二氧化碳浸渍法对于蓝莓酒香气成分影响研究

采用顶空固相微萃取和气相色谱-质谱联用技术,分析传统法和二氧化碳浸渍法酿造的蓝莓酒中的香气成分,共检测出80种香气物质,其中传统法中检测到61种香气物质,在二氧化碳浸渍10 d、15 d、20 d的蓝莓酒中分别检测到55种、65种、61种香气物质。采用气相色谱峰面积归一定量法计算两种方法所酿造的蓝莓酒香气成分的相对含量,发现两者香气组成差别较大,并且浸渍15 d为宜。二氧化碳浸渍法酿造的蓝莓酒中酯类和萜烯类含量高于传统法,较传统法蓝莓酒更具有清新优雅的特点。     

壳聚糖和酵母甘露聚糖对蓝莓酒单宁特性及品质的影响

为探究壳聚糖和酵母甘露聚糖对蓝莓酒单宁特性、理化指标、香气成分及感官品质的影响。通过比色法测定单宁的含量及平均聚合度,并运用高效液相色谱法（HPLC）和气相色谱-质谱（GC-MS）技术分析蓝莓酒中的有机酸和挥发性香气成分。结果表明,添加多糖后蓝莓酒中单宁的含量和平均聚合度较未添加多糖显著增加（P＜0.05）。酵母甘露聚糖组蓝莓酒中乳酸的含量最高,为1.15 g/L。香气成分GC-MS分析表明,酵母甘露聚糖组的香气成分种类（35种）和质量浓度（205.65 mg/L）均最高,主要是乙酸乙酯、月桂酸乙酯、香茅醇、α-松油醇、苯乙酸、β-大马士酮等物质。感官评价结果表明,酵母甘露聚糖组的涩感最弱,圆润度和香气浓郁度最高。综上可知,添加酵母甘露聚糖比添加壳聚糖更适合蓝莓酒的酿造。     

俄罗斯野生蓝莓引种前后营养成分含量及抗氧化活性的比较分析

为了研究引种栽培对于野生蓝莓营养成分及抗氧化活性的影响,选取俄罗斯阿穆尔州腾达市的野生蓝莓（蓝莓RU）和将该种野生蓝莓经引种栽培让其自然生长于中国黑河市二站乡的野生蓝莓（蓝莓HH）为原料,采用福林酚法、pH示差法、亚硝酸钠-硝酸银比色法和电感耦合等离子体-质谱法（ICP-MS）等方法分析比较了两种蓝莓的活性成分（多酚、花色苷、黄酮）、矿物质元素和糖酸含量,并对水提物和醇提物的抗氧化能力进行了比较。结果表明,蓝莓RU的可溶性固形物、还原糖、多酚含量高于蓝莓HH,但总酸、花色苷、黄酮含量低于蓝莓HH。二者的Ca、Mn、P、Zn、Cr元素含量存在显著差异（P＜0.05）,其他的矿物质元素差异不显著（P＞0.05）。蓝莓RU水提物与醇提物的DPPH自由基清除率和Fe3+还原力高于蓝莓HH,但蓝莓HH的羟基自由基的清除率高于蓝莓RU。     

玉米和高粱小曲酒酿造特性研究对比

在实验室条件下,以玉米和高粱为原料进行小曲酒的酿造,通过对比酿酒原料及酿造过程中理化性质的差异,结合对玉米原料不同的处理工艺,以期改善玉米酿造小曲酒的酒质。结果表明,高粱的粗淀粉含量与玉米差异不显著（P＞0.05）,水分含量显著高于玉米（P＜0.05）。高粱酒样的酒精度显著高于玉米酒样（P＜0.05）;高粱糟醅的酸度、残余淀粉以及其细菌数量显著低于玉米糟醅（P＜0.05）,水分及其酵母菌数量显著高于玉米糟醅（P＜0.05）。对玉米先蒸粮再粉碎能够有效提升玉米酿造的小曲酒酒质,酒样酒精度由14.3%vol提升至24.4%vol,乙酸乙酯的含量由0.2 g/L提升至0.6 g/L。     

橄榄多酚含量测定方法的比较

采用酒石酸铁法、福林酚试剂法和紫外分光光度法3 种方法测定橄榄多酚类物质含量。结果表明： 3 种方法检出限及定量限的顺序为：紫外分光光度法＜福林酚试剂法＜酒石酸铁法,且3 者存在显著性差异 （P＜ 0 . 0 5）。3 种方法回收率顺序为：酒石酸铁法＞福林酚试剂法＞紫外分光光度法,但差异不显著 （P＞0.05）,这3 种方法都具有良好的重复性。利用福林酚试剂法与紫外分光光度法测得的多酚含量显著高于酒 石酸铁法（P＜0.01）,其中福林酚试剂法测得的多酚含量略高于紫外分光光度法,但差异不显著（P＞0.05）。同 时,各方法测得的多酚含量存在良好的线性关系。实验证明紫外分光光度法灵敏度高、重复性好,且操作简单、快 速、经济,是一种较理想的测定橄榄多酚的方法。     

