Strip formation and process stability in twin roll strip casting

Process stability in the thin strip casting process of steel has been investigated with a laboratory pilot caster. Depending on the steel grade and the process parameters irregular process states could be observed. It has been proved experimentally that the observed behaviour is not caused by the regulation system. Investigations of microsections on the cast strips have shown evidence of periodical changes in heat flux during solidification and strip formation as the reason for observed oscillating process variables. Similar to conventional flat rolling forward and backward slip between strip and casting rolls during the joining of the shells can occur. Under certain combinations the process parameters and the cast material a backward‐slip can lead to local lift‐offs of the solidified shells. This circumstance significantly disturbs the heat flux and consequently the solidification, even periodically.     

双辊薄带连铸生产不锈钢技术探讨

不锈钢是双辊薄带连铸工艺重点开发的钢种之一.综述了不锈钢的分类和性能特点,简要介绍了不锈钢的几种生产型式,详细讨论了双辊薄带连铸生产不锈钢的技术要点和难点.     

Cracking phenomena in twin roll strip casting of steel

In thin strip casting of steel surface cracks may occur; it was analysed which influencing parameters are important and how the cracks can be avoided. The studies, mainly with C60‐steel, lead to the following results: the cracks are formed during the casting process under high temperatures; on the strip surface hot and colder areas occur, and the cracks have to be studied in both areas separately; mostly transverse cracks are formed; the crack density depends on roll material, ‐ force, ‐ roughness, ‐ surface layers; the cracks are initiated by a temperature break down and by rolling within the pool range.     

双辊薄带铸轧熔池流动规律分析与试验

  依据相似性原理采用1[∶]1比例搭建双辊薄带铸轧水模型试验平台,研究了不同铸速对铸轧熔池流动规律的影响,并建立低雷诺数的湍流数学模型,对熔池内流场和温度场分布规律进行分析。研究结果表明,由于液体的黏性力和轧辊的挤压作用,在熔池芯部区域会产生回流现象。芯部回流可在一定程度上搅动熔池并促使芯部温度降低,有利于促使温度场和溶质场均匀稳定。研究还表明,随着铸轧速度的增加,回流区位置下移且回流区面积增大,回流作用增强。但过大的铸轧速度反而会使液面波动加剧、Kiss点位置过低等问题产生,从而影响产品质量。     

双辊铸轧热变形及热应力的数值模拟

结晶辊内部结构非常复杂,受热发生变形后,辊表面形状变得不规则,因此研究结晶辊温度场、热应力及热变形,掌握其分布规律,对于控制结晶辊的变形,得到均匀的铸带具有重要意义.以结晶辊为主要研究对象,采用热结构直接耦合方法计算结晶辊的温度场、热应力和热变形,为结晶辊的设计提供参考.结果表明,选用Be-Co-Cu作为结晶辊材质,辊转动30 s后,辊外表面温度和最大等效应力保持稳定,最高和最低温度分别为198和449℃,最大等效应力为1041 MPa;转动300 s后,辊内部温度及变形达到稳定状态,辊外表面径向位移都在0.4～0.5mm之间.通过对比Be-Co-Cu材质和钢材质的温度和最大等效应力,得出Be-Co-Cu材质更适合于制造双辊的结论.     

双辊薄带连铸用结晶辊套温度场及其热变形

利用非线性热力耦合有限元方法,对浇铸过程中结晶辊辊套的温度场分布进行了研究,并同时计算出了结晶辊的热变形.给出了浇铸稳定阶段的结晶辊温度场分布和热变形规律;分析了浇铸速度对结晶辊温度场和热变形的影响.通过分析得出,在浇铸稳定阶段结晶辊温度只在表层区域发生周期性变化,内部保持基本稳定,浇铸速度越低,周期性变化幅度越大.     

