TiNi形状记忆合金精密脉冲电阻对焊接头相变温度变化规律的研究

通过示差热分析（DSC）和X射线衍射等分析手段，研究了焊接热量、焊接压力、随机后热处理等焊接参数以及冷热循环对焊接接头相变温度的影响，并总结了其影响规律。研究表明，焊接热量和焊接压力对焊接接头相变温度的影响较小，相变温度区间基本保持不变，焊接接头相变类型为单一的马氏体→奥氏体的转变。焊后随机后热处理对焊接接头相变温度具有一定的影响，马氏体向奥氏体转变的起始温度As和终了温度At均随后热处理时间的增加而提高。在热处理时间为99cyc时，在加热过程中首先发生马氏体→R相→奥氏体的转变，由于发生了R相变，延迟了奥氏体相变的温度，使TiNi形状记忆合金的温度滞后现象加剧，同时使奥氏体的相变区间缩小。冷热循环对焊接接头的相变过程和相变温度具有重要的影响，导致了R相变的出现。R相变进行的程度随着冷循环次数的增加而提高，并逐渐趋于稳定。     

真空电阻炉退火温度对电子设备用Ti-51Ni记忆合金相变和形状行为的影响

选择电子设备用Ti-51Ni形状记忆合金作为测试材料,分析不同退火条件下Ti-51Ni合金形成的显微结构、相变特征及其超弹性变化情况。研究结果表明:在退火态Ti-51Ni合金中包含了r相以及马氏体m相。较低退火温度下合金中形成了具有纤维特征组织,较高退火温度下在合金中存在众多的尺寸较小的等轴晶结构。合金中的马氏体组织发生正、逆相变过程的峰值温度先上升后下降,合金中的r相组织发生正、逆相变过程的峰值温度单调下降。为了提高Ti-51Ni合金的力学强度,应在300~400℃范围内对其进行退火处理;如果需要提高Ti-51Ni合金的塑性,需将退火温度设定在500~600℃之间。随着温度继续上升接近马氏体的相变温度时,MR发生快速减小,从而引起逆马氏体相变的过程。当退火温度上升后,残余应发生了先减小后增大的现象。     

ZnO—MgO—Al2O3陶瓷性能研究

ＺｎＯ－ＭｇＯ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３陶瓷是一种复合烧结体，其主晶相为ＺｎＯ与ＺｎＡｌ２Ｏ４，且均以晶粒存在。ＭｇＯ能调节电阻温度系数，使之由负变为正。Ａｌ２Ｏ３能调节电阻率。慢的降温速度能提高线性及耐浪涌能量，降低电阻温度系数。     

TiNi形状记忆合金在定应变约束下的马氏体相变

通过DSC及回复应变的测量,研究了定应变约束态加热-冷却过程对预应变TiNi形状记忆合金相变行为的影响。结果表明,在约束态相变中,逆相变温度区间拓宽;取向马氏体除向母相转变外,应变还要进一步增大;在正相变过程中,从母相生成的马氏体也具有变形结构。约束态不完全相变后,样品中存在两种马氏体;再变形马氏体和继承变形马氏体,在随后的无约束逆相变过程中,前者的相变温度高于后者,并且输出两段回复应变。     

TiNi形状记忆合金阻尼特性的研究

在变频、变温条件下，对两种热处理方式处理的Ti-50．8Ni(原子分数，％)合金的低频阻尼特性进行了研究，结果表明：中温退火处理的Ti-50．8Ni合金的阻尼性能好于高温固溶时效处理的合金；马氏体相、R相阻尼高于母相阻尼，相变过程(多相共存)出现阻尼峰，远远高于母相、马氏体相阻尼，同时伴随有最小弹性模量峰，即相变时材料出现软化现象；相变时阻尼与频率成反比，频率越高，相变阻尼峰越不明显，频率对弹性模量变化几乎没有影响；相变结束合金的阻尼对温度及频率不敏感；中温退火处理的Ti-50．8Ni合金在降温过程中由于温度和应力的复合作用导致多次相变，出现受频率影响的多个相变阻尼峰。     

Fe—30Mn—6Si合金（SMA）形状恢复过程的内耗和电阻分析

用内耗、电阻、长度变化方法研究了Ｆｅ－Ｍｎ－Ｓｉ合金的形状恢复现象。用Ｘ射线衍射作了相的定性分析。电阻变化较灵敏地反映ε相数量的变化；内耗能反应形状变化的温度区间和速度；长度变化则直接反映形状恢复情况。实验表明：ε→γ转变有跃变性质，并在远大于Ａｓ２至Ｓｆ２的温度区间内进行。热诱发的ε→γ相变对形状恢复有贡献。但形变诱发马氏体的逆相变的贡献是主要的。γ→ε相变引起电阻增加，ε→γ相变引起电阻下降。     

