不同初始状态软黏土在主应力轴耦合旋转下的孔压及3维变形规律

土体在受波浪、地震及交通荷载等荷载作用时,其相应的应力状态较为复杂,因此,在实际工程中偏应力和主应力轴方位角同时变化的情况普遍存在.目前,关于这种应力条件下原状软黏土的物理力学特性的研究尚处于起步阶段.主应力轴耦合旋转是指在主应力轴方向旋转的同时,偏应力不断增大,平均主应力、中主应力系数均保持不变.为研究主应力轴耦合旋...     

考虑软化特性的软黏土动应力-应变关系研究

针对在地震、波浪、交通等循环荷载的作用下饱和软黏土残余孔隙水压力上升，从而导致软黏土刚度、强度发生软化的这种现象，对循环荷载作用下考虑循环软化特性的饱和软黏土动应力-应变进行了研究.以往的研究大多忽略初始偏应力对软黏土循环软化及动应力 应变关系的影响.通过对萧山正常固结饱和软黏土进行应力控制的循环三轴试验，研究了循环次数、循环应力水平、初始偏应力对饱和软黏土刚度软化及应力 应变关系的影响.试验结果表明，随着循环次数的增加，土体刚度逐渐减小；循环应力水平的提高和初始偏应力的施加都将加快刚度软化和累计塑性应变的发展，从而加速土体的破坏.同时，在试验的基础上推导了反映土体刚度软化规律的经验公式，利用该公式并结合修正的Masing准则对软黏土的动应力-应变关系进行描述.     

地铁隧道基底饱水风化软岩动力特性试验研究

为探究在列车长期循环荷载作用下地铁隧道基底风化软岩的累积塑性应变变化规律,以南昌地铁基底泥质粉砂岩为研究对象,开展不同风化程度饱水泥质粉砂岩在动应力比、静偏应力比、围压和频率等工况的室内动三轴试验,研究在不同影响因素下饱水风化泥质粉砂岩的动力变形特性规律。结果表明：在不同影响因素下,全、中风化泥质粉砂岩累积应变分别在加载1 000、100次开始趋于稳定;全风化泥质粉砂岩的临界动应力比在0.3~0.4之间;与不同动应力比和静偏应力比情况相比,改变围压和频率对两种风化泥质粉砂岩累积应变影响不大;通过分析试验结果数据,提出考虑加载次数、动应力比等因素的累积塑性应变数学模型。     

飞机荷载作用下超载预压软土地基的长期沉降

为了研究超载预压地基在飞机荷载作用下的长期沉降,通过对温州淤泥质黏土进行室内循环三轴试验,建立饱和软黏土的累积塑性应变模型和累积孔压模型.利用层状弹性理论计算地基中的动偏应力,结合已建立的经验模型得到在交通荷载作用下软土地基的累积塑性应变和孔压消散应变.采用分层总和法计算飞机荷载作用下温州机场跑道超载预压地基的长期累积沉降,将计算沉降值与实测沉降值进行对比,验证了饱和超固结土不排水累积塑性应变模型和累积孔压模型的合理性.     

循环荷载下软黏土回弹和累积变形特性

针对交通荷载循环应力水平低、循环次数大的特点,利用英国GDS公司生产的振动三轴仪在不同固结围压、不同循环应力比下对温州原状饱和软黏土进行了大周数（50 000次）不排水循环加载试验,研究了循环应力比对饱和软黏土应力-应变曲线、回弹模量和累积应变的影响.研究表明：循环应力比对饱和软黏土应力-应变曲线的形状及其发展规律影响明显.相应地,随着循环应力比的增大,回弹模量的衰减程度加大,达到稳定所需的循环次数增多.通过对50 000次循环后的回弹模量和累积应变进行分析,发现循环应力比在0.60-0.70是一个临界应力水平,当循环应力比大于该水平时,回弹模量不随循环应力比的变化而改变,达到“渐近线刚度”;而累积应变则开始迅速增长,变得不稳定.     

