生石油焦制备的多孔炭材料吸附性能及电热性能研究

以挥发分含量较高的未煅烧生石油焦为原料,以KCl为主要活化剂,采用模压成型,化学活化的方法制备出块状多孔炭材料。考察了活化剂用量与成型压力对多孔炭材料吸附性能和电热性能的影响及多孔炭材料电热性能在解吸附中的应用。当活化剂与生石油焦用量比为5,成型压力为20MPa时制得的块状多孔炭材料的吸附性能和电热性能最理想,通电加热1min后该多孔炭材料解析吸附物的效果显著。     

测试样品状态对XRD法定量获取炭材料微结构参数的影响研究

为了研究XRD方法测试炭材料微结构参数时测试样品状态的影响,以沥青炭为分析对象,研究了测试样品为块状样品、常规粉末样品、微量粉末样品时的XRD谱图,并分析了以此获得的炭材料微结构参数。研究表明,块状样品测试时XRD谱峰的偏移最大,获得的炭材料的微结构参数偏离真实值最远;而微量粉末测试样品获得的XRD谱峰的偏移最小,获得的炭材料微结构参数最接近真实值。分析认为,测试过程中探测的深度越大越容易造成结果的偏差,而增加分析仪的圆周半径和减小粉末样品槽的直径与深度对获取真实的炭材料微结构参数有利。     

有机物浸渍/涂敷-固化-碳化法制备膨胀石墨基低密度炭/炭复合材料

在膨胀石墨基炭／炭复合材料研究领域，国内外研究者采用的制备工艺大多为有机物浸渍-固化-碳化法。本文介绍了采用此制备工艺的两种膨胀石墨基低密度炭／炭复合材料的一些研究工作：一种材料为以膨胀石墨基炭／炭低密度复合材料活化后制取块状成型活性炭；另一种为利用膨胀石墨基炭／炭低密度复合材料作为绝热材料。     

沥青粘结剂产炭率对制品性能的影响

研究了粘结剂沥青产炭率与块状炭制品材料性能的关系,拟通过提高粘结剂沥青产炭率的方法改善炭制品的性质。实验采用比目前工业沥青粘结剂产炭率更高的沥青作为粘结剂,经过混捏、成型和焙烧制成炭制品。研究发现,采用产炭率高的粘结剂可以得到性能较好的产品,但对于强度来说,过高产炭率的粘结剂并不总是正面影响的,应考虑到粘结剂中β组分的含量。     

炭石墨材料的生物机械性能和骨固定材料

综合分析了炭材料的性能及其在生物医学方面的应用，重点分析了炭材料的生物机械性能，特别是生物力学相容性。结合国内外在基础医学和临床医学相关研究实例，认为炭材料不仅可以作为膺复体(Prothesis)长时间植入人体，也可作为骨折外固定材料(如夹具、夹板等)短时间使用。与传统金属和高分子材料相比，炭材料在生物相容性、强度、重量、稳定性、加工性、实际操作等上具有突出的优势。炭材料可被X射线穿透的特性，有助于临床医师利用良好的射线透射图像对所植入的碳材料膺复体进行准确定位和复位。另外，接受炭材料植入的骨肿瘤患者，术后可进行正常的放射治疗。     

采用模板法制备块状炭纳米材料的研究

采用四重高吸水树脂作有机模板,葡萄糖为炭源制备了新型块状纳米炭材料,研究了四重高吸水树脂的高分子网络结构及葡萄糖溶液的浓度对新型纳米炭材料微观结构的影响.研究结果表明:葡萄糖的浓度对所制备的炭材料的微观结构有较大的影响.     

铸型炭化法制备多孔炭材料的研究进展

铸型炭化法开辟了多孔炭材料制备研究的一个全新领域,近年来已成为能够最有效控制多孔炭材料结构的方法。本文概述了传统方法制备多孔炭材料的不足,重点综述了以硅胶、黏土、沸石和中孔硅分子筛为铸型制备多孔炭材料的最新研究进展,展望了铸型炭的应用前景,最后指出了铸型炭化法在制备多孔炭领域尚待开展的研究工作。     

