掺杂锗酸铋晶体(Bi_4Ge_3O_(12))的电子顺磁共振

用电子顺磁共振方法对 Fe、Cr 和 Mn 杂质在 Bi_4Ge_3O_(12)晶体中的位置和价态进行了研究。测试并分析了和 Fe~(3+)和 Cr~(3+)离子的 EPR 谱线位置随磁场方向的变化,确定了 Fe~(3+)和 Cr~(3+)主要进入氧四面体占据 Ge位。测试并分析了 Mn~(4+)和Mn~(2+)掺杂样品各向异性的 EPR 谱线,也测试了处于晶体粉末态及玻璃态的 Mn 掺杂样品的谱线,认为 Mn~(2+)离子进入氧八面体占据 Bi 位。紫外线辐照后 Mn 离子 EPR 信号降低表明辐照导致 Mn 离子价态改变。     

磁性氧化石墨烯的制备及其对Cu~(2+)的吸附性能

制备了一种磁性氧化石墨烯(GO-Fe_3O_4),并对其吸附铜离子(Cu~(2+))的性能进行了研究。研究了不同pH和初始浓度对GO-Fe_3O_4去除Cu~(2+)的影响。研究结果表明:改性四氧化三铁(Fe_3O_4@SiO_2)成功被接枝在GO的边缘,GO与Fe_3O_4@SiO_2质量配合比为4∶1,制得的GO-Fe_3O_4,在303℃,pH为4.5,Cu~(2+)初始质量浓度为124.5mg/L条件下,GO-Fe_3O_4对Cu~(2+)的平衡吸附容量达到76.5mg/g。GO-Fe_3O_4在使用第7次时,对Cu~(2+)吸附容量仍可达到55mg/g,具有良好的吸附性能。     

共沉淀法制备Fe-Ni合金粉末的热力学分析

通过共沉淀-热分解还原法,研究了一种容易实现的大规模制备Fe-Ni合金粉末的方法,根据质量守恒和同时平衡原理,建立了Ni~(2+)-Fe2~(2+)-C_2O_4~(2)--C_2N_2H_8-H_2O体系的热力学分析模型,并根据模型进行了相关计算,绘制了溶液中金属离子浓度对数-pH图,系统研究了沉淀过程中溶液pH值对溶液中各离子浓度的影响。结果表明,当pH值为3.5时,溶液中镍离子和亚铁离子的总浓度[Ni~(2+)]T、[Fe~(2+)]T达到一致,镍离子和亚铁离子的沉淀率相同,且沉淀基本完全,此时能够得到成分均匀性良好的Fe-Ni前驱体粉末。然后,将前驱体粉末在氢氩混合气氛中进行热分解还原,最终得到符合预期Ni/Fe摩尔比的合金粉末。     

基于铝酸盐类长余辉材料的Fe3+荧光探针

SrAl_2O_4∶Eu~(2+),Dy~(3+)是常见的长余辉发光材料,具有良好的发光和余辉性能,能够作为荧光共振能量转移(FRET)体系中能量供体,使探针具备在无光源激发条件下的检测能力.但其易发生水解反应而失去光学性能,这限制了其应用.对SrAl_2O_4∶Eu~(2+),Dy~(3+)进行表面修饰改性,并以其为基体制备可利用余辉进行检测的荧光探针具有重要的研究意义.本文利用正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)在酸性条件下的水解缩合在SrAl_2O_4∶Eu~(2+),Dy~(3+)表面包覆SiO_2以提高其耐水性,并通过硅烷偶联剂将其与罗丹明B连接构成一种新型荧光探针.采用扫描电镜、荧光光谱等检测手段对所制备探针进行表征,并分别研究了探针在有、无光源激发条件下的检测性能.结果表明,制备的探针对Fe~(3+)有较特殊的响应,可用于检测溶液中的Fe~(3+).该探针在光源激发下可定量检测溶液中100～500μmol/L浓度范围内的Fe~(3+),在无光源激发条件下可利用自身余辉检测溶液中500μmol/L以上浓度的Fe~(3+).     

微波低温烧结快速制备Na1+xZr2-xFex(PO4)3陶瓷固态电解质

根据NaZr_2(PO_4)_3(简称NZP)的晶体结构特征和电荷补偿机理,通过掺入Fe~(3+)对NZP固态电解质进行改性,采用微波烧结工艺在950℃保温1.5 h制备了Na_(1+x)Zr_(2-x)Fe_x(PO_4)_3(x=0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4)陶瓷电解质,系统研究了Fe~(3+)掺入量对电解质的物相组成、微观形貌、相对密度以及离子电导率的影响规律。研究结果发现,利用微波烧结工艺,经950℃处理1.5 h后,成功制备出单相、致密的Na_(1+x)Zr_(2-x)Fe_x(PO_4)_3陶瓷电解质,与传统固相烧结相比,极大降低了烧结温度、缩短了制备周期。且随着Fe~(3+)掺入量的增加,样品的相对密度增大,最大为93.8%。阻抗测试结果表明,Fe~(3+)的掺入可提高样品的离子电导率,当Fe~(3+)掺量为0.3～0.4,室温离子电导率约为6.5×10~(-6) S/cm,高温(573 K)下离子电导率达到1.56×10~(-3) S/cm。     