Microstructure of shot-blasting casting roll and effect on strip solidification during strip-casting process

In the strip-casting process,the surface topography of the casting roll has a significant influence on the solidification microstructure and surface quality of the as-cast strip. Shot-blasting treatment is an important way to achieve a suitable surface topography on the casting roll. In this study,a casting roll of beryllium copper alloy was shot blasted using steel pellets in the laboratory,resulting in a randomly distributed discontinuous peak and dent surface topography,in which cold deformation-slip bands and fine-deformation twins were formed. The thickness of the deformed copper alloy was about 100 μm during the shot-blasting process,and the copper hardness value increased significantly within 40 μm of the surface,with a maximum increase of more than 20% compared to the mean substrate hardness value. Within 60-100 μm of the surface,the hardness at the peak position was still higher than the copper substrate mean value,but the hardness at the dents was not,which was mainly due to the copper alloy slip and twinning deformation mechanisms. The surface hardness was similar to that of the substrate after the shot-blasted sample had been subjected to thermal shock. The molten steel first chilled and nucleated at the surface peaks of the casting roll;furthermore,fine dendrites grew and crossed over the middle of the dents. Therefore,the peak intervals of the shot-blasted surface are an important factor in solidification quality control.     

Simple model for thermal calculation in twin-roll strip casting process

The numerical model for the solidification process of metal in the twin-roll type strip caster is presented in this paper. In the model the temperature change as well as the eliminating process of latent heat is calculated along the stream lines obtained by a comparatively simple velocity field. The calculations are carried out on the strip casting of type 304 stainless steel under various casting parameters. The results so obtained show a good fit to the experimental ones, and suggest that the control of the height of molten pool is of importance to the establishment of the optimal operation.     

Transient thermal model of the continuous single-wheel thin-strip casting process

A transient heat-transfer model (STRIP1D) has been developed to simulate the single-roll continuous strip-casting process. The model predicts temperature in the solidifying strip coupled with heat transfer in the rotating wheel, using an explicit finite difference procedure. The model has been calibrated using strip thickness data from a test caster at ARMCO Inc. (Middletown, OH) and verified with a range of other available measurements. The strip/wheel interface contact resistance and heat transfer were investigated in particular, and an empirical formula to calculate this heat-transfer coefficient as a function of contact time was obtained. Wheel temperature and final strip thickness are investigated as a function of casting speed, liquid steel pool depth, superheat, coatings on the wheel hot surface, strip detachment point, wheel wall thickness, and wheel material.     

高拉速下凝固进程的试验测量与模型预测

 根据京唐高拉速试验特点,结合板坯连铸机设备和洁净钢连铸工艺特点和要求,建立连铸板坯凝固传热模型并结合射钉法测量综合预测了1.9～2.4 m/min高拉速条件下铸坯的凝固坯壳厚度和凝固终点位置。综合研究表明,结合射钉试验和数值模拟能更精确跟踪铸坯的凝固进程,为高拉速试验提供准确的凝固信息,并能为评价连铸机综合冷却能力、优化二冷制度和轻压下工艺提供合理的参考信息。     

辊子错位对铸坯鼓肚变形的影响

 由于加工、安装、变形与磨损等原因,连铸机辊列中的辊子会偏离设计位置而产生错位,这对铸坯鼓肚变形产生较大影响。基于高温铸坯黏弹塑性本构方程,建立两辊间距内的铸坯坯壳动态鼓肚数学模型,并利用模型计算试验铸机的铸坯坯壳鼓肚曲线,依照实测数据验证了模型的有效性。根据奥钢联工业连铸机的设备及工艺参数,计算铸机不同扇形段内铸坯坯壳在不同辊子错位量情况下的鼓肚变形,并讨论在辊子发生错位的情况下辊间距对铸坯坯壳固液交界面处最大应变的影响,并给出铸机辊间距的确定方法。     

Effect of electric current pulse on solidification of silicon steel pertinent to twin roll casting

Abstract

An experimental study with respect to the influence of electric current pulse (ECP) on the solidification structure of molten silicon steel was investigated with a copper mould designed to simulate the twin roll casting process. The experimental results showed that the application of ECP can increase the proportion of equiaxed grains up to 67·5%. The mechanism of exerting ECP is also discussed. It can be confirmed that the application of ECP on twin roll casting could effectively improve the solidification structure of silicon steel strip.     