热循环对预应变NiTi记忆合金丝/铝基复合材料马氏体逆相变的影响

采用热压法将0.26mm的NiTi合金丝复合于铝中,利用SEM,DSC,热膨胀仪等实验手段研究了热循环对预应变为4%的NiTi合金丝/铝基复合材料马氏体逆相变的影响。结果表明,在第一次加热过程中,马氏体逆转变开始温度明显升高;第二次加热过程中逆转变开始温度比未预应变样品略有降低;随热循环次数增加,逆相变开始温度降低;当循环次数超过30次后,逆转变温度几乎保持不变。并对热循环过程中的马氏相变过程进行了分析讨论。     

预应变对TiNi薄膜相变温度及热滞的影响

用电阻法研究了预应变对 Ｔｉ＿（５１）Ｎｉ＿（４９）（原子分数）薄膜相变温度及相变热滞后的影响．结果表 明;ＴＩＮｉ薄膜马氏体态预变形后,第一次逆相变开始温度Ａ~ｄ_Ｂ对随预应变量的增大而升高,而第一次马氏 体相变温度Ｍ＿Ｓ和第二次逆相变开始温度Ａ＿Ｓ的变化与预应变量（з＿ｄ）相关：当з＿ｄ＜５％时,Ｍ＿Ｓ和Ａ＿Ｓ 几乎保持预变形前的温度值,而当з＿ｄ＞５％时,Ｍ＿Ｓ和Ａ＿Ｓ随з＿ｄ的增大而升高;预应变后ＴｉＮｉ薄膜 的相变热滞（Ａ~ｄ_Ｂ-Ｍ＿Ｓ）也随з＿ｄ的增加而增大,但当з＿ｄ＞５％时,其值开始减小 预变形引起Ｔｉ＿５１Ｎｉ＿４９ 薄膜的相变温度和热滞的变化与弹性应变能的变化及位错有关．     

NiTi（0.46wt%Cu）形状记忆合金中的诱发R相变

本文用电阻和 x-射线衍射的方法,对含0.46(wt)%Cu 的 NiTi 形状记忆合金中的 R相变进行了研究。结果表明,在本试验条件下,该合金中未能观察到 R 相变。然而,通过热循环或应力热循环可诱发出 R 相变,导致(011)B_2峰明显地分裂为(011)_R 和(0ì1)_R 两个次峰。应力循环的作用要大于热循环。特别是当低于 M_s 点时,马氏体大量生成的同时,(011)_R 峰比(0ì1)_R 峰更快消失。     

外加载荷对热弹性马氏体正-逆相变影响机制的相场模拟研究

本工作建立了一种新的马氏体逆相变的相场模型,以Cu-Al-Ni合金为例,研究了热弹性马氏体正相变和逆相变的演化规律,揭示了热弹性马氏体的形状记忆效应。同时模拟了拉伸释放弹性应变能这种机制对热弹性马氏体相变和热弹性马氏体逆相变的作用,研究了外加载荷对马氏体逆相变温度As的影响。模拟结果表明：应变能是形状记忆合金马氏体相变的阻力,是其逆相变的驱动力。在马氏体正相变过程中,拉伸载荷释放了应变能,降低了相变阻力,从而对马氏体相变起促进作用;在马氏体的逆相变过程中,由于拉伸载荷降低了马氏体所储存的应变能,因而降低了逆相变过程的驱动力,使合金逆相变As温度升高,进而提高了热弹性马氏体的低温稳定性。模拟结果与实验结果相一致。     

Effect of low temperature ageing on the transformation behaviour of near-equiatomic NiTi

A unique three-stage transformation behaviour on cooling has been observed in a Ti-50.2 at% Ni alloy after a low temperature ageing treatment. The cooling transformation in the aged alloy occurred as a three-stage process of austenite-to-R phase transition followed by two separate martensitic transformations. The R phase transition developed during ageing with a clear second order nature initially and gradually evolved into a predominantly first order process. The occurrence of the R transition is not associated with a decrease in the martensitic transformation temperature during ageing. The reverse transformation to austenite occurred in one step, regardless of the nature of the forward transformation on cooling. An all-round shape memory effect was observed in aged samples. These experimental observations suggest that precipitation induced by the ageing treatment is responsible for the unusual transformation behaviour. This revised version was published online in November 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Deformation behaviour and shape memory effect of near equi-atomic NiTi alloy

The mechanical shape memory effect associated with the martensitic-type transformation which occurs in polycrystalline Ti-50.3 at. % Ni alloy has been investigated using the techniques of transmission and optical microscopy. Deformation of initially partially transformed material within the recoverable strain range was found to occur by: (1) stress-induced transformation of the most favourably oriented existing martensite variants at the expense of adjacent unfavourably oriented variants and retained high temperature phase (2) stress-induced re-orientation of favourably oriented martensite by utilizing the most favourably oriented twin system, and (3) stress-induced twin-boundary migration within the martensite. The reverse transformation during heating restores the original grain structure of the high-temperature phase in a highly coherent manner. It was concluded that deformation modes limited to those involved in the transformation process and the reversibility of the transformation give rise to the memory effect.     

