Anisotropy of Fatigue Behavior and Tensile Behavior of 5A06 Aluminum Alloy Based on Infrared Thermography

The fatigue behavior during high cycle fatigue testing and the tensile behavior of 5A06 aluminum alloy considering the anisotropy were studied.Two types of specimens including longitudinal specimen(parallel to the rolling direction) and transverse specimen(perpendicular to the rolling direction) were prepared.Infrared thermography was employed to monitor the temperature evolution during the fatigue and tensile tests.The temperature evolution curves in the two directions were contrastively analyzed.It is found that the temperature evolution during fatigue process possesses four stages:initial temperature rise stage,slow temperature decline stage,rapid temperature rise stage,and finial temperature decline stage.The heat generating mechanisms of the four stages are discussed.Obvious differences can be found between the longitudinal specimen and transverse specimen in fatigue strength and fatigue life.The fatigue strength and fatigue life of longitudinal specimen are higher than those of transverse specimen.During the tensile and fatigue testing process,the fracture temperature in the transverse direction are higher than that in the longitudinal direction.The fatigue strength prediction by means of infrared thermography has a good consistency with that by the traditional method.     

Ce对Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Sc合金组织和力学性能的影响

为了研究Ce元素对T6态Al-7.5Zn-2Mg-2.3Cu-0.1Sc合金显微组织和力学性能的影响,通过改变合金中Ce元素的添加量,采用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜和电子万能实验机对合金的显微组织、拉伸断口形貌和力学性能进行了研究.结果表明,加入质量分数为0.2%的Ce元素可以显著细化Al-7.5Zn-2Mg-2.3Cu-0.1Sc合金的铸态和T6态显微组织.在合金的T6处理过程中随着时效时间的增加,合金硬度和抗拉强度均先增加后降低,合金的硬度和抗拉强度峰值分别为216 HB和681.7 MPa,合金最高屈服强度为638.2 MPa.合金拉伸断口呈韧脆混合断裂特征.     

Dynamic response and failure behavior of rock under static-dynamic loading

Dynamic response and failure behavior of rock under static-dynamic loading were studied. The effects of initial static load on the total energy dissipated during the failure process of specimen were analyzed. To simulate the engineering situation that in-situ rock experienced and obtain the dynamic loading with an intermediate strain rate, a low cycle fatigue load with the frequency from 0.5 to 5 Hz was adopted by servo-controlled Instron material testing system. The results show that the obtained strain rate increase with the increase of load frequency. The initial static load has great influence on both the energy and dynamic response of rock. Both the energy and the maximum failure load Pf decreases with the increase of initial static load. Pf under the static-dynamic loading is larger than that under only the static loading but less than that under only the dynamic loading. The load-displacement curves become nonlinear as the pre-added static load reaches the transition point which is about one third of static strength. With the increase of initial static load, Young‘s modulus decreases and poisson ratio increases. It shows that rock has a lower strength and a tendency to soften under a higher initial static load. Rock may be broken more easily static-dynamic loading than under only the dynamic loading. The proposed method is useful in the investigation of constitutive relationship and failure behavior of rock under quasi-dynamic loading.     

GH80A镍合金电子束焊接接头旋转弯曲高周疲劳行为研究

随着镍合金电子束焊接在工业中的大量应用,尤其是在航空发动机和燃气轮机等关键长寿命服役设备中的使用,有必要对镍合金电子束焊接接头的高周疲劳属性和断裂机理进行系统的分析研究。本文利用旋转弯曲高周疲劳试验机进行疲劳试验,获得了母材和焊接接头的应力-寿命(S-N)曲线和疲劳断口,同时利用扫描电镜（Scanning Electron Microscope,SEM）对疲劳断口进行了微观特征分析,确定了母材和焊接接头在不同应力幅下的疲劳裂纹萌生区和扩展区,分析了裂纹萌生区位置与应力幅的相互关系。最后,利用有限元分析了焊接接头热影响区微裂纹位置与大小对材料疲劳性能的影响。从现有的试验和模拟结果可以得到：1)母材和电子束焊接接头应力-寿命(S-N)曲线分布趋势一致,但焊接接头疲劳强度要低于母材,在靠近107周次时,两者疲劳强度差距最小;2)在高应力幅（低周疲劳寿命阶段）母材和焊接接头的疲劳裂纹均起源于试件表面并且都是多点萌生断裂,焊接接头疲劳断口位置位于焊接熔合区或热影响区;3)在低应力幅（高周疲劳寿命阶段）疲劳裂纹在试件次表面萌生,焊接接头疲劳断口位于热影响区或焊接母材靠近热影响区处;4) 通过有限元模拟发现微裂纹的存在有利于裂纹的扩展。在拉应力作用下,横向微裂纹更优于纵向裂纹沿着应力方向进行裂纹扩展;随着微裂纹尺寸增大,微裂纹间更易于相互贯通,形成更长的裂纹,从而降低了材料的疲劳性能。综上可知,电子束焊接仅仅影响材料的疲劳强度。疲劳断裂机理和母材一致都为穿晶解理断裂,疲劳裂纹萌生区域位置也和母材一样都受应力幅的直接影响。     

