置的确定,使大跨径悬索桥的施工控制更为精准,进而确保其成桥状态满足设计要求.     

基于SMA阻尼器的大跨斜拉桥最优振动控制分析

提出了SMA阻尼器的一种设计结构,对SMA阻尼器在大跨斜拉桥中的应用进行了研究,通过仿真实验进行了振动控制分析,结果表明,SMA阻尼器性能良好,最优控制策略的有效性,最后给出了进一步研究的方向。     

基于定常吸气方式的大跨桥梁风致颤振抑制方法

以改善桥梁断面空气动力特性,提高大跨桥梁风致颤振稳定性为目的,提出了基于绕流控制原理的定常吸气方法。以我国虎门大桥为研究对象,采用基于计算流体动力学的数值方法模拟来流风与桥梁断面定常吸气共同作用下的桥梁断面绕流风场。采用Scanlan颤振分析方法分析了该桥梁在定常吸气作用下的颤振稳定性。计算结果表明,吸气作用使主流更加贴近壁面,降低了模型扭转运动下的气动扭矩,定常吸气提高了大跨桥梁的风致颤振稳定性。     

Dynamic analysis and modal test of long-span cable-stayed bridge based on ambient excitation

To study the stiffness distribution of girder and the method to identify modal parameters of cable-stayed bridge, a simplified dynamical finite element method model named three beams model was established for the girder with double ribs. Based on the simplified model four stiffness formulae were deduced according to Hamilton principle. These formulae reflect well the contribution of the flexural, shearing, free torsion and restricted torsion deformation, respectively. An identification method about modal parameters was put forward by combining method of peak value and power spectral density according to modal test under ambient excitation. The dynamic finite element method analysis and modal test were carried out in a long-span concrete cable-stayed bridge. The results show that the errors of frequencies between theoretical analysis and test results are less than 10% mostly, and the most important modal parameters for cable-stayed bridge are determined to be the longitudinal floating mode, the first vertical flexural mode and the first torsional mode, which demonstrate that the method of stiffness distribution for three beams model is accurate and method to identify modal parameters is effective under ambient excitation modal test.     

Accurate stress analysis on rigid central buckle of long-span suspension bridges based on submodel method

Runyang Suspension Bridge (RSB) with the main span of 1490 m is the longest bridge in China and the third longest one in the world. In this bridge the rigid central buckle is employed for the first time in the mid-span of the suspension bridge in China. For such a super-long-span bridge, the traditional finite element (FE) modeling technique and stress analysis methods obviously cannot satisfy the needs of conducting accurate stress analysis on the central buckle. In this paper, the submodel method is introduced and for the first time used in analyzing the stresses of the central buckle. After an accurate FE submodel of the central buckle was specially established according to the analysis results from the whole FE model, the connection technique between the two-scale FE models was realized and the accurate stresses of the central buckle under various vehicle load cases were then conducted based on the submodel method. The calculation results were testified to be accurate and reliable by the field measurements, which show the efficiency and reliability of the submodel method on analyzing the mechanical condition of the central buckle of long-span suspension bridges. Finally, the working behavior and mechanical characteristics of the central buckle of the RSB under vehicle loads were analyzed based on the calculation and measurement results. The results obtained in this paper can provide theoretic references for analyzing and designing the rigid central buckle in long-span suspension bridges in future. Supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program (“863” Project) (Grant No. 2006AA04Z416), the Key Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 50538020), the National Natural Science Foundation of China for Young Scholars (Grant No. 50608017) and the Ph.D. Programs Foundation of Ministry of Education of China (Grant No. 200802861012)     

基于柔度曲率差的桥梁健康诊断方法

本文在柔度矩阵基础上,用柔度曲率差为识别指标研究了桥梁结构多位置的健康诊断,并以几种梁式桥为例进行有限元仿真验证。结果表明,柔度曲率差具有良好的坐标指示能力,在损伤位置处,指纹有明显突变,损伤增大突变也相应增加,利用该方法进行梁式桥损伤识别可获得很好的识别精度,采用三次样条函数拟合柔度值的方法可有效解决解决噪声的干扰问题。     

大跨桥梁结构的长周期地震响应分析

以某大跨度斜拉桥为工程背景,采用ANSYS程序建立桥梁结构的三维有限元模型,选用两条典型的长周期地震波,对大跨桥梁结构进行地震反应分析,比较长周期地震波和普通地震波作用下桥梁结构反应的差异,探讨大跨桥梁结构的长周期行波效应问题。