饱和软粘土的流变和循环流变试验研究

分别对上海淤泥质饱和软粘土进行了长期流变和循环流变试验,得出其在不同围压、不同偏压和不同动应力作用下的变形规律。结果显示,围压相同时,偏压比大,试样的流变变形大,而偏压比相同时,围压大,流变变形也大;循环流变试验总体规律和流变试验相同,但经过一个循环加载阶段之后,随后的流变变形则很小。这些结论对今后软土地区高速公路、铁路和地铁建设提供一些帮助。     

Experimental study on permanent deformation characteristics of coarse-grained soil under repeated dynamic loading

Practical assessment of subgrade settlement induced by train operation requires developing suitable models capable of describing permanent deformation characteristics of subgrade filling under repeated dynamic loading. In this paper, repeated load triaxial tests were performed on coarse-grained soil (CGS), and the axial permanent strain of CGS under different confining pressures and dynamic stress amplitudes was analysed. Permanent deformation behaviors of CGS were categorized based on the variation trend of permanent strain rate with accumulated permanent strain and the shakedown theory. A prediction model of permanent deformation considering stress state and number of load cycles was established, and the ranges of parameters for different types of dynamic behaviors were also divided. The results indicated that the variational trend of permanent strain rate with accumulated permanent strain can be used as a basis for classifying dynamic behaviors of CGS. The stress state (confining pressure and dynamic stress amplitude) has significant effects on the permanent strain rate. The accumulative characteristics of permanent deformation of CGS with the number of load cycles can be described by a power function, and the model parameters can reflect the influence of confining pressure and dynamic stress amplitude. The study’s results could help deepen understanding of the permanent deformation characteristics of CGS.

     

Mechanical property and permeability of raw coal containing methane under unloading confining pressure

Based on domestic-developed triaxial servo-controlled seepage equipment for thermal–hydrological–mechanical coupling of coal containing methane, an experimental study was carried out to investigate mechanical property and gas permeability of raw coal, under the situation of conventional triaxial compression and unloading confining pressure tests in different gas pressure conditions. Triaxial unloading confining pressure process was reducing confining pressure while increasing axial pressure. The research results show that, compared with the peak intensity of conventional triaxial loading, the ultimate strength of coal samples of triaxial unloading confining pressure was lower, deformation under loading was far less than unloading, dilation caused by unloading was more obvious than loading. The change trend of volumetric strain would embody change of gas permeability of coal, the permeability first reduced along with volumetric strain increase, and then raised with volume strain decrease, furthermore, the change trends of permeability of coal before and after destruction were different in the stage of decreasing volume strain due to the effect of gas pressure. When gas pressure was greater, the effective confining pressure was smaller, and the radial deformation produced by unloading was greater. When the unloading failed confining pressure difference was smaller, coal would be easier to get unstable failure.     

考虑软土软化特性的软基加筋道路动力响应

为了研究交通荷载作用下考虑软土软化效应的低路堤软基加筋道路的动力响应问题,以室内动三轴试验为基础,研究了循环荷载作用下初始偏应力以及荷载作用次数对软土刚度软化的影响,通过回归分析得到了软土在循环荷载作用下刚度软化的经验公式;然后编制了用户子程序将经验公式导入有限元分析软件ABAQUS中,采用ABAQUS对软基加筋与不加筋道路在交通荷载作用下的动力特性进行对比分析.结果表明,软土的软化特性对软基加筋道路的动力响应有重要影响.同时,加筋可以提高道路的整体强度,使土体应力均化,约束土体的水平变形,减少道路的整体沉降,并降低道路的不均匀沉降.     

长期循环荷载下饱和软黏土安定性模型

鉴于传统显式、隐式模型计算饱和软黏土长期循环荷载下轴向塑性累积应变的不足,在建立饱和软黏土总应力弹塑性模型基础上,考虑软黏土在长期小动应力比循环荷载作用下具有安定性特点,结合过应力模型及安定性理论提出计算饱和软黏土长期循环荷载下轴向塑性累积应变安定性本构模型。安定性模型能合理描述饱和软黏土循环荷载下的变形特性,模型只考虑最大塑性变形包络线故可采用任意积分步长,适用于大数目循环加载的累积变形计算及长期交通荷载下地基的沉降计算。     