多孔炭材料设计合成及电化学储能应用

多孔炭材料具有导电性好、结构稳定、资源丰富、价格低廉的天然优势，既可直接作为电极材料，构建炭基电化学储能器件，又可与非炭电活性材料复合，起到传输电子、缓冲体积膨胀及调节界面反应的作用，在电化学储能器件中一直发挥着不可或缺的作用。结合本文作者课题组的研究工作，本文总结了多孔炭制备及孔结构和形貌的调控方法，分析了各方法的优缺点；并以超级电容器、锂离子/钠离子电池和锂硫电池为代表，阐述了多孔炭材料在电化学储能领域的作用及应用研究现状，讨论了电化学储能器件对多孔炭材料的结构与性能要求，指出了多孔炭在电化学储能应用中存在的局限性，并对多孔炭在这些储能领域的研究和发展趋势做出展望。     

溶胶-凝胶法制备中孔炭材料的研究进展

中孔炭材料在催化剂载体、分离材料、吸附剂和电极材料等方面具有潜在的应用前景。溶胶-凝胶法通过控制炭前驱体聚合物和模板物质分子网络结构同时生成，可以在一定程度上控制炭材料的最终结构，是制备中孔炭材料的新颖有效方法之一。本文综合有关文献，对溶胶-凝胶法制备中孔炭材料做了简要的综述。     

炭/炭复合材料在半导体制造行业的应用

综述了传统炭/炭复合材料和膨胀石墨基低密度炭/炭复合材料在半导体制造业直拉(CZ)法单晶硅炉中的应用。指出了在CZ单晶炉内炭/炭复合材料比石墨材料热场零部件的优势所在,并认为随着硅单晶直径的增大,炭/炭复合材料取代石墨材料将成为硅晶体生长炉热场系统的首选材料。     

高炉炭砖的导热系数及其影响因素

对微孔、半石墨质和普通等级炭砖试样的导热系数与温度的关系做了回归分析,得到了导热系数和温度的关系表达式,由此,可以从室温导热系数预测高温导热系数。另外,还计算了导热系数与体积密度、显气孔率、透气度和原料等级之间的相关系数。结果表明,导热系数与透气度和原料等级有一定的相关关系,而与体积密度和显气孔率无关。     

改善半石墨质铝用阴极炭砖质量的有效途径

通过阴极炭砖各生产工序的工艺实践，阐述了改善半石墨质铝用阴极炭砖实物质量的有效途径和方法     

High temperature annealing effects on carbon spheres and their applications as anode materials in Li-ion secondary battery

Carbon spheres (CSs) have been subjected to a high temperature annealing process at 2800 °C under an Ar atmosphere. These high temperature annealed carbon spheres (HTACSs) have been characterised by SEM, HRTEM, BET surface area, XRD, Raman, SQUID and TGA techniques. The study indicates that the original spheroidal morphology of CSs have been converted to polyhedral. The graphitic flakes possessing relatively short range order of which the original are composed of appear to have coalesced into more extended graphitic layers possessing long range order. Furthermore three dimensional interplanar graphitic ordering occurs. Charge-discharge capacity measurements have been performed on both carbon materials to access the potential of these materials in Li-ion secondary battery applications. The measurements indicate that HTACSs exhibit better performance than CSs in terms of greater reversible capacity and their longer plateau in voltage profiles.     

废轮胎回转窑中试热解炭中碳元素化学形态

应用X射线光电子能谱（XPS）对废轮胎回转窑中试热解炭（PCB）中C元素的化学形态进行分析.荷电效应及背景校正后,分别应用“非对称性Gaussian-Lorentzian线性和函数”与“Gaussian函数”对非对称与对称峰进行拟合.结果发现,热解温度≥500 ℃时,热解充分,热解炭本体中C元素的化学形态类似商用炭黑（CCB）N660,而热解炭表面吸附沉积物中C元素的化学形态不同于本体,随热解温度升高,表面吸附物中类石墨质C有所增加;450℃时,热解不充分,热解炭本体中类石墨质C含量少,表面吸附物少;热解炭按粒径存在一定的分布,热解炭颗粒越小,石墨质C含量越低;热解炭表面吸附、沉积物厚度的近似数量级为0.2 mm,热解炭本体中C元素的化学形态并未受到表面吸附、沉积层太大的影响.     