钨铬合金白口铸铁的外约束型热 疲劳特性

为开发钨铬合金白口铸铁轧辊的新型材料，对在外约束条件下的热疲劳行为进行了研究。结果表明：影响其外约束热疲劳抗力的主要因素是屈服温主工和强度，屈服温度越高，屈服强度越大，热疲劳抗力直工大；     

动载荷滑动轴承的疲劳试验研究

对国产载重汽车发动机常用的巴氏合金轴瓦进行了疲劳强度试验研究．根据试验得出的数据，应用数理统计方法，拟合出了试验轴承在不同置信度和可靠度下的疲劳寿命曲线及疲劳极限应力．为轴承的疲劳强度设计提供了可靠的基础数据．     

双金属活塞堆焊工艺参数研究

在灰口铸铁液压油缸活塞基体外圆用火焰堆焊Cu合金的研究过程中，采用正交试验法得出堆焊工艺参数。对影响焊接质量的因素预热温度T、火焰气氛性质Q及焊材中的Al含量和Fe含量进行分组试验。在堆焊层的缺陷敏感性上具体考查熔舍、裂纹、白口、气孔、夹渣等5项指标；在机械性能上考查抗拉强度与硬度2项指标。通过综合考虑缺陷与硬度2项指标以确定该工艺的工艺参数匹配关系与选择范围。     

伸张疲劳对未填充顺丁橡胶/反式-1,4-聚异戊二烯并用硫化胶结构和性能的影响

研究伸张疲劳对顺丁橡胶(BR)及不同配比BR/反式-1,4-聚异戊二烯(TPI)并用硫化胶的拉伸性能、交联结构及形变能密度的影响。结果表明,BR并用TPI以后,硫化胶力学性能明显改善,但交联密度降低;在伸张疲劳初期,随着疲劳次数的增加,BR的拉伸强度、交联密度及形变能密度变化不明显,而BR/TPI并用硫化胶的拉伸强度、交联密度及形变能密度呈现上升趋势,当TPI并用量少于30份时,BR/TPI并用硫化胶在疲劳60万次时,拉伸强度、交联密度和形变能密度均达到最大值。     

zn含量对Mg一0．6Zr合金力学性能及阻尼性能的影响

采用金相分析、拉伸试验、动态机械热分析等方法研究了不同含量zn对Mg一0．6Zr合金力学性能及阻尼性能的影响．结果表明,加入微量zn后,Mg一0．6Zr合金的强度和伸长率都得到提高,且强度随zn含量的增加而增大,而伸长率而随zn含量的增加变化不大;阻尼性能有所降低,且随zn含量的增加而降低,这是由晶粒细化和溶质原子增多所导致的结果．     

Fatigue property of basalt fiber-modified asphalt mixture under complicated environment

The fatigue property of asphalt mixtures under complicated environment （low-temperature bending performance, chloride penetration, freezing-thawing cycle and their coupling effect） and the improvement effect for relevant property of basalt fiber-reinforcing asphalt mixture under complicated environment are studied. Two grading types of asphalt mixtures, AC-16I and AC-13I, are chosen, whose optimum asphalt-aggregate ratio and optimum dosage of basalt fiber are determined by the Marshall test. The standard specimens are made firstly, and then the low temperature bending tests of asphalt mixture and basalt fiber-reinforced asphalt mixture under the coupling effect of the chloride erosion and freezing-thawing cycle have been carried out. Finally, the fatigue property tests of asphalt mixture and basalt fiber-reinforced asphalt mixture under complex environment are performed on MTS material testing system. The results indicate that the tensile strength, the maximum curving tensile stress, the curving stiffness modulus, and fatigue properties of asphalt mixture are influenced by the coupling effect of the chloride erosion and freezing-thawing cycle. The low-temperature bending performance and fatigue property of asphalt mixtures under complicated environment can be greatly improved by adding moderate basalt fiber. The dense gradation asphalt mixture possesses stronger ability to resist adverse environmental effects under the same condition.     