Viscous property of dried clay

One dimensional and triaxial compression tests of air-dried and oven-dried Fujinomori clay and Pisa clay were carried out. Water content is less than 4.5% and 1.0% for air-dried and oven-dried clay specimens, respectively. In all tests, axial strain rate was changed stepwise many times and drained creep tests were performed several times during monotonic loading at a constant strain rate. Global unloading （and also reloading in some tests） was applied during which creep loading tests were performed several times. Cyclic loading with small stress amplitude and several cycles was also performed to calculate the modulus of elasticity of the clay in tests. Local displacement transducer was used in triaxial compression test to increase measuring accuracy of axial strain. The results show that air-dried and oven-dried clay have noticeable viscous properties; during global unloading, creep deformation changes from positive to negative, i.e. there exist neutral points （zero creep deformation or no creep deformation point） in global unloading part of strain-stress curve; viscous property of Fujinomori clay decreases when water content decreases, i.e. viscous property of air-dried Fujinomori clay is more significant than that of oven-dried Fujinomori clay.     

卸围压条件下砂岩变形破坏特性试验研究

从可释放弹性应变能角度对岩石卸围压条件下破坏特性进行研究,利用MTS815电液压伺服可控制刚性试验机进行保持轴向变形不变的卸围压试验,根据卸围压试验数据,分析了该砂岩卸围压过程中变形、强度、弹性模量及能量变化特征。结果表明:随着围压逐渐降低,岩样发生侧向不断扩容;轴向应力逐渐降低,呈现出非线性特征;弹性模量在初始阶段几乎不变化,越过破坏点之后大幅降低;可释放的弹性应变能在初始阶段增大比较缓慢,当围压降低至一定程度时急剧增大;推导出基于可释放弹性应变能的卸荷岩石的整体破坏准则Ue0。     

Mechanical and damage evolution properties of sandstone under triaxial compression

To study the mechanical and damage evolution properties of sandstone under triaxial compression,we analyzed the stress strain curve characteristics,deformation and strength properties,and failure process and characteristics of sandstone samples under different stress states.The experimental results reveal that peak strength,residual strength,elasticity modulus and deformation modulus increase linearly with confining pressure,and failure models transform from fragile failure under low confining pressure to ductility failure under high confining pressure.Macroscopic failure forms of samples under uniaxial compression were split failure parallel to the axis of samples,while macroscopic failure forms under uniaxial compression were shear failure,the shear failure angle of which decreased linearly with confining pressure.There were significant volume dilatation properties in the loading process of sandstone under different confining pressures,and we analyzed the damage evolution properties of samples based on acoustic emission damage and volumetric dilatation damage,and established damage constitutive model,realizing the real-time quantitative evaluation of samples damage state in loading process.     

Experimental study on the deformation behaviour,energy evolution law and failure mechanism of tectonic coal subjected to cyclic loadsOA

Compared to intact coal, tectonic coal exhibits unique characteristics. The deformation behaviours under cyclic loading with different confining pressures and loading rates are monitored by MTS815 test system,and the mechanical and energy properties are analysed using experimental data. The results show that the stress–strain curve could be divided into four stages in a single cycle. The elastic strain and elastic energy density increase linearly with deviatoric stress and are proportional to th...     

交通荷载作用下道路与软土地基弹塑性变形分析

建立了循环荷载作用下软黏土地基中孔压发展的经验模型，通过回归分析得到了模型计算参数.采用动态弹塑性有限元法分析了交通荷载作用下道路与软土地基共同作用的变形特性，考虑了孔压对软土地基变形特性的影响.提出了交通荷载在软土地基中的“临界影响深度”的概念，通过计算实例分析表明,在给定工况下交通荷载在软土地基中的临界影响深度约为10 m，有效影响深度约为18 m，为道路工后沉降计算提供了参考.     

