Sicherheitskonzept von unterspannten Konstruktionen

Safety Concept for Cable Supported Structures Codes treat permanent actions and prestress as independent actions with different (partial) safety factors. However, for structures whose geometry is controlled during prestressing, there are proposals to consider dead load and prestress as one load case “permanent actions” with the same safety factor. Both approaches are compared systematically with regard to the structural safety. It is shown that combining dead load and prestress in one load case does not yield a sufficient safety level. The results of the investigations lead to a proposal which considers the influence of controlling the geometry during prestressing by modifying the partial safety factor for the action prestress. This results in a sufficient safety level while also permitting more efficient dimensioning.     

DIN 1052:2004 – Neue Grundlagen für Entwurf,Berechnung und Bemessung von Holzbauwerken – Teil 3: Bemessung von einteiligen Holzbauteilen

DIN 1052:2004 – New basics for design, calculation and dimensioning of timber structures, Part 3: Ultimate limit states design method of Timber elements. This Article describes the verification of load bearing safety for timber elements, which are stressed from tension, compression and bending according to the ultimate limit state design method.     

Building regulations—the international scene

Building regulations vary internationally in their objectives and in the responsibilities they place upon designers and contractors, but they generally depend upon national or international codes and standards for their technical requirements. The systems operated in a number of European countries are discussed in this paper in terms of the internal environment of buildings and general considerations of public safety and health. The author refers to the influence of the relevant CIB Working Commissions in establishing internationally agreed standards for the internal environment of buildings and performance concepts.     

Mise en application

Building regulations vary internationally in their objectives and in the responsibilities they place upon designers and contractors, but they generally depend upon national or international codes and standards for their technical requirements. The systems operated in a number of European countries are discussed in this paper in terms of the internal environment of buildings and general considerations of public safety and health. The author refers to the influence of the relevant CIB Working Commissions in establishing internationally agreed standards for the internal environment of buildings and performance concepts.     

利用Hou/Lux本构模型考虑蠕变破坏标准和损伤改进盐岩储存硐库的设计(英文)

损伤力学和新材料模型 (包括结构损伤 )引入到盐岩硐库的设计概念中 ,能够减少以前知识和计算模型的不足。在保持同样安全的情况下 ,新模型能为设计更经济的盐岩储存硐库建立科学基础。本文通过一个实际例子 ,对Asse盐矿 (德国 )的一个原形储存硐库进行了承载性能和最小容许内压的计算验证 ,并把使用Hou Lux模型和Lubby2模型的计算结果进行了对比。比较结果显示 ,新材料模型有许多优点 ,如 :通过减少内压 ,储存硐库的围岩应力重分布、扩容、损伤、软化及片帮区域等均得到改善。     

IT based system for construction safety management and monitoring: C-RTICS2

In North America, thousands of construction workers get injured and dozens die, on a yearly basis, due to work related injuries and illnesses. This reality prevailed from year 2000 to 2012 without a significant decrease. It seems that advanced health and safety regulations failed to make a positive impact. However, the use of information and communication technologies to improve safety is limited in the construction industry. This paper describes a system that transmits safety related information of multiple construction projects into a centralized database, where real-time safety indicators are generated. The system provides safety indicators related to an individual project or industry-wide figures. On site managers can use such real-time information for informed decisions in work sites. The system can also be accessed by the general public, research institutions, and regulating bodies, to formulate industry-wide safety standards and policies. The proposed system was pilot tested with positive and encouraging results.     

Aufstellung und Anwendung einer Nachweiskonzeption zur realitätsnahen Ermittlung der Systemtraglast an Stahlbetonschleusen

Development and Application of an Analysis Conception for a Realistic Determination of the Structure's Load‐Bearing Capacity of Reinforced Concrete Navigation Locks Since 2004, the structural safety of the navigation locks, located at the Main‐Danube‐Waterway, is systematically analyzed by the Federal Waterways Engineering and Research Institute (Bundesanstalt für Wasserbau, BAW) in Karlsruhe. The reason for this analysis was a damage caused by material fatigue at the navigation lock at Bamberg. The use of common methods of structural analysis and conventional static models led to a significant lack of calculative safety margin. For a more realistic indication of the structural behaviour, an analysis of the load‐bearing capacity based on non‐linear material behaviour was necessary. Thus, an analysis‐concept has been developed that includes the semiprobabilistic safety format of the new engineering standard. This is subsequently presented and explicated on the basis of an example.     

我国城市轨道交通安全标准体系研究

安全标准是规范和控制城市轨道交通建设、运营安全管理工作的强有力保障.为了完善我国城市轨道交通安全标准系统性,阐述了安全标准体系构建原则,建立了城市轨道交通安全技术、安全管理、安全行为3个子体系构成的安全标准体系结构模型,明确了安全基础标准、通用标准、专用标准体系层次及其具体控制内容,剖析了我国现有城市轨道交通安全标准体系,为指导城市轨道交通工程安全标准化建设提供依据.     

