Numerical modeling of the output and operations of semiconductor lasers subject to strong optical feedback and its dependence on the linewidth‐enhancement factor

Influence of the linewidth‐enhancement factor on the output and operations of InGaAs/InP pumping lasers emitting at a wavelength of 980 nm under strong optical feedback is investigated numerically. The investigations are performed based on intensive numerical integration of an improved time‐delay rate equations of semiconductor lasers over wide ranges of the linewidth‐enhancement factor and optical feedback strength. The results show that the semiconductor laser operates under strong optical feedback in continuous wave and pulsation at small values of the linewidth‐enhancement factor. Under large values of the linewidth‐enhancement factor, the laser happens to exhibit chaos and pulsation. We predict that semiconductor laser subjected to strong optical feedback exhibits much more stable pulsing operation under higher values of the linewidth‐enhancement factor, which indicates that the laser is locked at the external cavity frequency. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Comparative study on modulation dynamic characteristics of laser diodes using RZ and NRZ bit formats

A comprehensive study on semiconductor laser characteristics under gigabit‐per‐second digital modulation is presented. Comparison of the modulation characteristics under both formats of the return to zero (RZ) and non‐return to zero (NRZ) bit formats is introduced. The modulation characteristics include the eye diagram, turn‐on jitter (TOJ) and frequency chirp. The study elucidates how the laser modulation performance changes with variation of the modulation bit rate relative to the maximum bit rate and the setting bit rate of the relaxation oscillations. The relative contributions of the intrinsic noise of the laser and the pseudorandom bit‐pattern effect to the modulation characteristics are differentiated. The results showed that when the bit rate is higher than the setting bit rate, the eye diagram is partially closed and becomes completely closed when the bit rate increases beyond the maximum bit rate. When the bit rate is higher than 2.25 Gbps, the TOJ values under NRZ modulation are smaller than those under RZ modulation near the threshold level. Under both RZ and NRZ formats, chirp increases with the bit rate with the chirp under the RZ format being higher than that under the NRZ format. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

关于500kV变电站工频电磁场强度的研究

根据500 kV变电站工频电磁场强度现场测试情况,对500 kV变电站工作场所和设备的工频电场和磁场强度进行研究,得出电场和磁场强度的分布规律及特点。从保障作业人员和公众健康、促进企业安全经济运行的角度,提出电磁场防护的措施及管理办法。     

Numerical analysis of optical feedback phenomenon and intensity noise of fibre‐grating semiconductor lasers

This paper demonstrates numerical analysis of the dynamics and intensity noise of fibre‐grating semiconductor lasers (FGSLs). The induced phenomenon of strong optical feedback (OFB) is analysed. The simulations are based on an improved time‐delay rate equations model of a single‐mode laser that takes into account the multiple round‐trips of the lasing field in the fibre cavity. The analyses are performed in terms of the temporal trajectory of the laser intensity, bifurcation diagram and relative intensity noise (RIN). We explore influence of the fibre‐cavity length on the dynamics and RIN. The results show that when the fibre cavity is short, the regime of strong OFB is characterized by either continuous‐wave (CW) operation or periodic pulsation. The pulsation frequency is locked at the frequency separation of either the compound‐cavity modes or the external fibre‐cavity modes. The corresponding RIN level is close to or higher than the level of the solitary laser depending on pulse symmetry. When the fibre cavity is long, the laser exhibits unstable dynamics over wider range of OFB. Moreover, the strong‐OFB pulsation becomes beating quasi‐periodic at the relaxation oscillation frequency and the fibre‐cavity mode‐separation frequency. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

利用亥姆霍兹线圈测量地磁场强度及磁倾角

根据亥姆霍兹线圈轴线上磁场分布的特点,能在其轴线中点附近产生较广的均匀磁场区,根据磁场的叠加原理,推导了地磁场的水平分量、垂直分量及地磁场强度、磁倾角的实验计算公式.采用了FD-HM-Ⅰ型亥姆霍兹线圈,利用高灵敏度毫特斯拉计,探测亥姆霍兹线圈公共轴线中点的磁感应强度.通过改变亥姆霍兹线圈中电流的正、反方向,测量了延安地区当地的地磁场强度及磁倾角.测量结果与延安地区当地的地磁场要素基本相符,说明该方法是确实可行的.该实验方案充分利用了实验室现有仪器,培养了学生的创新意识,因此在实验课教学中具有较高的推广价值.     

