食物营养组分与药物的相互作用

饮食中的一些营养组分会与药物发生相互作用,并通过吸收、分布、代谢和排泄过程影响药物的生物利用度和疗效。因此,不仅在新药的研发过程中要重视食物对口服药物疗效的影响,而且在临床用药时也应关注合理饮食的良性效果。通过参阅大量文献,分析营养素对药物代谢动力学影响,旨在指导患者在服药期间合理饮食,以减少食物-药物相互作用对机体产生的不良影响,达到提高营养素和药物双吸收的目的。     

食品营养素的相互作用

人们每天除食用各种食物外,还吃一些可食物品。它包括乙醇(酒精)、维生素、矿物质和多种药物。对这些摄取物,不论是单独食用或者和药物一起服用,还是在同一时间或在不同时间服用,它们之间都会相互起作用。因之,一种食品或药物的功效,可能因服用其他物品而改变。这种变化取决于另一种物质的摄取量和时间。这篇文摘论述了发生在食物中营养素之间的相互作用。一、三大营养素与其它营养素的相互作用。三大营养素——蛋白质、碳水化合物和脂肪——与其它营养素的相互作用,一般是     

营养与药物的关系

人体在饮食过程中,食物中的一些营养成分会和一些药物发生相互作用,并且通过吸收代谢以及排泄等过程进一步的影响药物的生物利用和相关的疗效。因此,在新药的研发以及药物的服用过程中,需要重视食物中的营养成分对药物效果的影响,尤其是在临床用药的过程中,需要合理的搭配营养并关注饮食习惯的情况。本文通过阅读文献,进一步的分析营养元素对药物代谢和药物动力学的影响,旨在帮助患者在服用药物期间,搭配合理的饮食习惯,减少食物中的营养元素与药物之间发生相互作用从而对人体产生的不良影响,最终达到药物的最佳作用效果和营养的最佳吸收状态。     

胃食管反流的饮食调控及生活质量管理

<正>胃食管反流病是临床上一种常见的疾病。针对该病，笔者在饮食方面提出将少量多餐、低脂、低醋、低碱性食物作为日常饮食方式，远离刺激性食物并适当摄入高纤维食物；在用药方面，强调药物的正确使用方法和药物与其他药物的相互作用。本研究旨在为胃食管反流病患者提供饮食和药物治疗方面的指导，提高胃食管反流病患者的生活质量。     

服药期间，饮食有讲究

俗话说:“吃药不忌嘴,跑断医生腿”,其实这话非常有道理。临床中有许多药物可与食物发生相互作用而降低药效或者导致其它副作用发生,所以在服药期间,详细查看药品说明书,饮食上不要和药物起冲突,尽量做到一致。举例如下,以提醒大家。服用青霉素时不要与酸性果汁或饮品同服,这些饮料可加快青霉素分解,降低药效;服用四环素类(强力霉素除外)不要与牛奶、奶制品或富含铁质的食物同服,因为其中的阳离子(钙、铁、镁)可与四环素结合形成化合物(螯合物)而难以吸收;林可霉素不要与食物同服或进食后服本药,这样可能引起腹泻;红霉素不要与酸性果汁或饮料同服,它们可加速红霉素分解;灰黄霉素不要和油腻食     

食物成分对肠道菌群结构的影响

肠道菌群是人体重要的"微生物器官",在食物消化吸收、营养代谢、免疫功能激活、肠道屏障和机体行为调控等方面起着至关重要的作用。肠道菌群与人体之间的相互作用关系受到宿主基因型、饮食、生活环境、生活习惯、分娩方式、抗生素等因素的影响,其中饮食因素是最容易控制或改变的因素。食物成分中含有肠道菌群代谢所需的底物,并通过多种方式影响肠道菌群的结构和功能。长期相对固定的饮食结构使肠道菌群趋于稳定,当饮食结构改变时,肠道菌群也会发生相应的变化。肠道菌群结构的可变性揭示了饮食干预手段应用于肠道菌群结构平衡的调节和疾病治疗的可能性。就饮食结构、食物成分及其代谢物对肠道菌群结构的影响进行综述,旨在为未来研究饮食干预调节肠道菌群,预防疾病提供参考和新的思路。     

食物对药物作用的影响

同一种疾病使用同样的药物,有的人取得了良好的疗效,而有的人不仅疗效不明显,还产生了严重的不良反应,其中的原因除了个体的差异外,还可能与食物对药物作用的影响有关.过去对药物之间相互作用的研究较多,而忽视了食物对药物作用的影响.随着科学的发展和人们保健意识的提高,食物与药物的相互作用逐渐得到了人们的重视.     

“四性”、“五味”话吃喝

“药食同源”与食物“四性” 中国传统医学最重要的一项主张就是“药食同源”,认为有些药就是食物,而基本上食物都具药性和药用价值,通过“食补”、”食疗”治疗某些疾病．比吃药好得多。由此,也将中医理论中药物具有“四性”、“五味”的观点引入到人们的日常饮食中,认为食物同样具有“四性“、“五味”．每一种食物性味的不同．对人体的作用也就不同。因此．人们有必要了解不同食物的性味,以便“辨证“饮食,才能够适当搭配,     

加工对食物过敏蛋白致敏性影响的研究进展

食物过敏已成为世界关注的重大公共卫生和食品安全问题。文章综述近年来国内外有关加工处理(热加工和非热加工)对食物过敏蛋白致敏性的影响:加工方式、处理强度等均会影响过敏蛋白的分子特性,从而导致其或增敏、或脱敏、或不变;加工虽不能完全消除过敏原的致敏潜力,但可通过加工方式和加工参数的选择使其致敏潜力最小化。通过选择合适的食品加工方式控制食物过敏原,在不改变食物营养价值的条件下,获得脱敏性食物,满足食物易敏人群的正常饮食需求,为消费者提供安全食品,是现代食品工业的重要任务之一。     

营养与药物的关系

营养与药物之间的相互作用,一方面是会导致药物的代谢出现变化,尤其是药动学和药效学上的改变,影响人体对药物的吸收,严重的话很可能会导致药物的毒性加强。另一方面,药物可以引起人体内营养成分和状况的改变,进而影响疾病的预后。加强营养与药物之间关系的认识程度,更好地了解药物和饮食之间的配伍,增强不良反应的监测,能有效预防营养与药物之间产生的不利情况。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press