Phase transformation behavior and wire drawing properties of Ti-Ni-Mo shape memory alloys

Transformation behavior and wire drawing properties of Ti-Ni-Mo shape memory alloys have been investigated by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements, X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, tensile tests and wire drawing tests. Mo addition to a Ti-Ni binary alloy induced the R phase transformation, and consequently Ti-Ni-Mo alloys showed two stage transformation, i.e., from the B2(cubic) parent phase to the R(rhombohedral) phase, and then from the R phase to B19(monoclinic) phase. In the thermo-mechanically treated 51Ti-48.3Ni-0.7Mo alloy, reverse transformation temperature, Af, kept constant, irrespective of thermo-mechanical treatment conditions, while it changed in the thermo-mechanically treated 51Ti-49Ni and 51Ti-48.5Ni-0.5Mo alloys. Mo addition to Ti-Ni binary alloy decreased wire drawing stress. Wire drawing stress decreased with raising intermediate annealing temperature monotonously when the annealing treatment was made in vacuum. When the annealing treatment was made in air, however, it decreased with raising annealing temperature up to 923 K, and then increased. Optimum intermediate annealing temperature of Ti-Ni-Mo alloys for wire drawing was 823 K, above which a thick oxide film which reduced the drawability of the alloys was formed on the surface of alloy wires.     

形变时效对FeMnSiCrNi合金形状回复率和相变温度的影响

为了进一步提高Fe-14Mn-6Si-8Cr-5Ni合金的形状记忆效应,对固溶态合金采用了形变时效的方法处理,并利用光学显微分析、X射线衍射分析和透射电子显微分析的测试手段分析了时效温度和时效时间对合金形状回复率和相变温度的影响.结果表明,固溶态合金经10%拉伸和600℃时效10 min时,形状回复率提高幅度最大,由固溶态的48%提高到84.7%,并且合金γ→ε马氏体转变的起始温度Ms由固溶态的34℃降低到13.2℃.合金的形状回复率得到提高的主要原因是合金中热诱发ε马氏体已经消失,组织为奥氏体和大量定向α’马氏体,这样的组织特征有利于应力诱发γ→ε马氏体相变以及它们的逆相变.     

Factors Affecting Transformation Temperatures in Fe-Mn-Si-Cr-Ni Shape Memory Alloy

1. IntroductionFe-Mn-St-Cr-Ni shape memory alloys exhibit notonly a good shape memory effect (SME), but also agood corrosion resistanced'2] ) compared with Fe-MuSt alloys. Fulthermore, it can be used in manufacturing pipe couplings because of its high phase transformation temperatures and great thermal hysteresis.But the recovery strain in these alloys is still low (lessthan 2%), which licits their application in pipe couplings. Therefore, to increase the recovery strain iskey to their pra…     

CuAlBeCr形状记忆合金组织结构与形状记忆效应的研究

本文研究了热处理制度对含微量Cr的CuAlBe合金的马氏体逆转变及形状记忆效应的影响,并通过正电子湮没Doppler增宽线性参数的测量及金相组织和相结构分析,探讨了组织结构与记忆效应间的内在联系。结果表明,分级淬火态的CuAlBeCr合金具有相对最好的记忆性能(逆变起始温度低,恢复率大),而直接淬火的记忆性能最差。合金中空位型晶体缺陷的浓度显著影响马氏体逆转变开始的温度,空位浓度愈低,则马氏体逆转变开始的温度愈低,所研究的CuAlBeCr合金逆转变完成的区间宽(逆转变终了温度A′_f≈200℃),但该类合金在较高的温度下(≈400℃)具有比CuZnAl合金更好的记忆效应(逆转变动作快,恢复率大)。     

预应变对铝基体中复合的TiNi合金丝马氏体逆相变的影响

采用示差扫描热分析(DSC)、X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电子显微分析(SEM)等方法,研究了预应变对铝基体中复合的TiNi形状记忆合金丝的马氏体逆相变的影响.结果表明,预应变的TiNi丝发生两种逆相变,一种是热致马氏体(TIM)的逆相变,另一种是应力诱发马氏体(SIM)的逆相变.预应变样品的TIM逆相变的起始温度与未预应变样品的基本相同.SIM逆相变的起始温度随预应变的增大而升高.TIM和SIM逆相变的分数随预应变的增大而减少.     

Transformations and Two Way Memory Effect Associated with Solution-treatment Temperature

Effect of solution treatment temperature on transformations and two way memory, effect in a Ti-55.2 wt-%Ni alloy was investigated. The results show that with increasing the solution treatmenttemperature (T_s), two way memory effect (TWME) decreases continuously and temperatures ofmartensite and reverse, martensite transformations (MR) rise, but the temperature of R start trans-formation (parent→R) does not change. The results of the internal friction measurements indicatethat when T_s=1073 K, internal friction peaks of MR and P→R transformations are larger thanthose of the specimens after solution-treatments at 973 and 1173 K. With increasing T_s, the de-crease of TWME can be attributed to that the defect stress field caused by the rolling fades out grad-ually and preferential martensite variants, which fit into the defect stress field, decrease. The changesof transformation temperatures and internal friction peaks with T_s are closely related to the changeof defect numbers.