Oscillation wavelength shift characters of a semiconductor laser in a magnetic field: Observation by using a beat note

In papers published previously, we discussed the oscillation wavelength shift of a semiconductor laser in a magnetic field at room temperature. Observations were carried out by means of a monochromator that was able to measure the oscillation wavelength shift in a steady state only and that was subject to a certain degree of measurement error. In this work, we used the beat note between two semiconductor lasers as a means of observing the wavelength shift. This method reduces the overall measurement error to about one tenth that obtained when using the monochromator and enables us to observe the time dependence of the wavelength shift, after establishing a magnetic field. The observed wavelength shift was delayed in comparison with the square of the magnetic flux density, which is proportional to the wavelength shift in a steady state. The delay was about 0.07 s, which is much longer than we actually expected, when changing the temperature in an active layer. © 1998 Scripta Technica. Electr Eng Jpn, 122(3): 46–54, 1998     

变电站220 kV及以上区域工频电磁场强度特性分析

针对500 kV变电站内500 kV配电区域的工频电场强度普遍高于220 kV配电区域和35 kV配电区域、变电站工频电场强度超标点主要集中于500 kV配电区域和220 kV配电区域等状况,选取6座不同类型的500 kV变电站进行500 kV配电区域和220 kV配电区域电磁场强度检测,分析并总结出500 kV变电站...     

二维开域电磁场的一般解法

针对开域空间磁场计算问题，提出了求解二维开域电磁场问题的一种新解法。这种解法可以将开域的场域缩小到包含所有铁磁媒质和电流区域的最小圆形范围，而问题的结果可以覆盖整个开域空间，计算分析表明，这种方法实现简单，只需求解圆形区域的有限元方程和边界方程，所需计算内存和CPU时间都很小。     

Noise performance and nonlinear distortion of semiconductor laser under two‐tone modulation for use in analog CATV systems

We introduce numerical modeling of noise performance and distortion of semiconductor lasers subject to two‐tone modulation according to the National Television Standards Committee NTSC plan for the cable television (CATV) signal transport. The waveform of the laser signal is simulated over wide ranges of the modulation index and placements of the modulation channel. The power and frequency spectra of the relative intensity noise (RIN) are characterized, and the associated second‐order harmonic distortion (2HD), and the second‐order (IMD2) and third‐order intermodulation distortions (IMD3) are calculated. The calculated data are used to predict the measures of the CATV system performance. The dynamic range of linearity of the laser is evaluated in terms of the spurious‐free dynamic range SFDR. We show that under weak modulation, the low‐frequency RIN is constant at −168 dB/Hz regardless the modulation frequency. Within this accepted noise level, IMD2 is 4 dBm higher than 2HD and 10 dBm higher than IMD3. When the modulation index exceeds 25%, the laser emits clipped signals associated with large values of signal distortions. Accepted values of the carrier to noise ratio and distortions correspond to lower modulation index and/or channel frequency. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

空化对低比转速离心泵内流声特性的影响研究

为了研究空化对低比转速离心泵内流声特性的影响,采用数值模拟和实验测量相结合的方法,研究了其在不同空化数下的压力脉动和流动噪声特性,并对典型位置处的压力脉动频域特性及声压频率响应进行了重点分析。结果表明：随着空化的发展,泵内低频及宽频脉动加剧。临界空化时,1/6倍转频成为了叶轮进口处的压力脉动主频,蜗壳区域内叶频虽仍为压力脉动主频,但1/6倍转频已成为了较为显著的次频。动静干涉作用引起的压力脉动是流动噪声的主要噪声源。空化诱导的噪声为宽频噪声,且主要集中在1000 ~ 2000 Hz高频段内。叶轮旋转偶极子声源作用下的特征频率处声压级随着空化的发展而下降;蜗壳偶极子声源作用下的特征频率处声压级随着空化的发展而增大,且叶频倍频处特征频率逐渐被淹没在其高频宽频段中。该研究可为低比转速离心泵中探究流声特性变化规律、降低因空化而加剧的振动和噪声提供必要的依据。     

感应电机定子温度场的数值计算

针对中小型感应电机结构复杂热模型难以建立的问题,以一台小型感应电机为例,采用有限元方法,建立了电机的二维温度场数值计算模型。给出了定子二维温度场计算的泛函以及相关热性能参数的计算方法;计算了不同负载运行时样机定子的稳态温度场。计算结果与实测值的比较,验证了所采用计算模型及方法的合理性。该电机温度场计算模型可以应用到其他同类电机定子温度场的计算与分析。在该温度场计算模型的基础上,分析比较了机壳散热翅高度的变化对电机定子温度场的影响,研究了气隙温度对定子温度场的影响。     

工频磁场干扰识别及母线保护防误技术

分析工频磁场干扰对母线差动保护的影响,将各条支路上工频磁场干扰电流幅值和相位相似的特征与母线保护装置备用支路多的特点进行结合,通过母线保护装置的备用间隔的电流采样值特征识别工频磁场干扰并得到干扰值.计算补偿干扰电流后的差动电流,并在母线差动保护判据中增加补偿后差动电流相关的判据,有效防止发生工频磁场干扰时母线差动保护误...     

Effect of magnetic field on shot noise in diffusive conductors and cascaded barriers

We present a numerical study, based on a recursive Green’s function approach, of the effect of magnetic field on conductance and shot noise in diffusive conductors and cascaded barriers. In particular, we find a progressive reduction of the Fano factor as a function of magnetic field and a disappearance, as a result of the symmetry breaking properties of magnetic field, of conductance enhancement and suppression effects associated with evenly-unevenly spaced barriers.     