富硒蓝莓全果果酒发酵工艺优化及抗氧化活性研究

以酵母JK10酿造蓝莓果酒为对照,以富硒酵母酿造富硒蓝莓全果果酒。通过单因素试验及正交试验优化富硒蓝莓全果果酒发酵工艺,考察其体外抗氧化活性,并对各检测指标进行相关性分析。结果表明,蓝莓全果果酒最佳发酵工艺为：富硒酵母接种量4.5%、初始糖度22°Bx,初始pH 4.0。在此优化条件下,富硒蓝莓全果果酒感官评分和酒精度分别达到88.12分、13.23%vol,硒含量、总多酚、总黄酮、总花色苷含量分别为21.43 mg/L、1 256.28 mg/L、268.23 mg/L、19.56 mg/L,其对1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼（DPPH）、2,2’-联氮双（3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸）二铵盐（ABTS）、羟自由基的清除率分别为72.43%、53.47%、82.16%,均显著高于对照（P<0.05）。总多酚、总黄酮、总花色苷与硒呈显著正相关（P<0.05）,硒、总多酚、总黄酮、总花色苷与清除自由基活性呈显著正相关（P<0.05）。     

微波处理对胡柚皮酚酸、黄烷酮糖苷含量及抗氧化性的影响

目的研究微波处理对胡柚皮中酚酸、黄烷酮糖苷含量及其抗氧化能力的影响.方法高效液相结合紫外-可见光二极管阵列检测器测定胡柚皮中7种主要酚酸和4种黄烷酮糖苷含量;分别采用福林酚法、ABTS法和FRAP法对胡柚皮提取液的抗氧化能力进行评价.结果微波处理后,游离酚酸部分增加(P＜0.05),但总酚酸含量减少(P＜0.05),且总黄烷酮糖苷含量也有所减少(P＜0.05);微波处理可以提高其抗氧化能力(P＜0.05).其原因是自由酚酸部分增加;黄烷酮糖苷分解为对应的抗氧化能力更强的黄烷酮糖苷配基.结论微波处理可以显著提高胡柚皮的抗氧化能力.     

酚酸及有机酸辅色对山楂酒贮藏期品质的影响

为了解决山楂酒在贮藏期色泽丢失品质下降的问题,本实验通过构建模拟体系,从8种酚酸及有机酸中选出辅色能力较强的3种酸,通过CIELab颜色系统以及对色度色调、多酚、花色苷及黄酮的测定,综合评价了三种酚酸及有机酸对模拟体系(0～30 d)和发酵山楂酒(贮藏时间0～120 d)的影响。结果表明：不同酚酸及有机酸的处理辅色效果不同,模拟体系中不同酚酸及有机酸处理在CIELab颜色系统中对酒体的L^*、a^*、b^*、C_ab^*和h_ab以及色度色调均有较好的作用,阿魏酸和香草酸处理的酒体总酚含量较对照组分别提高了18.00%和20.88%,经对羟基苯甲酸和香草酸处理的模拟体系中花色苷的含量,较对照组分别提高了17.27%和15.74%。在发酵山楂酒贮藏期间,对羟基苯甲酸能显著提高色度(P<0.05),经阿魏酸和香草酸处理的发酵酒总酚含量较对照组分别提高了37.42%和34.44%,经香草酸和对羟基苯甲酸处理的发酵酒花色苷含量较对照组提高了22.93%和6.92%。表明...     

吉林靖宇地区4个蓝莓品种酿酒特性研究

为探究吉林靖宇地区“北陆”“、普蓝51号”“、美登”“、北春”4个蓝莓品种的酿酒特性,对其3个形态指标、9个理化指标进行测定,运用相关性分析与主成分分析（PCA）方法对蓝莓酿酒特性进行综合评价。结果表明,不同品种间各项指标存在差异与相关性“,北春”果粒稍小,可溶性固形物和单宁含量显著高于其他3个品种（P<0.05）、总酸含量显著低于其他3个品种（P<0.05）,固酸比最高,达到52.2。对蓝莓果实及酒指标进行主成分分析,影响酒质的主要指标依次为果实总酸、酒单宁、果实可溶性固形物、酒总花色苷及酒总酸含量5个指标,对不同蓝莓品种酿酒品质相关性状进行综合得分分析并进行排名,表明蓝莓品种“北春”得分最高,酿造的酒品质最好。     