Numerical analysis of fluid flow and heat transfer in pool of twin roll strip caster

Abstract

Twin roll strip casting is regarded as a prospective technology offering many economic benefits. The control of fluid flow in the pool is, however, particularly difficult due to the high casting speed and small pool volume. In the present study, a three-dimensional mathematical model has been developed for the coupled analysis of fluid flow, heat transfer and solidification in the pool using the finite difference method. The characteristics of transport phenomena in the pool of a twin roll strip caster using a wedge type melt delivery system were analysed by numerical simulation. The results show that it is desirable for the wedge melt delivery system to provide the uniformity of flow and temperature in the pool to maintain the casting process and improve the strip quality.     

水平连铸引拉铸紫铜工艺的初探

探讨水平连铸拉铸紫铜熔炼、铸造的工艺特点，分析拉铸工艺参数对铸坯质量的影响．     

A mathematical model of the thermal field in continuous hot rolling of strip and simulation of the process

Development of a mathematical model of the thermal process and flowchart of simulation. Application of the model to start of rolling when the rolls have a homogeneous temperature and to rolls having a temperature profile brought about during the previous revolution. Interpretation of the results in terms of design parameters of a strip rolling mill. Application of the model for estimating physical constants. Further development.     

双辊薄带钢连铸侧封技术研究

侧封问题是双辊薄带连铸技术的一个关键性问题。分固体板侧封和电磁侧封两个方面综述了侧封技术的发展状况,分析了它们的优缺点。     

退火温度对双辊薄带连铸高强度无取向硅钢组织和性能的影响

摘要：研究了退火温度对双辊薄带连铸Si质量分数为3.2%的高强度无取向硅钢组织、织构和性能的影响。结果表明,700℃保温时试验钢开始发生再结晶;800℃保温时,试验钢已完全再结晶,平均晶粒尺寸为26.4μm;900和1000℃保温时,试验钢中的晶粒开始逐渐长大,平均晶粒尺寸分别长大到33.8和40.9μm,且900℃退火时晶粒组织最均匀。随着退火温度的升高,试验钢中有利织构组分λ织构逐渐增强,Goss织构则在900℃退火时强度最强。因此,试验钢在900℃退火时有利于兼顾磁性能和力学性能。     

薄带连铸用侧封板服役过程中热应力分析

为解决薄带连铸用侧封板服役过程中热应力过大导致破裂的问题,采用数值模拟的方法,通过热-结构耦合分析,研究了 BN基侧封板不同材料参数和预热温度对服役过程热应力的影响,并对高抗侵蚀性复合结构侧封板的适用性进行了讨论.结果表明,可以通过降低材料的线膨胀系数、弹性模量以及增大导热系数来降低侧封板服役过程中的热应力;预热温度越...     

Modelling molten flux layer thickness profiles in compact strip process moulds for continuous thin slab casting

Abstract

The important functions promoted by powdered flux added over the liquid steel surface in continuous casting moulds are strongly affected by the thickness of the liquid layer that forms as a result of the heat absorbed. The present work discusses the results of a three-dimensional steady state model, developed to represent the coupled fluid flow and heat transfer phenomena that determine thickness profiles of the liquid flux layer. Since the laminar flow of the liquid slag layer depends on the shearing imposed on it by the turbulent motion of the liquid steel beneath it, and since additionally this motion is strongly influenced by the flow characteristics of the steel stream poured into the mould through the submerged entry nozzle (SEN), separate turbulent flow models for the liquid steel in the SEN and the mould were also developed. The consistency among the models and their accuracy was judged by comparing thickness and temperature flux profiles measured in plant against predicted ones; the comparison showed good agreement. The effects of casting speed, mould width, and flux viscosity and heat of melting on the liquid layer thickness were investigated. The last variable was found to exert the most marked influence. Different from conventional casting moulds, where the liquid layer thickness increases with increasing casting speed, in compact strip process moulds the thickness remains almost constant with increasing casting speed. This difference is well accounted for by the model, which suggests that this behaviour stems from the different slag flow patterns generated in straight, wide moulds and in thin moulds having a central upper funnel shaped section.