共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
This paper is about exploring the various systems related aspects pertinent in the recent Parameterized Linear Array with
a Reconfigurable Pipelined Bus System (LARPBS(p)) model. The two principal features of the LARPBS(p) model is, firstly, its
bridging model definition similar to that of the BSP model leading to a more detailed algorithm cost analysis than other models,
and secondly, the incorporation of several new communication primitives not defined in earlier models. This paper reviews
the systems related aspects of earlier optical bus models and summarizes the LARPBS(p) model. The main part of this paper
considers some practical systems related aspects of the LARPBS(p) model, specifically: fiber and free space based implementations,
feasibility study, communication traffic analysis, bus collision avoidance, and the cost analysis of a MIMD algorithm. An
overview perspective of the work is presented, thereby: the edge of systems related research is identified.
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2.
The complexity of group dynamics occurring in small group interactions often hinders the performance of teams. The availability
of rich multimodal information about what is going on during the meeting makes it possible to explore the possibility of providing
support to dysfunctional teams from facilitation to training sessions addressing both the individuals and the group as a whole.
A necessary step in this direction is that of capturing and understanding group dynamics. In this paper, we discuss a particular
scenario, in which meeting participants receive multimedia feedback on their relational behaviour, as a first step towards
increasing self-awareness. We describe the background and the motivation for a coding scheme for annotating meeting recordings
partially inspired by the Bales’ Interaction Process Analysis. This coding scheme was aimed at identifying suitable observable
behavioural sequences. The study is complemented with an experimental investigation on the acceptability of such a service.
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3.
In this paper, we present a new model for time-series forecasting using radial basis functions (RBFs) as a unit of artificial neural networks (ANNs), which allows the inclusion of exogenous information (EI) without additional pre-processing. We begin by summarizing the most well-known EI techniques used ad hoc, i.e., principal component analysis (PCA) and independent component analysis (ICA). We analyze the advantages and disadvantages of these techniques in time-series forecasting using Spanish bank and company stocks. Then, we describe a new hybrid model for time-series forecasting which combines ANNs with genetic algorithms (GAs). We also describe the possibilities when implementing the model on parallel processing systems. 相似文献
4.
We introduce a system for sensing complex social systems with data collected from 100 mobile phones over the course of 9 months.
We demonstrate the ability to use standard Bluetooth-enabled mobile telephones to measure information access and use in different
contexts, recognize social patterns in daily user activity, infer relationships, identify socially significant locations,
and model organizational rhythms.
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5.
Assumptions are frequently made during requirements analysis of a system about the trustworthiness of its various components
(including human components). These trust assumptions, whether implicit or explicit, affect the scope of the analysis, derivation
of security requirements, and in some cases how functionality is realized. This paper presents trust assumptions in the context
of analysis of security requirements. A running example shows how trust assumptions can be used by a requirements engineer
to help define and limit the scope of analysis and to document the decisions made during the process. The paper concludes
with a case study examining the impact of trust assumptions on software that uses the secure electronic transaction specification.
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6.
Quantitative usability requirements are a critical but challenging, and hence an often neglected aspect of a usability engineering process. A case study is described where quantitative usability requirements played a key role in the development of a new user interface of a mobile phone. Within the practical constraints of the project, existing methods for determining usability requirements and evaluating the extent to which these are met, could not be applied as such, therefore tailored methods had to be developed. These methods and their applications are discussed. 相似文献
7.
The paper reflects on the unique experience of social and technological development in Lithuania since the regaining of independence
as a newly reshaped society constructing a distinctive competitive IST-based model at global level. This has presented Lithuanian
pattern of how to integrate different experiences and relations between generations in implementing complex information society
approaches. The resulting programme in general is linked to the Lisbon objectives of the European Union. The experience of
transitional countries in Europe, each different but facing some common problems, may be useful to developing countries in
Africa.
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8.
An important area of Human Reliability Assessment in interactive systems is the ability to understand the causes of human
error and to model their occurrence. This paper investigates a new approach to analysis of task failures based on patterns
of operator behaviour, in contrast with more traditional event-based approaches. It considers, as a case study, a formal model
of an Air Traffic Control system operator’s task which incorporates a simple model of the high-level cognitive processes involved.