退火态及马氏体态Zr-Nb合金拉伸性能分析

为研究马氏体对锆合金拉伸性能的影响,采用静态环向拉伸试验方法对退火态及马氏体状态的Zr-Nb合金核燃料包壳管在室温和400℃下的环向拉伸性能进行了研究,并对拉伸断口进行了微观形貌的观察.结果表明：室温和400℃相比,马氏体状态的Zr-Nb合金相比退火态Zr-Nb合金强度高,韧性好,退火态Zr-Nb合金的局部塑性变形较大;从微观上看退火态和马氏体态Zr-Nb合金室温与400℃的拉伸断裂后均呈现微孔聚集型韧性断裂.     

超声振动载荷下LY12合金的超高周疲劳性能研究

简述了超声疲劳试验原理，通过有限元计算及动态模态分析方法，研究了试件在振动过程中应力和振动位移的分布。应用超声疲劳试验技术研究了LY12合金在超声振动载荷(f=20kHz，R=-1)下的超高周疲劳性能。与常规疲劳载荷(f=30Hz)的疲劳性能做了对比分析。结果表明，在10^5～10^7周次之间，超声疲劳与常规疲劳载荷下的试验结果一致，在10^7～10^9周次之间，曲线仍有下降趋势，而未呈现水平。从扫描电镜分析10^7～10^9周之间发生疲劳断裂的试件发现：(1)多数试件的疲劳破坏源于试件表面缺陷；(2)对于一些无明显表面缺陷的试件，在超高周循环下，疲劳破坏会从试件次表面处发生。超高周循环下，表面缺陷和材料内部缺陷都会引起疲劳破坏。     

混凝土单轴动态抗拉特性的试验研究

在应用过程中,混凝土结构肯定要受到动态荷载的作用,而混凝土材料的动态力学特性与静态情况下有非常大的区别.为了考察动态荷载作用下混凝土的抗拉特性,本文应用MTS试验机,对C40混凝土在应变速率为10-5/s～10-2/s范围内进行单轴动态拉伸试验,系统研究了不同应变速率下混凝土的抗拉强度、弹性模量、峰值应变等抗拉力学特性,并分析了应变速率对混凝土抗拉强度、弹性模量等的影响规律.试验结果表明:混凝土抗拉强度、弹性模量会随应变速率的增加而增加,泊松比离散性比较大,规律不明显,动态受拉应力应变曲线与静态相似.这些成果可以为混凝土的结构设计提供技术参数.     

压力和振动对锌合金凝固成形的影响

锌合金是一种高性能的环保材料,在替代铜合金方面具有很大潜力。为了进一步提高锌合金凝同后的铸造外形质量和力学性能,从现有的实验条件出发,在锌合金凝固的过程中,利用氮气对锌合金的凝固进行压力处理,并且在此基础上增加机械振动处理。待材料凝固后,对铸件进行宏观组织观察和拉伸实验,并进行数据分析。实验结果表明：相对于常规条件下的凝固,锌合金在压力和机械振动条件下凝固所得到铸件在宏观组织上的质量得到有效提高,金属外表面气孔和缩松的程度变小,通过对铸件外观的观察分析可初步判断内部组织的质鼍得到提高。     

Q345B母材及其焊接接头的低周疲劳行为

对Q345B及其光滑焊接接头的低周疲劳行为进行了试验研究.采用轴向对称应变控制方法,保持恒定应变速率为0.005 s-1,在0.3％～0.7％的应变范围内,在电液伺服疲劳试验机上测定了Q345B及其光滑焊接接头的低周循环应力响应特征、应变-寿命、应变-能量关系,并进行了对比分析.结果显示,Q345B母材在应变幅度低于和高于0.4％时分别呈现明显的循环软化和硬化现象,而焊接接头出现显著的硬化现象.与母材相比,焊接接头的低周转变寿命、疲劳强度和疲劳寿命明显减小.通过试验数据确定了Q345母材及其焊接接头Coflin-Manson关系的合理参数,建立了应变幅度-疲劳寿命及能量-寿命关系式.力学不均匀性引起的循环硬化趋势增加是导致焊接接头低周疲劳性能减低的主要原因.     