城市高压输电走廊线下空间作为游憩绿地 利用的安全性研究

高压输电走廊线下空间在城市内大量存在,按照现行法律、法规和标准规范中的规定,一般应作为防护绿地规划建设。但在现实中存在大量将其利用为游憩绿地使用的情况,其安全性受到公众质疑。利用电力行业和医学相关研究数据,对城市高压输电走廊线下空间游憩利用的安全性开展深入研究,综合得出将110和220kV高压输电走廊线下空间作为游憩绿地利用,其安全性可以得到保证。并基于安全利用的前提,从风景园林规划设计的角度提出了相关设计原则和策略。     

Zur probabilistischen Sicherheitsanalyse von Stabtragwerken nach der Theorie 2. Ordnung

Probability‐based safety analysis of bar structures according to theory of 2nd order. The probabilistic dimensioning method for bar structures follows from the deformation method according to the theory of 2nd order and maintains the practice based on the equilibrium of forces and torques. The approximation of random loads by Hermite polynomials of normal random variables leads to a linear equation system by applying a Galerkin projection. This is based on the elasticity equations of the deterministic deformation method and has to be treated iteratively. The method can be formalised and provides the failure probability, requiring reasonable efforts in the usual professional practice of a civil engineer only. By means of the cross‐section failure, it is demonstrated in which respect the probabilistic analysis expands the safety concept based on safety factors.     

Neues Berechnungsverfahren zur Standsicherheit und Gebrauchstauglichkeit von Montagewänden mit Gipsplattenbeplankung für eine erhöhte Anwendungssicherheit bei hohen Wänden

New calculation method for analysing structural stability and fitness for purpose of prefabricated walls with plasterboard cladding, offering enhanced application safety for high walls. The engineering task group of the German plasterboard industry association (IGG) aims to further enhance the already high dry construction standard with regard to installation, application safety and quality through refinement of technical regulations and guidelines. This article describes the latest results from an advanced calculation method backed by comprehensive testing that enables reliable dimensioning of stud walls with large wall heights and is now being used as a standard calculation technique for lightweight construction based on plasterboard walls.     

Fire safety standards—help or hindrance

This paper reviews the various documents which establish the level of safety associated with UK buildings in the absence of explicit safety criteria, considering their nature and derivation. It identifies the significant role played by national standards in support of building regulations, but recognises that the requirements of the different standards are often incompatible. It considers whether they act as a help or hindrance to various users and to what extent they direct the advances in fire safety design in a positive way. It suggests that in order to arrive at a wholly compatible package of national fire safety standards, which will be a help to all and a hindrance to none, a framework for future standardisation activity is needed. This must be supported by all parties, especially the fire safety regulators.     

DIN 1052:2004 – Neue Grundlagen für Entwurf,Berechnung und Bemessung von Holzbauwerken – Teil 4 (1): Bemessung von Verbindungen und stiftförmigen und sonstigen mechanischen Verbindungsmitteln

DIN 1052:2004 – New basics for design, calculation and dimensioning of timber structures, Part4: Ultimate limit state design of timber joints. This paper describes several kinds of fasteners and the verification of load bearing safety for joints in timber structures.     

我国的岩土工程规范标准纵横谈

由于岩土工程涉及许多工程门类 ,而我国各工程行业各自为政 ,造成我国目前岩土工程规范标准种类繁多 ,极不一致 ;具体条文规定过细过死 ,既限制了工程技术人员的创造性发挥和技术水平的提高 ,也不尽合理。在一些规范中存在着理论、概念模糊和计算方法的不全面及其他值得商榷的问题。本文就作者所见到想到的问题提出来供讨论和参考     

DIN 1052:2004 – Neue Grundlagen für Entwurf,Berechnung und Bemessung von Holzbauwerken – Teil 4 (2): Bemessung von Verbindungen und stiftförmigen und sonstigen mechanischen Verbindungsmitteln

DIN 1052:2004 – New basics for design, calculation and dimensioning of timber structures, Part4: Ultimate limit state design of timber joints. This paper describes several kinds of fasteners and the verification of load bearing safety for joints in timber structures.     

高层钢结构节点施工图自动标注研究

讨论了高层建筑钢结构设计中节点施工图自动标注的设计思想和一些组成规则,并在AuoCADR14平台上,以VisualBasic5.0作为编程手段实现了钢结构节点施工图的自动标注。     

国内外地震现场建筑物安全鉴定研究的比较

地震现场建筑物安全鉴定是地震现场应急的重要工作之一,国内外均予以了高度重视。为了在现场追求统一、科学和快速的鉴定结果,近些年来安全鉴定的研究工作正从传统的定性判定向定量方法判定过渡。该文对美国、日本、希腊和中国等国家的地震现场建筑物安全鉴定的国家标准、现场工作的实施和量化研究进行了介绍和对比。重点介绍了美国的ATC-20系列标准、日本的安全鉴定指导说明、希腊的安全鉴定程序以及我国的安全鉴定标准的内容和各历史版本的修订,详细阐述了日本、哥伦比亚和我国的安全鉴定量化算法和相应的安全鉴定系统。通过对比总结了国内外安全鉴定标准的不同之处,以及安全鉴定量化算法和系统的异同点。最后归纳得出我国安全鉴定后续研究可借鉴的国外经验,为我国标准的修订和量化算法及系统的改进提供参考。     

Redline Dystopias: A Dialogue With a Farmer in Qicha

For the field of national territorial planning, to identify and delimit redlines is the primary step to preserve valuable natural and cultural assets from human interventions, harmonizing human-nature and urbanrural relationships. In the reality, however, the dogmatic planning and design concepts, irrational construction standards, and unscientific and rigid management requirements that ignore the diverse localities, market rules, and stakeholders’ needs usually make the implementation outcome runs the opposite to what was wished, leading to “redline dystopias” called by the author that are damaging our homelands. This article presents a dialogue between the author and a farmer in Qicha, Hainan, to reveal how a “capital farmland dystopia,” one of the redline dystopias, comes into being, appealing for a profound re-examination and reflection in the planning and design professions.