The cognitive model is formalised in the CSP process algebra. Various patterns of behaviour that could lead to task failure
are described using temporal logic. Then a model-checking technique is used to verify whether the set of selected behavioural
patterns is sound and complete with respect to the definition of task failure. The decomposition is shown to be incomplete
and a new behavioural pattern is identified, which appears to have been overlooked in the informal analysis of the problem.
This illustrates how formal analysis of operator models can yield fresh insights into how failures may arise in interactive
systems.
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9.
We give a brief overview of a logic-based symbolic modeling language PRISM which provides a unified approach to generative
probabilistic models including Bayesian networks, hidden Markov models and probabilistic context free grammars. We include
some experimental result with a probabilistic context free grammar extracted from the Penn Treebank. We also show EM learning
of a probabilistic context free graph grammar as an example of exploring a new area.
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10.
Grid computing, which is characterized by large-scale sharing and collaboration of dynamic distributed resources has quickly
become a mainstream technology in distributed computing and is changing the traditional way of software development. In this
article, we present a grid-based software testing framework for unit and integration test, which takes advantage of the large-scale
and cost-efficient computational grid resources to establish a testbed for supporting automated software test in complex software
applications. Within this software testing framework, a dynamic bag-of-tasks model using swarm intelligence is developed to
adaptively schedule unit test cases. Various high-confidence computing mechanisms, such as redundancy, intermediate value
checks, verification code injection, and consistency checks are employed to verify the correctness of each test case execution
on the grid. Grid workflow is used to coordinate various test units for integration test. Overall, we expect that the grid-based
software testing framework can provide efficient and trustworthy services to significantly accelerate the testing process
with large-scale software testing.
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11.
Listening to music on personal, digital devices whilst mobile is an enjoyable, everyday activity. We explore a scheme for
exploiting this practice to immerse listeners in navigation cues. Our prototype, ONTRACK, continuously adapts audio, modifying
the spatial balance and volume to lead listeners to their target destination. First we report on an initial lab-based evaluation
that demonstrated the approach’s efficacy: users were able to complete tasks within a reasonable time and their subjective
feedback was positive. Encouraged by these results we constructed a handheld prototype. Here, we discuss this implementation
and the results of field-trials. These indicate that even with a low-fidelity realisation of the concept, users can quite
effectively navigate complicated routes.
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12.
We present a simulation of Turing machines by peptide–antibody interactions. In contrast to an earlier simulation, this new
technique simulates the computation steps automatically by the interaction between peptides and antibodies and does not rely
on a “look-and-do” approach, in which the Turing machine program would be interpreted by an extraneous computing agent. We
determine the resource requirements of the simulation. Towards a precise definition for peptide computing we construct a new
theoretical model. We examine how the simulations presented in this paper fits this model. We also give conditions on the
peptide computing model so that it can be simulated by a Turing machine.
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13.
We provide evidence of the feasibility and effectiveness of a middleware architecture for mobile devices (MoDs), which employs
dense distributions of small computerized entities for providing fault-tolerant location-aware services. We do so by describing
exemplary implementations based on radio frequency identification as an enabling technology. Firstly, we present prototypical
implementations of the hardware abstraction layer and of selected core middleware services. The latter enable a MoD to store
and retrieve data and position information in physical places in a fault-tolerant manner, and to identify places based on
a location abstraction which is robust against failure of individual tags. Secondly, we investigate the feasibility of some
higher-level services and applications by developing and evaluating prototypical systems for tracing and tracking, self-positioning,
and collaborative map-making.
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14.
A number of mobile applications have emerged that allow users to locate one another. However, people have expressed concerns
about the privacy implications associated with this class of software, suggesting that broad adoption may only happen to the
extent that these concerns are adequately addressed. In this article, we report on our work on P eopleF inder, an application that enables cell phone and laptop users to selectively share their locations with others (e.g. friends,
family, and colleagues). The objective of our work has been to better understand people’s attitudes and behaviors towards
privacy as they interact with such an application, and to explore technologies that empower users to more effectively and
efficiently specify their privacy preferences (or “policies”). These technologies include user interfaces for specifying rules
and auditing disclosures, as well as machine learning techniques to refine user policies based on their feedback. We present
evaluations of these technologies in the context of one laboratory study and three field studies.