Formation of MgAu alloy cathode by photolithography and its application to organic light‐emitting diodes and organic field effect transistors

To make an efficient electron injection electrode by photolithography, we studied MgAu alloy electrodes, which have a low work function and high resistance to humidity and oxygen. The measured work function of MgAu alloy thin film was 3.7 eV, which is comparable with that of a pure Mg layer and ～0.8 eV lower than that of a pure Au layer. This low work function was maintained even after photolithography, suggesting excellent stability for solvent treatment. Investigating organic field‐effect transistor (OFET) characteristics when MgAu alloy comb type source and drain electrodes were used, we successfully obtained n‐type FET operation. Furthermore, organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) demonstrated the efficient electron injection characteristics of the MgAu alloy cathode, which were similar to those of the conventional MgAg cathode. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 152(1): 37–42, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/ eej.20153     

逆相序排列降低线路工频电场的计算及应用

以220kV永吉和井永同塔双回架空线路实现逆相序排列为例,探讨逆相序排列降低线下工频电场强度的计算原理和理论计算结果,提出具体的实施方案,分析比对线下工频电场强度的实测结果,验证逆相序排列对降低同塔双回架空线路线下工频电场的效果显著,为解决工频电场强度过大探索既经济又实惠的办法。     

基于模拟电荷和边界元法的变电站工频电场分布仿真研究

本文提出了一种模拟电荷法和边界元法相结合的方法,将变电站内设备的影响考虑进去,可更加准确地确定变电站内工频电场分布,并且本文采用了合理简化剖分的方法,减少了冗长的叠加过程,在保证了计算精度的同时,大大缩短了计算时间,为变电站内工频电场计算提供了一种快速有效的方法。本文仿真结果与变电站实测结果基本一致,证明该方法能够用于变电站工频电场分布的预测。     

水下主动激光扫描系统中光场记录及散射背景分离研究

传统水下主动激光扫描系统采用普通相机对反射光接收记录,反射激光点被掩埋在背景噪声中无法分离,影响成像质量。该文在水下激光主动扫描成像系统中采用光场相机记录了包括激光反射光线和各种散射背景杂光的位置和方向信息,为抑制散射背景杂光提供了可能。在后续光场记录图像处理中,首先,对记录的光场图像进行前后两次重聚焦,第一次是对激光照射到物面激光光点的重聚焦,第二次是对激光光点前景散射光的重聚焦,再对两幅图像进行差分处理;提出一种计算机自动判断流程,使得差分所得图像上激光点的衬度最大,或足够大。实验结果表明,上述方法可以达到较好的散射背景抑制作用,是对现有同步扫描主动激光成像系统空间分离散射背景抑制技术的必要补充。     

A tabular source approach to modelling and simulating device and circuit noise in the time domain

Simulation of device and circuit noise at low frequencies is often carried out as part of a small‐signal ac analysis. Moreover, circuit simulators with rf analysis capabilities usually specify circuit performance in terms of S parameters and model high‐frequency noise in terms of noise waves and correlation matrices. It is also unusual to find circuit simulators that extend noise simulation to the time domain. This is particularly true for software packages developed from SPICE 2g6 or 3f5. This paper introduces a simple tabular noise source technique, which adds time‐domain noise to semiconductor device models and integrated circuit macromodels. The proposed technique is suitable for use with any general purpose circuit simulator. To demonstrate the power of the suggested approach the text describes time‐domain noise extensions to the SPICE diode, BJT, JFET, MOSFET and MESFET models. These noise extensions have been implemented and tested with the ‘Quite universal circuit simulator’ (Qucs). Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

高频磁场检测中采样保持器的设计及其性能分析

磁共振耦合无线电能传输技术是当前电能传输领域的前沿课题,该技术通过高频磁共振耦合实现电能传输,高频磁场是其实现电能无线传输的媒介。收发线圈间的互感耦合系数直接影响着系统的传输效率和传输距离。空间磁场强度同步检测是准确分析互感耦合系数最直接的方法。高速、宽频带的采样保持器是实现空间高频磁场强度同步检测的关键。从采样保持器的原理出发,详细分析了采样保持器内放大器的不同工作模式和电容的材质对采样保持电路性能的影响,探讨了空间高频磁场信号的特性及其对采样保持器的要求。在此基础上,设计了一种高速采样保值器,并通过实验对其在不同模式下的性能做了详细分析。     

基于模拟电荷法的变电站工频电场仿真分析

随着供电需求的增大,超高压变电站越来越接近公众活动区域,变电站站内的电场分布情况也显得越来越重要。本文提出改进的模拟电荷法,推导了带电体周围的工频电场计算公式。通过对500k V变电站进行模型建立及简化,编程计算出站内离地1.5m处的工频电场强度;采用CDEGS软件对重庆某500k V变电站进行仿真计算,将仿真结果和实测值与本文算法的计算结果进行对比,验证了本文算法的正确性与有效性。最后选取该变电站内三条路径,计算分析该处工频电场强度的分布情况,为深入研究变电站的工频电场分布提供参考。