蓝莓酒发酵过程中酚类物质动态变化及其抗氧化活性研究

以兔眼蓝莓为对象,研究其发酵过程中酚类物质和抗氧化活性的变化。结果表明:蓝莓酒发酵过程中,总酚、总黄酮和花色苷含量以及铁还原力、DPPH自由基清除率和羟自由基清除率呈先增加后减少的趋势;颜色分析显示L*值先增加后减少,后酵阶段波动上升,a*值逐渐上升,后酵期间波动下降,a*值变化正相关于花色苷含量的变化,b*值变化正相关于总酚、总黄酮含量的变化;蓝莓酒发酵过程中p-羟基苯甲酸未检出,香草酸含量显著上升(p0.05),而没食子酸、原儿茶酸、龙胆酸、绿原酸、咖啡酸、丁香酸、p-香豆酸、阿魏酸、芥子酸等9种酚酸含量主发酵期间均显著上升(p0.05),发酵结束时含量均显著下降(p0.05),但显著高于各自初始含量(p0.05),对羟基苯甲酸、对羟基肉桂酸和总酚酸含量均呈先增加后减少的趋势。     

CO2浸渍毛葡萄酒香气成分的GC/MS分析

为研究CO2浸渍工艺对干红毛葡萄酒香气成分的影响,采用仪器辅助液液萃取方式提取传统工艺和CO2浸渍工艺酿造的干红毛葡萄酒中的香气成分,并进行气相色谱/质谱(GC/MS)联机分析.结果表明:2种葡萄酒中共鉴定出48种香气化合物,主要为醇类、酯类、酸类和酚类物质等,其中传统葡萄酒中鉴定出32种,而CO2浸渍葡萄酒中鉴定出41种.和传统葡萄酒相比,CO2浸渍酒中仅有酸类物质的含量发生轻微下降,其他物质(如醇类、酯类和酚类等)的含量以及香气物质的总含量都表现出不同程度的上升.综合来看,CO2浸渍工艺酿造的干红毛葡萄酒的香气质量比传统工艺酿造的葡萄酒要好.     

CO2浸渍法酿造两性花毛葡萄NW196葡萄酒的研究

为研究CO2浸渍法对两性花毛葡萄NW196葡萄酒品质的影响,试验采用高效液相色谱等方法测定了传统工艺和CO2浸渍工艺酿造的NW196葡萄酒中化学成分的含量.结果表明,和传统工艺相比,CO2浸渍工艺酿造的NW196葡萄酒中总酸、单宁、花色素苷和主要单体酚等成分的含量较低,这为改善该葡萄酒品质提供了新的思路.     

富硒蓝莓全果果酒体外消化特性研究

为分析富硒蓝莓全果果酒的体外消化特性,以非富硒酵母发酵蓝莓全果果酒为对照,对两种果酒在模拟胃肠液消化前后的总多酚含量、抗氧化活性、α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性及酚酸含量进行测定。结果表明,两种果酒在模拟胃肠液消化后总多酚含量、抗氧化活性、α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性均有所下降,3.0 h模拟胃液及1.0 h模拟肠液消化后富硒蓝莓全果果酒中总多酚含量是对照的1.28倍,对1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼（DPPH）、2,2’-联氮双（3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸）二铵盐（ABTS）、超氧阴离子（O2-）自由基清除率及对α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性分别是对照的1.27倍、1.85倍、1.07倍、1.18倍。富硒蓝莓全果果酒经模拟胃肠液消化后主要的酚酸为没食子酸（0.98μg/mL）、绿原酸（0.11μg/mL）、芦丁（0.17μg/mL）。富硒蓝莓全果果酒较对照在模拟胃肠液消化后具有更高的抗氧化、抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶活性,具有更强的生物活性。     

Vinification Effects on Changes in Volatile Compounds of Wine

Alcohols, esters and fatty acids in wines from red, rose and carbonic maceration of Monastrell grapes were measured during yeast fermentation. Isolated volatile compounds were analyzed by gas chromatography alone and with-mass spectrometry. Increases in these compounds was most important during the first days of fermentation and concentrations varied between vinifications. The lower fermentation temperature and shorter skin contact time of rose vinification produced higher concentrations of esters and acids than in red wine. The intracellular fermentation in carbonic maceration vinification resulted in formation of almost all esters and fatty acids before alcoholic fermentation started. The final wine was closer to rose than red wine in aromatic composition.     

