关于R123产品中R1326烯烃去除的研究——吸附法

本文主要考察了不同的分子筛在不同的温度下对R123（1，1，1-三氟-2,2-二氯乙烷）一级品中的不饱和烯烃杂质（特别是R1326，CF，CH：CClCF，）的吸附效果，制得复合的吸附剂，从而达到提高R123产品质量的目的。     

六氟乙烷和五氟一氯乙烷在NaX上的吸附平衡

为了研究五氟一氯乙烷(R115)和六氟乙烷(R116)的吸附分离机理,以指导工业级R116中其它杂质的脱除,精确测定了273～303K,2Pa～110kPa条件下R115和R116在NaX分子筛上的吸附等温线,并用Langmuir、Langmuir-Freundlich和Toth模型拟合,得到模型参数,再用纯组分吸附等温线和理想吸附溶液理论(idealadsorption solution theory, IAST)计算了R115的吸附选择性。结果表明Toth模型与R115和R116的吸附等温线吻合最好,NaX与R115作用力大于R116是其能够分离R115/R116的原因。IAST计算表明,吸附温度越低、吸附压力越小,R115选择性越高。     

Ni离子改性分子筛模拟柴油吸附脱硫的性能与机理

研究镍改性分子筛吸附剂在模拟柴油中脱除苯并噻吩类硫化物的性能.实验表明:采用液相离子交换法是优选的分子筛改性方法,过渡金属Ni离子改性的Ni-Y吸附剂具有较佳的脱硫性能,室温(20℃)下采用静态吸附法测得的静态吸附平衡硫容量为17.16 mg S·(g吸附剂)-1;采用固定床动态吸附,测得每克吸附剂饱和硫容量达到33.6 mg S·(g吸附剂)-1,并能将初始硫含量为840×10-4%(wt)的模拟柴油处理至硫含量低于5×10-4%(wt).实验还发现,吸附剂对模拟柴油中二苯并噻吩的脱除能力优于苯并噻吩,吸附剂的硫容量与金属离子交换率成正比.由金属离子交换和不同孔径的分子筛吸附实验研究结果可以推断,吸附剂的吸附脱硫是分子尺寸选择机理和(配位机理共同作用的结果.     

稀土改性13X分子筛的表征与脱硫性能评价

采用离子交换法制备了Ce/13X、La/13X及La-Ce/13X分子筛吸附剂。通过X射线衍射、N2物理吸附、扫描电子显微镜、傅里叶红外光谱等手段对吸附剂进行表征,考察对比了三种吸附剂的动态吸附性能以及温度和流速对吸附性能的影响,并对吸附剂进行再生。结果表明,稀土离子改性后的13X分子筛的比表面积、孔体积出现一定程度的下降,分子筛结晶度降低但并未改变其骨架结构。La的载入与Ce具有协同作用,使得双金属改性的La-Ce/13X分子筛在脱硫吸附性能上较单金属改性的分子筛有明显的提高。常温下,空速为6h-1,La-Ce/13X分子筛能够将起始浓度为0.2mg/g的模拟油脱除至0.01mg/g,经过7h后穿透,穿透硫容为6.118mg/g,吸附剂经过氮气气氛300℃焙烧2h后,可较好的再生。     

Y型分子筛吸附剂的噁唑吸附性能

采用了一种Y型分子筛作为丙烯腈中噁唑脱除吸附剂。首先考察了原料中w(噁唑)、空速、吸附温度对吸附剂性能的影响,然后通过N_2物理吸附(BET)、X射线衍射(XRD)和NH_3-TPD等分析表征手段,研究了不同再生方法对吸附剂的影响。结果表明,吸附温度为70℃,原料质量空速为0.35 h~(-1)时,吸附剂表现出更好的噁唑吸附效果;采用柠檬酸溶液对失活催化剂处理4 h,并在500℃焙烧8 h,再生吸附剂的性能最好,吸附剂寿命为665 h,单位吸附剂的吸附量为19.9 mg/g。     