Dynamic tensile behaviour and crack propagation of coal under coupled static-dynamic loading

The fracture behaviour and crack propagation features of coal under coupled static-dynamic loading conditions are important when evaluating the dynamic failure of coal. In this study, coupled static-dynamic loading tests are conducted on Brazilian disc(BD) coal specimens using a modified split Hopkinson pressure bar(SHPB). The effects of the static axial pre-stress and loading rate on the dynamic tensile strength and crack propagation characteristics of BD coal specimens are studied. The average dynamic indirect tensile strength of coal specimens increases first and then decreases with the static axial pre-stress increasing. When no static axial pre-stress is applied, or the static axial pre-stress is 30% of the static tensile strength, the dynamic indirect tensile strength of coal specimens shows an increase trend as the loading rate increases. When the static axial pre-stress is 60% of the static tensile strength, the dynamic indirect tensile strength shows a fluctuant trend as the loading rate increases. According to the crack propagation process of coal specimens recorded by high-speed camera, the impact velocity influences the mode of crack propagation, while the static axial pre-stress influences the direction of crack propagation. The failure of coal specimens is a coupled tensile-shear failure under high impact velocity.When there is no static axial pre-stress, tensile cracks occur in the vertical loading direction. When the static axial pre-stress is applied, the number of cracks perpendicular to the loading direction decreases,and more cracks occur in the parallel loading direction.     

Experimental and numerical investigations on the tensile mechanical behavior of marbles containing dynamic damageOA

To investigate the degradation mechanism of static tensile mechanical behaviors of marble containing dynamic damage, multiple impact loading tests were performed on the disc marble samples, and then static Brazilian tests were conducted for the damaged samples. Besides, coupling modeling technology of finite difference method(FDM)—discrete element method(DEM) was used to carry out the numerical investigation. The results show that after multiple impacts, more white patches appear on the surface,...     

动态时效对Al-Cu-Mg-Ag合金组织与力学性能的影响

对Al-Cu-Mg-Ag新型耐热铝合金进行预时效+中温轧制变形+终时效的动态时效工艺处理,采用硬度测试、拉伸性能测试,结合金相显微组织分析和透射电子显微分析,探究动态时效对其力学性能与微观组织的影响。结果表明：动态时效能够提高合金的时效硬化速率,随着变形量的增大,合金的峰时效时间逐渐减小,峰值硬度逐渐增大。动态时效能够改变晶粒形貌,随着变形量的增大,晶粒的纵横比增大,位错数量增多,强化相数量增多尺寸减小,使得合金强度随着变形量的增大而逐渐增大,但伸长率逐渐减小。变形量为50%合金的强度最高,抗拉强度和屈服强度最大,分别为527.4 MPa和467.0 MPa,伸长率保持在较高值9.1%。     

Thermo-plasticity of high-strength and high-ductility 7050 aluminum ingot

Thermo-plasticity of homogenized 7050 aluminum ingot was investigated by instantaneous tensile tests conducted at different temperatures. The results show that, with the increase of testing temperatures, the strength decreases, and the plasticity increases firstly and then decreases in homogenized 7050 ingot. When the studied alloy is deformed between 380 °C and 420 °C, the deformation resistance is lower and plasticity is better. And the actual heating temperature for ingot before hot extrusion should be controlled between 360 °C and 400 °C. At low tensile temperatures, the deformation structure is mainly composed of dislocation substructure. With the increase of testing temperatures, transgranular fracture transforms into intergranular fracture progressively during deformation. At high tensile temperatures, the grain boundaries are weakened, deformation is concentrated at the grain boundaries and the re-orientation of equilibrium phases at grain boundaries appears.     

玻璃陶瓷(MACOR)拉伸强度率相关性的研究

掌握玻璃陶瓷MACOR的拉伸性能,对于其在航空航天、国防和其它工程中的应用,以及材料科学本身而言具有重要价值。本文使用巴西圆盘实验方法研究了加载速率对MACOR拉伸强度的影响。静态实验是在MTS试验机上完成的,动态实验是在6.35mmSHPB实验装置中完成的。脉冲整形技术被用于实现试件两端力的动态平衡,以消除惯性效应的影响,从而实现准静态应力分析。实验结果表明MACOR的拉伸强度与加载率相关,拉伸强度作为加载率的函数,当加载速率从0增加到5780GPa/s时,MACOR的拉伸强度从26MPa增大到50MPa。