Reactions of Secondary Phases with Carbon in Magnesia‐Carbon Bricks

Despite the excellent thermochemical properties of magnesia carbon bricks, these exhibit one weak characteristic during their use: their carbothermally induced wear. Carbon has a high affinity to oxygen, which leads to a reaction between magnesia and carbon, forming gaseous products at very low oxygen partial pressures in the surrounding atmosphere. When magnesia carbon material is furthermore applied at negative pressures, the precited carbothermic reduction processes effect an internal decomposition or even degradation of the bricks. Mostly, high‐purity magnesia varieties (MgO ≥ 96 wt%) are used for the production of magnesia carbon bricks because the low‐melting calcium silicate secondary phases in magnesia impair the high‐temperature resistance of these bricks. The fundamental question if and to which extent secondary phases react with carbon and which impact they have on the carbothermally induced wear of bricks has been unsolved so far. The following paper presents which influence the mineral secondary phases, monticellite, merwinite, and belite that are most commonly occurring in magnesia, have on the carbothermally induced wear. The respective studies were conducted by means of thermogravimetric and microstructural analyses. The results of these studies show that monticellite in the MgO–C microstructure brings about an increase in weight loss on account of carbothermic reduction processes. On the contrary, belite and merwinite in the MgO–C structure do not exhibit any negative impact on the thermal stability of the microstructure.     

A Review on Some Applications of Magnesia in Current China Refractories Industry

Being rich in the magnesite resource,China hasbecome the biggest magnesia-based products manufac-turer.With nearly300magnesite mines including somenewly built magnesite processing plants,China has to-tal output of over14million tons magnesite ore peryear,…     

Spontaneous, catalyst-free formation of nitrogen-doped graphitic carbon nanocages

A simple approach for spontaneous, catalyst-free formation of highly graphitic nitrogen-containing carbon nanocages has been demonstrated by using commercially available graphite rods as the initial materials. The resultant carbon nanocages have well-ordered graphitic shells with more compact graphite layer structure than that of conventional bulk graphite. The incorporation of nitrogen into the graphitic backbone of carbon nanocages opens the potential for metal-free catalysis of oxygen reduction reaction in fuel cells. It is believed that the formation of carbon nanocages were attributed to the incurvature and coalescence of graphite sheets shelled off from graphite rods. Thermal gravimetric analysis revealed the as-prepared carbon nanocages possessed excellent thermal stability in both N₂ (1200 °C) and air (700 °C) atmospheres promising for applications in high-temperature environments.     

Graphitic spherical carbon as a support for a PtRu-alloy catalyst in the methanol electro-oxidation

Spherical carbons were prepared using sucrose as a carbon precursor via hydrothermal method for use as supports for PtRu-alloy catalysts in the methanol electro-oxidation. Spherical carbon particles with an average diameter of 1μm (SC-1) were prepared under static condition (without stirring), while spherical carbon materials with a diameter of 500–600 nm (SC-2) were obtained under dynamic condition (with stirring). A graphitic spherical carbon material (SC-g) was successfully prepared by the addition of Fe salt under dynamic condition. It was revealed that the catalytic action of Fe species during the hydrothermal process was essential for the formation of a graphitic structure of SC-g. The surface areas were found to be 112, 383, and 252 m²/g for SC-1, SC-2, and SC-g, respectively. PtRu nanoparticles were then supported on the spherical carbons by a NaBH₄-reduction method for use in the methanol electro-oxidation. The average metal particle sizes were 3.5, 2.6, and 2.7 nm for PtRu/SC-1, PtRu/SC-2, and PtRu/SC-g, respectively. The PtRu/SC-1 and PtRu/SC-2 showed a lower catalytic performance in the methanol electro-oxidation than the PtRu/Vulcan. However, the PtRu/SC-g exhibited a higher catalytic performance than the PtRu/Vulcan. It is believed that the high graphitic nature of SC-g was responsible for the enhanced catalytic performance of PtRu/SC-g.     

不同碳含量对镁碳砖性能的影响

研究了碳含量的变化对镁碳砖抗渣侵蚀性、抗氧化性能、高温抗折强度和热震稳定性的影响。研究结果表明：随碳含量增加,镁碳砖的体积密度、耐压强度降低;碳含量在6%~8%时,镁碳砖的高温抗折强度、热震稳定性、抗渣侵蚀性及抗氧化性能好;碳含量低,镁碳砖的抗渣侵蚀性降低;碳含量为14%时,镁碳砖的抗氧化性能最差。     

双电层电容器用多孔炭材料的研究与开发

阐述了双电层电容器的工作原理，探讨了多孔炭材料的比表面积、孔径分布、表面官能团、表面石墨微晶取向、体积密度和电导率以及电化学稳定性等微孔结构与物理化学性质对其电容特性的影响，介绍了近年来用作双电层电容器电极的几种新型多孔炭材料的研究进展。