Ce-CeY吸附剂的制备及其吸附脱除焦化粗苯中噻吩的研究

对CeY分子筛用等体积浸渍法制备了不同Ce浸渍量的吸附剂Ce-CeY。用XRD、氮吸附实验和FT-IR技术对不同吸附剂晶体结构及噻吩吸附行为进行了研究。结果表明,CeY分子筛中,Ce(Ⅳ)提供了丰富的吸附活性位,可以和噻吩形成π络合、S-Ce键配合及氢键作用;浸渍的Ce生成CeO2,分散在分子筛孔道内壁,使Ce-CeY孔径缩小,对噻吩具有分子尺寸选择作用。随着Ce浸渍量的增加,吸附剂的孔径逐渐缩小,吸附剂选择吸附噻吩性能先增大后减小。当温度为30℃、8.5%Ce-CeY(g)/模拟液(mL)为1/14、吸附时间为120min时,噻吩脱除率接近100%。     

煤矸石碱熔—水热法制备NaX型分子筛及其对Pb2+的吸附特性研究

为实现煤矸石中硅铝组分的高值利用,以煤矸石为原料,采用碱熔水热法合成NaX型分子筛,通过X射线衍射(XRD)、红外光谱(FT-IR)、扫描电镜(SEM)等对产物进行表征,同时采用静态饱和吸水量和钙离子交换量对所制备分子筛进行性能评价。结果表明：硅铝比为3,碱灰比1.2,陈化温度40℃,陈化30 min,水热温度100℃,水热时间5 h, NaOH浓度为2.73 mol/L时合成分子筛的钙离子交换量为283.37 mg/g。将所合成的NaX型分子筛用于吸附液相中的Pb²⁺。在分子筛投加量1 g/L、吸附温度25℃、吸附时间2 h时,吸附容量(Q_e)最高可达483.05 mg/g;分子筛的吸附等温线符合Langmuir模型,饱和吸附容量(Q_m)可达528.31 mg/g。     

金属离子改性分子筛吸附水的Monte Carlo模拟

金属离子改性分子筛吸附脱水具有节能环保、吸附容量高、净化精度高等特点,受到广泛关注,但还缺乏平衡吸附量等基础数据。本文利用Materials Studio软件中Sorption模块进行落位计算得到合理的金属离子落位和分子筛构型,同时利用Reflex模块计算分子筛的XRD谱图,计算结果与国际分子筛协会（IZA-SC）的XRD标准谱图一致。采用蒙特卡罗法（Monte Carlo）的"COMPASS"力场对NaX、NaY和NaA 3种分子筛以及Ca²⁺、Fe³⁺、Mg²⁺和K⁺改性分子筛吸附水进行分子模拟。结果表明,水的吸附属于第Ⅰ型Langmuir吸附等温线。NaX、NaY和NaA分子筛对水的平衡吸附量分别为360.3mg/g、393.8mg/g和295.5mg/g,Mg²⁺取代的X型、Y型和A型分子筛对水的吸附能力增加幅度最大。MgX的平衡吸附量达472.6mg/g,较未改性时增加了112.3mg/g。本研究可为高效分子筛脱水吸附剂的筛选及其应用提供一定的理论依据和指导。     

反应条件对NaX型纳米分子筛结晶行为的影响

以山西煅烧高岭土为原料,在无模板剂、品种、导向剂及任何添加剂存在的条件下,采用水热法在1吨反应釜内合成了纳米级的NaX型分子筛.借助XRD探讨了在中试阶段的碱度、反应温度和反应时间分子筛结晶行为的影响.应用TEM、IR等分析方法对合成产品的物相进行了分析,实验结果表明:n( Na2O )/n( SiO2)的配料比1.5,晶化时间4h,反应温度100℃能够快速合成出小晶粒NaX分子筛;形成的分子筛晶型完整,NaX分子筛骨架与标准X型分子筛吻合;NaX分子筛分布比较均匀,分子筛晶粒发育良好,粒径小.     

载金属离子的13X分子筛吸附噻吩的动态特性

采用13X分子筛及负载Cu2 、Zn2 、Ni2 、Ag 的13X分子筛等五种吸附剂,对噻吩进行动态吸附特性研究.在φ10.5 mm×200 mm的吸附柱测定了五种吸附剂吸附正己烷溶液中的噻吩的穿透曲线.采用加热法对Zn2 -13X、Ni2 -13X、Ag -13X三种吸附剂进行再生,测定了再生后吸附剂的穿透曲线,对吸附剂再生前后的吸附性能进行了比较.结果表明Ag -13X吸附性能优于其它吸附剂,其对噻吩的吸附容量为60.20 mg·g-1.再生后的Ag -13X对噻吩仍有很好的吸附能力,吸附容量相比新鲜吸附剂的仅下降了5%.穿透点以前出口噻吩含量为0.这些结果为工业吸附装置的设计提供了必要的吸附数据.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。