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15.
In this paper, we present our joint efforts to design and develop parallel implementations of the GNU Scientific Library for
a wide variety of parallel platforms. The multilevel software architecture proposed provides several interfaces: a sequential
interface that hides the parallel nature of the library to sequential users, a parallel interface for parallel programmers,
and a web services based interface to provide remote access to the routines of the library. The physical level of the architecture
includes platforms ranging from distributed and shared-memory multiprocessors to hybrid systems and heterogeneous clusters.
Several well-known operations arising in discrete mathematics and sparse linear algebra are used to illustrate the challenges,
benefits, and performance of different parallelization approaches.
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16.
We present a study of using camera-phones and visual-tags to access mobile services. Firstly, a user-experience study is described in which participants were both observed learning to interact with a prototype mobile service and interviewed
about their experiences. Secondly, a pointing-device task is presented in which quantitative data was gathered regarding the speed and accuracy with which participants aimed and clicked
on visual-tags using camera-phones. We found that participants’ attitudes to visual-tag-based applications were broadly positive,
although they had several important reservations about camera-phone technology more generally. Data from our pointing-device
task demonstrated that novice users were able to aim and click on visual-tags quickly (well under 3 s per pointing-device
trial on average) and accurately (almost all meeting our defined speed/accuracy tradeoff of 6% error-rate). Based on our findings,
design lessons for camera-phone and visual-tag applications are presented.
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17.
In this paper, we present an Inverse Multi-Objective Robust Evolutionary (IMORE) design methodology that handles the presence
of uncertainty without making assumptions about the uncertainty structure. We model the clustering of uncertain events in
families of nested sets using a multi-level optimization search. To reduce the high computational costs of the proposed methodology
we proposed schemes for (1) adapting the step-size in estimating the uncertainty, and (2) trimming down the number of calls
to the objective function in the nested search. Both offline and online adaptation strategies are considered in conjunction
with the IMORE design algorithm. Design of Experiments (DOE) approaches further reduce the number of objective function calls
in the online adaptive IMORE algorithm. Empirical studies conducted on a series of test functions having diverse complexities
show that the proposed algorithms converge to a set of Pareto-optimal design solutions with non-dominated nominal and robustness
performances efficiently.
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18.
The quality of software systems are determined in part by their optimal configurations. Optimal configurations are desired
when the software is being deployed and during its lifetime. However, initial deployment and subsequent dynamic reconfiguration
of a software system is difficult because of the interplay of many interdependent factors, including cost, time, application
state, and system resources. As the size and complexity of software systems increases, procedures (manual or automated) that
assume a static software architecture and environment are becoming untenable. We have developed a novel technique for carrying
out the deployment and reconfiguration planning processes that leverages recent advances in the field of temporal planning.
We describe a tool called Planit, which manages the deployment and reconfiguration of a software system utilizing a temporal
planner. Given a model of the structure of a software system, the network upon which the system should be hosted, and a goal
configuration, Planit will use the temporal planner to devise possible deployments of the system. Given information about
changes in the state of the system, network and a revised goal, Planit will use the temporal planner to devise possible reconfigurations
of the system. We present the results of a case study in which Planit is applied to a system consisting of various components
that communicate across an application-level overlay network.
An earlier version of this paper was presented at ICTAI’03.
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19.
Ohne Zusammenfassung
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20.
This paper addresses the possibility of measuring perceived usability in an absolute way. It studies the impact of the nature
of the tasks performed in perceived software usability evaluation, using for this purpose the subjective evaluation of an
application’s performance via the Software Usability Measurement Inventory (SUMI). The paper reports on the post-hoc analysis
of data from a productivity study for testing the effect of changes in the graphical user interface (GUI) of a market leading
drafting application. Even though one would expect similar evaluations of an application’s usability for same releases, the
analysis reveals that the output of this subjective appreciation is context sensitive and therefore mediated by the research
design. Our study unmasked a significant interaction between the nature of the tasks used for the usability evaluation and
how users evaluate the performance of this application. This interaction challenges the concept of absolute benchmarking in
subjective usability evaluation, as some software evaluation methods aspire to provide, since subjective measurement of software
quality will be affected most likely by the nature of the testing materials used for the evaluation.
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