堆石蠕变与颗粒破碎特性三轴试验

为分析堆石的蠕变规律和研究颗粒破碎与蠕变的关系,对某堆石料进行了不同应力水平和围压下的大型三轴排水蠕变试验。蠕变试验后通过筛分试验测量了堆石的颗粒破碎程度。结果表明堆石的蠕变变形与应力水平和围压有关;轴向蠕变和体积蠕变随应力水平的增大而增大,应力水平相同时则随围压增大而增大。堆石的应变一时间关系可用幂函数表示,轴向应变一应力关系和体积应变一应力关系分别满足双曲线函数和线性比例函数。随应力水平和围压的增大,堆石颗粒破碎增多。堆石颗粒破碎可用相对颗粒破碎指数度量,其与轴向蠕变和体积蠕变近似呈线性比例关系。     

季节冻土区长期交通荷载下公路路基永久变形特性

为研究季冻区公路路基在长期交通荷载作用下永久变形的累积规律,首先基于室内试验获取的路基融土永久应变经验公式,提出季节冻土区路基永久变形计算步骤;并通过建立的基层-路基-地基有限元模型,研究汽车轴型、后轴轴重、行车速度和路基融化厚度对正常期和春融期路基应力比和永久变形的影响.计算结果表明:正常期路基的应力比随着埋深的增加逐渐减小,融化路基应力比较正常期大,冻结路基内较正常期小;六轴汽车产生的永久变形大于其他4种轴型汽车;路基内的应力比和永久变形随后轴轴重和路基冻融影响厚度的增加而显著增大;行车速度越低,路基内应力比和永久变形越大.据此提出了季节冻土区长期公路交通荷载作用下路基永久变形预测公式.     

三轴卸荷条件下煤体力学特性和能量耗散演化

孤岛工作面煤体和巷道受周边开采扰动影响,煤体受循环荷载作用存在卸荷力学行为而表现出动态破坏特性.为探讨不同路径下煤体力学特性,利用TAW-2000三轴电液伺服刚性试验机分别进行常规三轴(T)、三轴循环荷载(TC)以及相应卸围压试验(TU、TCU),分析不同围压下煤体卸围压强度、变形、声发射事件以及能量耗散演化特征,开展...     

橡胶颗粒-砂混合物三轴CD剪切试验研究

对6种围压7种不同质量配比的干燥橡胶颗粒-砂混合物(橡胶砂)进行三轴CD试验,研究不同配比不同围压对橡胶砂的强度特性、偏应力-轴向应变曲线和体应变-轴向应变曲线特性的影响。试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒质量分数为0%~30%时,有利于改善砂颗粒的剪切强度特性;在10%附近时,内摩擦角出现最大值;在20%附近时,其粘聚力出现最大值。橡胶砂的偏应力-轴向应变曲线特性在橡胶颗粒质量分数低于50%时,与纯砂类似,表现出双曲线特性;不低于50%时,与纯橡胶类似,表现出近似线弹性,且由双曲线模型拟合得到的橡胶砂模型参数(如峰值偏应力、初始切线模量以及破坏比)随围压的增加而增加,随橡胶颗粒含量的增加而减少。橡胶砂的体应变-轴向应变曲线特性在橡胶颗粒质量分数不高于20%时,与纯砂类似,有先剪缩后剪胀的特点;高于20%时,表现出单调剪缩的特性,橡胶颗粒含量越大,剪缩越明显。     

弱胶结泥质软岩的三向压缩损伤特性

针对西部矿区弱胶结软岩在复杂应力状态下的损伤行为,采用三轴压缩试验和等效应变原理,得到泥岩在三轴压缩下损伤变量的演化规律.基于weibull分布,引入修正系数λ建立可考虑泥岩残余阶段变形的统计损伤本构模型.结果分析表明：在三轴压缩下损伤变量呈先减小后增大的变化趋势,损伤演化过程没有水平段,表明受压时泥岩没有实际意义上的线弹性阶段;损伤变量减增变化的转折点恰好为全应力-应变曲线的屈服点和残余阶段起始点,说明该类泥岩的破坏起始于屈服点;当围压<3 MPa时,损伤起始点随围压增大而后移,当围压>3 MPa时,损伤初始点有前移的趋势,高围压下泥岩的峰前塑性提高,产生整体塑性剪切破坏;本构模型能够较准确地描述泥岩破坏的三阶段.