Phenolic compounds and colour stability of Vinhão wines: Influence of wine-making protocol and fining agents

The purpose of this work is to study the evolution, over three selected harvests, of phenolic compounds and colour stability of red wines produced in the north of Portugal by means of two wine-making processes (conventional maceration/fermentation and fermentation after initial carbonic maceration), with and without the use of four different fining agents (polyvinylpolypyrrolidine, gelatine, egg albumin, and casein). In general, it was observed that wines obtained by conventional maceration/fermentation (PO) present the highest colour intensity and polyphenolic content (total and monomeric anthocyanins, flavan-3-ol monomers and polymers), and the lowest orange–red hue, immediately following vinification. Nevertheless, carbonic maceration (CM) afforded wines with most stability in colour density, for 26 months’ storage. Different evolutions of anthocyanins and of flavan-3-ol monomers (catechins) and polymers (procyanidins) in PO and CM protocols during storage were observed. Decrease of anthocyanins and flavan-3-ol dimmers were, in general, more remarkable in PO wines. Monomers and trimers underwent a rise, especially in CM wines. Wines treated with fining agents tended to have somewhat lower anthocyanins levels, and especially in the case of PVPP, less intense colouration than untreated wines. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that catechins and some procyanidins are mainly responsible for the separation and evolution of wines during storage according polyphenolic composition. Partial least squares (PLS) regression models confirm that colour density in wines from PO and CM protocols explains a high proportion of the variance in hue, chemical age, IFC and anthocyanins and a prediction model has been built.     

Changes in phenolic composition of Tinta Miúda red wines after 2 years of ageing in bottle: effect of winemaking technologies

The major phenolic compounds (catechins, oligomeric and polymeric proanthocyanidins, and anthocyanins) in Tinta Miúda red wines made by various winemaking technologies (i.e., fermentation with carbonic maceration, fermentation with stem contact and fermentation without stem contact) were analyzed after 2 years of ageing in bottle, and compared with the data on their younger state (i.e., at the time of bottling). The concentrations of all individual phenolic compounds analyzed were significantly changed and their degradation rates (percent of decrease) were highly dependent on the winemaking technology used. The degradation of anthocyanins was, in general, more remarkable than that of catechins and proanthocyanidins. Catechins and proanthocyanidins in carbonic maceration wine appeared more stable than in skin fermentation wines, during ageing in bottle.     

Characterization of Polish Wines Produced from the Multispecies Hybrid and Vitis vinifera L. Grapes

Phenolic profile, antioxidant activity, and color parameters of Polish wines, produced from the multispecies hybrid and Vitis vinifera L. grapes were analyzed. A principal component analysis was applied, in order to differentiate the investigated wines in terms of content of phenolic compounds. The white wines turned out to be similar to each other in terms of color parameters and the results of principal component analysis, while the red wines strongly differed in this respect. However, the white wine produced from the multispecies hybrid grapes contained a higher level of phenolic acids and flavonoids, as compared to the white wines obtained from the hybrid cultivars. Out of the red wines, Rondo wine, produced from the multispecies hybrid grapevine was the richest in total phenolic and phenolic acids content. Caffeic acid and quercetin were the predominant phenolics in majority of the wines tested.     

Influence of skin maceration time on the proanthocyanidin content of red wines

This paper studies the influence of different maceration times (5, 10 and 20?days) during the elaboration of Monastrell, Syrah and Cabernet Sauvignon wines on the proanthocyanidin composition and sensory characteristics of the resulting wines. Significant differences were found between wines elaborated with different maceration times. The different maceration times affected the qualitative and quantitative proanthocyanidin composition of the resulting wines, the total proanthocyanidin content increasing with the maceration time. The percentage of skin-derived proanthocyanidins was always higher than that of seed-derived proanthocyanidins for all the maceration time assayed, although the contribution of seed proanthocyanidins to wine composition increased for the longest maceration time. However, the study also shows that differences exist between wines elaborated with the same maceration time but with different varieties, indicating the importance of two factors, the initial concentration of grape phenolic compounds and their extractability, on the final concentration of wine proanthocyanidins. In this way, the wines obtained from Syrah had the highest proanthocyanidin content compared with the corresponding wines from Cabernet Sauvignon or Monastrell, even though Syrah grapes presented the lowest proanthocyanidin content in skins and similar seed proanthocyanidin content to Cabernet and Monastrell grapes.     

Evolution of polyphenolic compounds in red wine from Cabernet Sauvignon grapes processed by pulsed electric fields during aging in bottle

The evolution of the Folin–Ciocalteu index, colour intensity and the principal individual polyphenols throughout 12 months of aging in bottles of red wine from Cabernet Sauvignon grapes treated and untreated by pulsed electric fields (PEF) have been compared. PEF technology allowed bottling of wines with higher Folin–Ciocalteu index, colour intensity and individual polyphenols concentrations using a shorter maceration time. For both wines, aging did not affect the colour intensity, whereas the Folin–Ciocalteu index decreased. The evolution of the principal individual polyphenols during the 12 months of storage followed a similar pattern in both wines. At the end of aging, there were no significant differences observed in the content of monomeric anthocyanins between both wines, however, the content of flavan-3-ols, flavonols and hydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives was higher in PEF treated wine. These results indicate that PEF could be a suitable technology for obtaining wines with higher phenolic content or reducing the maceration time during vinification.