利用漫反射光谱研究SrAl_2O_4长余辉材料中Dy^(3+)和Eu^(2+)相关陷阱能级北大核心CSCD

在长余辉发光物理机制的研究中,确定发光材料中的缺陷能级是非常重要的。本文通过高温固相法制备了两组SrAl_2O_4∶Dy^(3+)和SrAl_2O_4∶Eu^(2+)样品,并采用漫反射光谱测定了SrAl_2O_4中一系列与Dy^(3+)和Eu^(2+)相关的吸收峰。对于SrAl_2O_4∶Dy^(3+)和SrAl_2O_4∶Eu^(2+),在其吸收谱的较低能量(长波长)和较高能量(短波长)区域内分别存在一组吸收峰。通过这些吸收峰可确定Dy^(3+)和Eu^(2+)掺杂在SrAl_2O_4带隙中引入的陷阱深度。结果表明Dy^(3+)离子能够在SrAl_2O_4中形成浅能级和深能级陷阱,而Eu^(2+)离子仅会形成浅能级陷阱。与文献报道的陷阱相比较,这些陷阱大部分和其它方法测得的数据相一致,小部分则是首次报道,可能是其它方法的测试范围所限而无法测得。我们认为距离导带0.6至1.2eV范围内的Dy^(3+)相关陷阱在SrAl_2O_4∶(Eu^(2+),Dy^(3+))长余辉发光过程中起着关键的作用。     

Gd_2O_3掺杂量对Ce_(1-x)Gd_xO_(2-δ)电解质导电性能的影响

在500～700℃时,Gd_2O_3掺杂CeO_2具有较高的离子电导率,从而被广泛应用于中温固体氧化物燃料电池(solid oxide fuel cell,SOFC)中。但在SOFC运行时,在电池的阳极侧Ce~(4+)会被还原成Ce~(3+),产生电子泄露现象,从而造成SOFC电池性能的衰减。采用溶胶-凝胶法成功制备Ce_(1-x)Gd_xO_(2-δ)(x=0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20,0.25,摩尔分数)固体电解质,研究不同Gd~(3+)掺杂量对GDC电解质总电导率和电子电导率的影响,同时对总电导率、电子电导率与温度、氧分压之间的关系进行分析。结果表明:测试温度为750℃、Gd~(3+)掺杂量为0.20时,GDC电解质的总电导率最大,达到8.59×10~(-2) S·cm~(-1);电子电导率随着Gd~(3+)掺杂量的增大而降低,当Gd~(3+)掺杂量为0.10、测试温度为750℃时,GDC电解质的电子电导率最大,为6.47×10~(-4) S·cm~(-1)。Gd_2O_3掺杂量为0.20的GDC电解质具有最高的总电导率和较小的电子电导率,从而突显出最高的离子电导率。     

急冷 Li_2O-B_2O_3-WO_3系统玻璃的制备及其性质

用双辊急冷法把 Li_2O-B_2O_3-WO_3系统的玻璃形成范围扩大了近二倍。IR 光谱和 Raman光谱研究表明:少量 WO_3取代 B_2O_3时,W~(6+)离子以四配位存在并进入网络;引入多量 WO_3时,[WO_4]增多并出现[WO_6],WO_3取代 B_2O_3使玻璃稳定性下降,使导电率和介电常数增大。观察了30Li_2O·xWO_3·(70-x)B_2O_3玻璃在0.1N H_2SO_4非水性溶液中的电致色效应,发现着色速率与玻璃的电导率无关,而与 WO_3含量成正比关系。     

多晶β″-Al_2O_3的稀土离子交换 Ⅱ、动力学研究

研究了多晶 β″-Al_2O_3陶瓷中稀土离子 Eu~(2+)和 Ce~(3+)与 Na~+离子交换的动力学。得出适合于一维双面离子交换反应的交换率与时间的关系为 f=(4/d)(Dt/π)~(1/2)(f≤80%)以及 f=1-(8/π~2)exp(-π~2Dt/d)(f>80%),并推导了与 Na~+-Eu~(2+)和 Na~+-Ce~(3+)交换机理相联系的互扩散常数与自扩散常数的关系为:(?)={1+zf(1-α)/[α+f(1-u)]}D_i由此求得600℃时 Eu~(2+)和850℃时 Ce~(3+)离子在多晶β″-Al_2O_3中的扩散常数分别为0.70×10~(-6)和0.51×10~(-7)cm~2·s~(-1),并估算了交换达到平衡所需要的时间。     

酒石酸铁改性废旧棉织物Fenton反应催化剂的制备及其应用性能研究

为了促进废旧棉织物的综合利用,使用酒石酸通过轧—烘—焙工艺对废旧棉织物进行改性反应以在其表面引入羧酸基,然后将改性后的废旧棉织物与Fe~(3+)反应制备酒石酸铁改性废旧棉织物,重点考察了酒石酸和NaH_2PO_4浓度以及焙烘温度对废旧棉织物表面羧酸基和Fe~(3+)含量的影响,并使用SEM和FTIR等对其进行表征。最后将酒石酸铁改性废旧棉织物作为非均相Fenton反应光催化剂对偶氮染料酸性红88进行氧化降解反应并评价其催化活性。结果表明,酒石酸与棉纤维表面羟基通过酯化反应而引入的羧酸基,能进一步与Fe~(3+)发生配位反应,由此可以制备酒石酸铁改性废旧棉织物。酒石酸和NaH_2PO_4浓度的增加以及焙烘温度的升高均能够显著增加酒石酸铁改性废旧棉织物表面Fe~(3+)含量。当酒石酸浓度为10%(质量分数)、NaH_2PO_4浓度为5%(质量分数)和焙烘温度为180℃时,废旧棉织物的改性效果最好。酒石酸铁改性废旧棉织物在光辐射条件下能够加速染料降解反应,其表面Fe~(3+)含量的增加能够提高其催化活性。此外,H_2O_2浓度为4.5mmol·L~(-1)、pH值为6及较高温度时染料降解效果最佳。棉纤维表面的染料对酒石酸铁改性废旧棉织物的光催化活性略有影响。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.